A worldwide view on the challenges of managing waste quantities and the complexities of recycling efforts. From electronic consumer goods to e-waste

Abstract

Technological advancements, along with developments in materials and manufacturing processes, have significantly altered consumer products and the composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) since the 1960s. The rising volume of discarded consumer goods, particularly electronic waste (e-waste), poses a significant challenge to recycling efforts. The global demand for high-tech products has led to a surge in e-waste generation and its cross-border transportation. This paper examines the challenges linked to the increasing volume of e-waste. The growing demand for raw materials, especially rare earth and minor elements, combined with unregulated e-waste recycling practices in developing and underdeveloped countries, exacerbates concerns over e-waste management. Although the market for recycled materials is expanding, significant obstacles remain in developing the necessary infrastructure for e-waste management, ensuring accountability, and advancing effective materials recovery technologies and product design.