European Research Materials

Research on Service Product Innovation and Membership Marketing of Community Eldercare under the Silver Economy

Qiao Yi — 2026-09-21

With the accelerated aging of China's population and the deepening of the national silver economy policy, community eldercare has become the basic carrier of the aged care service system, while the service product innovation and membership marketing capacity of community eldercare institutions have become the core bottlenecks restricting their sustainable operation. Taking the community eldercare sector as the research object, this paper systematically analyzes the current situation, modern challenges and optimization paths of service product innovation and membership marketing of community eldercare under the background of the silver economy, by means of a research route combining literature analysis, policy text analysis and typical case analysis. The research shows that, driven by the national policy environment and the demographic dividend of the aging population, China's community eldercare institutions have made positive progress in service portfolio expansion and customer relationship maintenance, forming preliminary experience in product stratification, membership system design and community-based operation. However, under the combined effect of internal structural constraints such as product homogeneity, shortage of professional talents and weak digital capabilities, and external environmental pressures such as stratified payment capacity, consumer trust deficit and intensified competition from multiple market players, the sector still faces systematic barriers such as unclear value positioning, imperfect membership operation mechanism and incomplete profitability model. On the basis of an in-depth diagnosis, this paper further proposes a phased and hierarchical optimization framework, covering a demand-driven innovation strategy, service product portfolio design and scenario upgrading, as well as membership marketing and organizational guarantee mechanisms, providing operable references for the high-quality development of community eldercare institutions and effectively supplementing the empirical research system of localized service marketing in the silver economy field.

КӨШБАСШЫ ӘЙЕЛДЕР БЕЛСЕНДІЛІГІНІҢ ОТБАСЫН САҚТАУ, БАЛА ТӘРБИЕСІ ЖӘНЕ ҚОҒАМДАҒЫ ОРНЫ: КОНСТИТУЦИЯЛЫҚ-ҚҰҚЫҚТЫҚ АСПЕКТ

Назым Алиева — 2026-09-21

Мақалада қазіргі Қазақстан қоғамындағы әйел көшбасшылығының отбасы тұрақтылығын қамтамасыз етудегі, бала тәрбиесіндегі және қоғамдық даму үдерістеріндегі рөлі қарастырылады. Әйелдердің білім, ғылым, еңбек, мемлекеттік басқару, қоғамдық ұйымдар мен кәсіподақтар қызметіне белсенді араласуы олардың қоғамдағы әлеуметтік мәртебесін арттырумен қатар, отбасы мен кәсіби қызметті үйлестіру мәселесін де өзекті етіп отыр. Зерттеудің өзектілігі Қазақстан Республикасының жаңа Конституциясында отбасы институтына берілген конституциялық мәртебемен айқындалады. Конституцияның 27-бабында «Неке мен отбасы, ана мен әке және бала мемлекеттің қорғауында болады» деп бекітілуі отбасы құндылықтарының мемлекеттік деңгейде қорғалатынын көрсетеді. Сонымен бірге Конституцияда балаларына қамқорлық жасау мен оларды тәрбиелеу ата-ананың етене құқығы әрі міндеті ретінде белгіленген. Мақалада осы конституциялық қағидалардың әйел көшбасшылығы феноменімен өзара байланысы талданады. Көшбасшы әйелдің отбасыдағы рөлі оның кәсіби жетістігімен ғана емес, балаға үлгі болуымен, отбасындағы жауапкершілік мәдениетін қалыптастыруымен және қоғамдық құндылықтарды кейінгі ұрпаққа жеткізуімен сипатталатыны негізделеді. Зерттеу нәтижесінде әйел көшбасшылығын отбасы құндылықтарына қарама-қарсы қоюға болмайтыны, керісінше, отбасы мен қоғамдық белсенділіктің үйлесімділігі әйелдің әлеуметтік әлеуетін толық жүзеге асыруға мүмкіндік беретіні тұжырымдалады

HUMAN-AI CO-CREATION AS A NEW AESTHETIC PHENOMENON IN CONTEMPORARY GRAPHIC DESIGN

Turganbekov Dinmukhammed Maratuly — 2026-09-21

The development of artificial intelligence has become one of the most influential technological and cultural processes affecting contemporary visual culture. Generative artificial intelligence systems have moved beyond the automation of technical operations and entered areas traditionally associated with human creativity, including illustration, photography, advertising, visual communication, digital art, and graphic design.

Contemporary generative systems allow designers to produce visual interpretations from textual descriptions, transform existing images, explore alternative styles, combine heterogeneous visual references, and rapidly generate multiple variations of a single concept. Consequently, the creative process is increasingly characterised by continuous interaction between human intention and algorithmic generation.

This development raises an important question for contemporary art and design theory: should artificial intelligence be understood merely as another technological instrument in the historical development of graphic design, or does human interaction with generative systems constitute a qualitatively new form of creative practice?

The question is particularly relevant because graphic design has always developed in close connection with technological transformation. Printing technologies, photography, photomontage, offset printing, desktop publishing, digital imaging, and professional graphic software each changed the possibilities of visual communication. Nevertheless, generative artificial intelligence introduces a different type of transformation. Instead of merely extending the designer's technical capacity to manipulate visual elements, generative systems can participate in the production of visual alternatives themselves.

FROM SOFT POWER TO COMPUTATIONAL DIPLOMACY: THE TRANSFORMATION OF KAZAKHSTAN'S FOREIGN POLICY TOOLKIT (2020–2028)

Arzigul Islamova — 2026-09-21

Kazakhstan entered the 2020s with a foreign-policy model that had already acquired a recognizable character: multivector diplomacy, pragmatic relations with competing centers of power, commitment to multilateral institutions, economic diplomacy, and a careful use of soft-power instruments. What has changed during the current decade is not the basic philosophy of this policy, but the political and technological environment in which it operates. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the digitalization of diplomatic interaction; the geopolitical disruption that followed 2022 increased the complexity of Kazakhstan's external relations; and the rapid development of artificial intelligence introduced new possibilities for processing information, monitoring risks and supporting policy analysis. This article examines how these developments are reshaping Kazakhstan's foreign-policy toolkit between 2020 and 2028. It argues that Kazakhstan is not abandoning soft power in favor of technology. Rather, a new computational layer is gradually being added to existing diplomatic practices. The article introduces the concept of computational multivectorism to describe the possible convergence of Kazakhstan's traditional multivector strategy with data analysis, artificial intelligence, automated information processing, scenario modelling and digital strategic communication. The research distinguishes between the empirical period of 2020-2026 and the prospective period of 2027-2028. The latter is examined through scenario analysis rather than treated as an established future. The article concludes that the most realistic direction for Kazakhstan is not automated diplomacy, but augmented diplomacy: a model in which computational technologies improve the capacity of diplomats and policymakers to manage complexity while final political judgment, responsibility and negotiation remain fundamentally human.

Зеренді ауданының киелі жерлері туралы аңыздардың тәрбиелік мәні

Есилбаева Г. Т. — 2026-09-21

Ақмола облысы тарихы мен мәдениеті жағынан бай, киелі орындарға толы аймақ болып саналады. Зеренді ауданы бойынша 12 киелі жер аймақтық маңызы бар киелі жерлер тізіміне енген болатын. Әрбір киелі жердің аңызы бар, бұл жерлерге адамдар зиярат жасап, ниеттеніп келушілер саны артып келеді. Дертіне дауа іздеп, арман, мақсаттарына жету үшін халық наным-сеніммен киелі жерге келеді. Рухы биік халқымыз әрбір киелі жерлерін қасиетті санайды.

Қазақстан — ғасырлар бойы тарихи, мәдени және рухани құндылықтарды сақтап келген ұлттық бейнесі. Біздің еліміздің кең құшағында көптеген киелі жерлер бар. Олар тек тарихымызды ғана емес, сонымен қатар тұлғаларымыздың рухын, мәдениетін, болашағын айқындайтын маңызды объектілер болып табылады. Осы жерлердің әрқайсы өз тарихымен, аңыздарымен және халықтың өміріне енгізген үлесімен ерекшеленеді.

RISK CRITERIA FOR FOREIGN INVESTMENT SCREENING: COMPARATIVE LESSONS FOR KAZAKHSTAN

Zhazira Nurlybek — 2026-09-21

Foreign investment screening has become an increasingly important instrument for reconciling investment openness with national security and economic resilience. This paper examines a specific question within this debate: which characteristics of an investment transaction justify enhanced security-related scrutiny. Using a qualitative comparative analysis of selected regulatory approaches in the United States, the European Union, India, and Kazakhstan, the study groups relevant risk variables into four categories: the sensitivity of the asset or sector, characteristics of the investor, characteristics of the transaction, and the potential consequences for national interests. The comparison shows that contemporary screening systems increasingly focus on targeted assessment of access to critical infrastructure, technologies, sensitive data, essential inputs, and strategic decision-making rights rather than on foreign capital as such. Kazakhstan already applies security-related controls to transactions involving strategic objects, including sectoral assessment, review of concentration of rights, consultation with national security authorities, and consideration of threats to national interests. These mechanisms, however, are not equivalent to a general cross-sectoral foreign investment screening regime. The paper argues that formalized risk criteria could provide a practical basis for a proportionate and transparent approach to identifying transactions that warrant enhanced review while preserving investment openness

Study of the Phytoncidal Activity of Local Wild Chamomile Flora Against Aphids (Aphididae) in Vocational Education

Nana Parulava — 2026-09-21

This article presents a practical study conducted with the participation of vocational education students focusing on the phytoncidal and insecticidal properties of wild chamomile (Asteraceae) species from the local flora. As part of the experiment, an extract was prepared from wild chamomile and tested on fruit crops against aphid (Aphididae) colonies. The study demonstrated high efficacy of the biological preparation, supported by field and laboratory observations as well as morphological analysis.

Theoretical foundations of the self-efficacy and psychological well-being relationship in industrial training

Kazimov Ahad Arif — 2026-09-21

Depending on the changing conditions of universities, students' self-efficacy, life satisfaction, and related life goals vary. In today's conditions, one of the missions of universities is to cultivate individuals who think analytically, critically, objectively, creatively, and reflectively. The development of individuals with high levels of self-efficacy is largely directly proportional to these factors. Individuals' life goals change and differ in parallel with changing conditions. In particular, rapidly changing technology is reflected suddenly and quickly in individuals' living conditions, which affects their self-efficacy levels and causes them to change their life goals in line with the changing conditions.

This study aims to compare university students' life goals (desires) with their levels of general self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Based on this, the relationship between students' life goals and their levels of life satisfaction and general self-efficacy has been investigated.

In Psychological Counseling and Guidance, which, as a fundamental discipline, prioritizes the human being, aims to raise awareness, and enable self-actualization, special importance is given to life satisfaction. What makes life satisfaction so prominent is that individuals give meaning to their lives. The development of these multiple dimensions of the human being to the maximum extent parallels general self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Accordingly, it is known that individuals who achieve their life goals generally also have high levels of life satisfaction. Throughout history, many religions, philosophical beliefs, and mythologies have taught that individuals must have a purpose in life to make it meaningful. People with a purpose in life tend to be more strongly attached to life, better able to cope with challenges, find solutions, and biologically survive longer.

THE TRAVEL POETRY IN LITERATURE OF KAZAKHSTAN ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CREATIVE WRITINGS OF F. BAIGELDINOV AND F. TAMENDAROV

Mashakova Ainur Kassymzhanovna — 2026-09-21

Contemporary literature of Kazakhstan is characterized by a variety of artistic ways of understanding space and human experience. One of the productive directions of such understanding is the poetry of travel, where geographical movement gains the significance of aesthetic, cultural, and spiritual experience. Travel allows the lyrical hero to go beyond familiar spaces, see other countries and cities, connect with the history and culture of different peoples, and at the same time feel their own connection to their homeland in a new way. In this regard, the poems of Kazakhstani poets Farid Baigeldinov, included into the collection “Astral Gaze” (2006) [1], and Farhat Tamendarov in the collection “The Moment of Inspiration” (2010) are of particular interest [2].

Both poets' appeal to traveling is naturally connected to the biographical and cultural experience of a person at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries. However, their artistic approaches to travel differ significantly. F. Baigeldinov mainly focuses on the European cultural space – aris, Berlin, Amsterdam, Brussels, Venice, Rome. His travel becomes a way of encountering history and art, and the cities he sees turn into a kind of cultural text. F. Tamendarov uses a much broader geographic range: Egypt, Dubai, Mauritius, Shanghai, Rome, London, the Maldives. His lyrical character finds himself in various parts of the world, experiencing space through direct impressions, movement, and sensory and visual details.

From Social Media to the Mind: The Influence of English-Language Content on Kazakh Adolescents

Bektassova Amina — 2026-09-21

The rapid expansion of English-language content on globally popular social media platforms has become a defining feature of adolescent life in Kazakhstan, a multilingual post-Soviet nation where Kazakh, Russian, and English coexist within a shifting linguistic hierarchy. This article presents a systematic narrative review examining how sustained exposure to English-language social media content shapes the linguistic repertoires, cognitive processing, and psychosocial development of Kazakh adolescents. Drawing on scholarship in second language acquisition, sociolinguistics, digital literacy, and developmental psychology, the review synthesizes findings from studies conducted in Kazakhstan and in comparable multilingual English-as-a-foreign-language contexts, including Thailand, Mongolia, and other post-Soviet settings. The review was guided by three research questions: first, how does English-language social media content function as an informal language-learning environment for Kazakh adolescents; second, what cognitive and psycholinguistic mechanisms underlie the incorporation of English lexical and discursive patterns into adolescents' everyday Kazakh-Russian bilingual speech; and third, what psychological and identity-related consequences of this exposure have been documented in the literature. Findings indicate that English-language content functions simultaneously as a vocabulary-building resource, a marker of social prestige, and a trigger for code-switching behavior that reshapes adolescents' trilingual repertoires. The review further identifies documented associations between heavy screen-mediated engagement and declines in adolescent psychological well-being, alongside a persistent shortage of Kazakhstan-specific empirical research that isolates English-language content from broader digital media use. The article concludes with a proposed research agenda and pedagogical recommendations for embedding critical digital literacy within Kazakhstani English-language education, emphasizing the need for longitudinal, mixed-methods studies grounded in local trilingual realities.

Culture-Specific Units in the Kazakh, Russian, and English Versions of the Epic Novel "Abai Zholy": Peculiarities of Their Rendering in Translation

Medetbek Nazym — 2026-09-21

Mukhtar Auezov's epic novel Abai Zholy occupies a canonical position in Kazakh literature and functions as a linguistic repository of nineteenth-century nomadic, pastoral, and social life on the Kazakh steppe. Because the novel is saturated with culture-specific units denoting dwellings, clothing, food, kinship structures, social ranks, and oral-folkloric genres, its translation history across Russian, prepared under close cultural contact during the Soviet period, and English, prepared for a distant international readership, offers a productive site for examining how culturally embedded lexis is rendered across culturally distant target languages. This article presents a qualitative comparative-textual analysis of culture-specific units drawn from the Kazakh original of Abai Zholy alongside its canonical Russian and English translations, extending prior corpus-based findings on color and animal terminology to the broader categories of material culture, social organization, and oral-folkloric genre. Drawing on the classical Russian tradition of realia studies alongside Western frameworks for culture-specific items, the analysis classifies the translation procedures applied in each target language and compares their relative frequency and communicative effect. Findings indicate that the Russian translation achieves markedly higher lexical and connotative fidelity for material-culture and kinship terms, owing to documented Russian-Kazakh contact and established loanwords, whereas the English translation relies more heavily on domestication, explicitation, and occasional omission, particularly for hierarchical and folkloric-performative units lacking a ready equivalent. These patterns generalize beyond domains previously examined through corpus tools and carry implications for ongoing state-sponsored retranslation initiatives aimed at global literary dissemination. The article concludes by proposing a typological framework for future study of culture-specific translation in Kazakh literary heritage.

МЕДЕЦИНАЛЫҚ ҚЫЗМЕТ КӨРСЕТУ САЛАСЫНДА ВЕБ-ҚОСЫМШАНЫҢ МАҢЫЗДЫЛЫҒЫ

ЖЕКЕЕВА Самал Серікқызы — 2026-09-21

Мақалада медецина саласында қызмет көрсететін орталықтың бизнес-процестерін автоматтандыру мақсатында заманауи талаптарға сай веб-қосымша әзірленіп, оның медециналық орталықтың жұмысын оңтайландырудағы жұмысы қарастырлыған. Құрастырылған веб-қосымша орталық қызметіне жүгінген тұтынушылардың сұраныстарын толығымен қанағаттандырады

Clinical Features of Bronchial Asthma in Children with Different Frequencies of Exacerbations in Almaty, Kazakhstan

Imanbay Korkem — 2026-09-21

Background. Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases in children. Despite advances in modern diagnosis and treatment, frequent exacerbations remain one of the main causes of poor disease control, medical consultations, and hospitalization. In children, it is particularly important to identify the clinical features of the disease in patients who are prone to recurrent exacerbations.
Objective. To study the clinical features of bronchial asthma in children aged 5–15 years depending on the frequency of exacerbations based on a retrospective analysis of medical records from 2020 to 2025.
Materials and Methods. A retrospective comparative study of clinical data from 120 children with bronchial asthma aged 5–15 years was conducted. The main group included 50 children with frequent exacerbations, while the comparison group consisted of 70 children with infrequent exacerbations.
Results. Boys predominated among the study participants: 64.0% in the main group and 55.7% in the comparison group. Early disease onset before the age of 5 years was more common among children with frequent exacerbations—36.0% compared with 28.6%. Poor asthma control was identified in 62.0% of children in the main group and 22.9% of children in the comparison group. A positive allergic history was reported in 78.0% and 62.9% of patients, respectively. Allergic rhinitis and recurrent respiratory infections were also more common among children with frequent exacerbations. Regular controller therapy was received by 58.0% of children in the main group and 72.9% of those in the comparison group. Poor treatment adherence was observed in 52.0% and 32.9% of patients, respectively. The most pronounced differences were observed in hospitalization rates: hospitalization due to bronchial asthma exacerbation occurred in 62.0% of children in the main group compared with 20.0% in the comparison group.
Conclusion. Children with frequent bronchial asthma exacerbations more often had poor disease control, a more severe course of the disease, a positive allergic history, concomitant allergic rhinitis, and recurrent respiratory infections. In addition, irregular use of controller therapy and poor treatment adherence were more common in this group. Frequent exacerbations were associated with a higher rate of hospitalization. The findings highlight the need for closer monitoring of children with recurrent exacerbations, including assessment of asthma control, adherence to prescribed treatment, and concomitant conditions.

METHODOLOGY, EFFECTIVENESS AND RESULTS OF SCREENING FOR THREE PRIORITY CANCERS IN KAZAKHSTAN: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL REVIEW

Arman Khozhayev — 2026-09-21

This scientific and analytical study examines the epidemiological patterns of cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer in the regions of the country, with particular emphasis on incidence and mortality rates and their regional variation. The study provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state of cancer screening and prevention, including the screening approaches used for the early detection of these malignancies in clinically asymptomatic populations. Particular attention is given to the organization and implementation of population-based screening programs, the target populations, screening intervals, diagnostic methods, and the subsequent management of individuals with abnormal screening results. The analysis also considers the role of screening in reducing the burden of malignant neoplasms through early detection and timely referral for further diagnostic evaluation and treatment. The study presents detailed, step-by-step algorithms for the organization and implementation of screening for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer, outlining the principal stages from identification and invitation of eligible individuals to primary screening, additional diagnostic procedures, confirmation of the diagnosis, and appropriate follow-up. The diagnostic capabilities and practical significance of the screening methods currently applied are described, with particular emphasis on their potential for detecting precancerous conditions and early-stage malignancies before the onset of clinical symptoms. The findings highlight the importance of a systematic, evidence-based approach to cancer screening and demonstrate the potential of well-organized preventive programs to improve early detection, facilitate timely treatment, and ultimately contribute to reductions in cancer-related incidence and mortality

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL INNOVATION IN THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN

Saiynov Mukhambet — 2026-09-21

The article explores the theoretical and methodological foundations of educational innovation within the structure of higher medical education in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on a comprehensive analysis of scientific and pedagogical data covering the period from 2014 to 2022, the dynamics of innovation processes development in medical universities are explicated. The study examines the regularities of the transition from the stage of forming primary innovative responsiveness within the academic environment to the stage of diversification of interactive and simulation-based learning technologies. The dialectics of internal and external barriers arising during the modernization of higher medical schools are analyzed

THE SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE ON RECONFIGURING THE PHARMACOLOGICAL FRONTIER OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA: CONTEMPORARY ADVANCES IN ANESTHETIC PHARMACOLOGY, MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS, PRECISION PERIOPERATIVE PHARMACOTHERAPY, PHARMACOSAFETY, INTRAVENOUS AND INHALATIONAL ANE

Nodar Sulashvili — 2026-09-21

General anesthesia represents a complex pharmacological state produced through the coordinated modulation of consciousness, nociception, amnesia, immobility, autonomic responsiveness, and physiological homeostasis. Contemporary anesthetic practice has progressively moved beyond the conventional selection of individual hypnotic, analgesic, and neuromuscular agents toward an integrated pharmacological paradigm emphasizing mechanism-based drug selection, individualized dosing, multimodal pharmacotherapy, pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic optimization, and systematic mitigation of medication-related harm. This scientific discourse critically examines the reconfiguration of the pharmacological landscape of general anesthesia through contemporary advances in anesthetic pharmacology, mechanistic pharmacology, precision perioperative pharmacotherapy, evidence-based medicine, and pharmacosafety. Particular attention is directed toward the complementary and contrasting pharmacological characteristics of intravenous and inhalational anesthetic agents, including their molecular targets, dose–response relationships, onset and recovery profiles, organ-dependent disposition, context-sensitive effects, and interactions with concomitantly administered perioperative medications. The analysis further considers pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic interactions as major determinants of anesthetic efficacy, therapeutic precision, emergence characteristics, hemodynamic stability, respiratory function, and postoperative recovery. An evidence-based perspective is applied to the contemporary use of hypnotic, analgesic, sedative, and adjunctive pharmacological strategies, recognizing that anesthetic drug selection must account for both population-level evidence and clinically relevant patient heterogeneity. Particular emphasis is placed on precision-oriented approaches incorporating age, body composition, comorbidity, organ function, pharmacogenomic variability, concurrent medications, surgical complexity, and anticipated physiological perturbations into individualized anesthetic planning. Multimodal therapeutic strategies are examined as an important component of modern perioperative pharmacology, particularly through rational combinations of agents that may provide synergistic analgesic, hypnotic, antiemetic, and autonomic effects while reducing unnecessary exposure to individual drugs and potentially limiting dose-dependent adverse reactions. Within this framework, pharmacological optimization is conceptualized not merely as achieving adequate anesthesia but as balancing efficacy, safety, recovery quality, and preservation of physiological function across the entire perioperative trajectory. Pharmacosafety constitutes a central dimension of contemporary anesthetic pharmacology because general anesthesia frequently involves simultaneous administration of multiple pharmacologically active agents with overlapping cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, and metabolic effects. Accordingly, the assessment of drug–drug interactions, cumulative pharmacodynamic burden, dosing errors, adverse drug reactions, medication-related complications, and delayed recovery is essential for rational clinical decision-making. The discourse additionally addresses the pharmacological mechanisms underlying hypotension, respiratory depression, and postoperative nausea and vomiting, emergence disturbances, delirium, residual neuromuscular blockade, cardiovascular instability, and other clinically consequential adverse effects, while emphasizing evidence-informed strategies for their prevention and mitigation. Special consideration is given to the importance of appropriate agent selection, titration, monitoring, reversal strategies, and structured perioperative medication management. The synthesis further conceptualizes anesthetic pharmacology as an interdisciplinary field connecting molecular pharmacology, clinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenomics, perioperative medicine, patient safety, and evidence-based clinical practice. Emerging technologies, quantitative pharmacological modeling, depth-of-anesthesia monitoring, precision dosing approaches, artificial intelligence-assisted decision support, and increasingly individualized perioperative pathways may further transform anesthetic drug management. Nevertheless, technological sophistication does not eliminate the necessity for pharmacological judgment, critical appraisal of evidence, continuous physiological assessment, and individualized risk–benefit evaluation. The contemporary general anesthesia is best understood as a dynamic pharmacological system in which drug mechanisms, exposure, interactions, patient characteristics, monitoring, and clinical context collectively determine therapeutic outcomes. Reconfiguring anesthetic pharmacology around evidence-based medicine, precision pharmacotherapy, and pharmacosafety therefore provides a scientifically grounded framework for improving anesthetic efficacy, minimizing preventable medication-related harm, accelerating functional recovery, and advancing patient-centered perioperative care.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A CO-CREATIVE TOOL IN CONTEMPORARY GRAPHIC DESIGN EDUCATION

Turganbekov Dinmukhammed Maratuly — 2026-09-21

The rapid development of artificial intelligence is changing the nature of graphic design and the professional competencies required of future designers. Generative AI tools provide new opportunities for visual experimentation, concept development, image generation, and rapid prototyping. At the same time, the increasing use of AI raises an important educational question: how can these technologies support creativity without replacing fundamental design skills and independent thinking? This article examines artificial intelligence as a co-creative tool in contemporary graphic design education. The study is based on the analysis of current educational practices, student perceptions, and different approaches to AI integration. Particular attention is given to the relationship between human creativity and AI-generated content. The findings support a hybrid educational approach in which artificial intelligence complements traditional design methods and professional software. The article argues that future graphic designers need not only technical AI skills but also visual literacy, critical thinking, ethical awareness, and the ability to evaluate and refine AI-generated solutions.

THE STATUS OF LEISURE-TIME EDUCATORS AND THE VALUE OF SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN’S CLUBS IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

Erika Novotná — 2026-09-21

This paper analyzes the status of the leisure-time educator and the perceived value of children's school clubs in Slovakia, within the current educational system. The main objective of the study is to present the results of empirical research focused on mapping educators' opinions and attitudes regarding their professional status, professional identity, and the institutional integration of school clubs. The methodological framework is based on a mixed-methods design, with data collected via a questionnaire survey on a sample of 433 pedagogical professionals. The results reveal a persistent discrepancy between the high demands placed on the professional work of educators and their actual institutional or social recognition compared to regular classroom teachers. The analysis identifies key practical barriers as well as the potential of school clubs for the personal development of children. The discussion places these findings within the context of efforts to professionalize out-of-school education and emphasizes the necessity of building an equal partnership between formal education and non-formal education to ensure the holistic development of students.

Improving Georgian Maritime Student Listening Comprehension

Kristine Iakobadze — 2026-09-21

English is the language used in marine sector. Seafarers use Marine English while working in port administrations, shipping industries, etc. Marine English is a special language having its own linguistic features: specialized lexis, limited grammar, writing format. Maritime disasters mainly occur due to breakdown in communication and cooperation. So maritime students should develop their listening and speaking skills from the first years of studying at Maritime Academy. At Batumi State Maritime Academy much attention is devoted to teaching specialized lexis, marine terms, and developing writing, reading and speaking skills. Unfortunately, English language teachers do not pay enough attention to development of listening skills. Proper communication is impossible without understanding Marine English and having no listening abilities.
The objective of this paper is to show the importance of listening activities at English lessons. The present study also aims at investigating the approaches that English language teachers and marine students can follow. It also aims to emphasize development methods to improve listening comprehension English for marine students in Georgia. The paper explains how the teachers should teach required skill to marine students and develop communicative competence among them.
Observation showed that maritime students and sailors have problems in understanding the speech of foreigners. Misunderstanding and miscommunication can be caused by many factors: not knowing standard marine vocabulary (language barrier), not being aware of culture (cultural barrier), not being familiar with the accent, intonation or having difficulties following the speaker’s speech (pace of speech).

РОЛЬ РЕФЛЕКСИИ В РАЗВИТИИ НАВЫКОВ САМОРЕГУЛЯЦИИ НА УРОКАХ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ

Тлеулов Ербол Эрнстович — 2026-09-21

Система среднего образования Республики Казахстан строится на компетентностно-деятельностной основе, закреплённой ГОСО, утверждённым приказом Министра просвещения РК от 3 августа 2022 года № 348. Стандарт ориентирует процесс на достижение предметных, личностных и системно-деятельностных результатов, среди которых способность к самопознанию, самоконтролю и саморегуляции занимает центральное место. Для Назарбаев Интеллектуальных школ эти требования конкретизированы в NIS-Programme (Учебная программа по предмету «Физическая культура». Основная школа (6–10 классы), версия 2.1, 2025 г.), где формирование умения оценивать собственную деятельность, ставить цели и корректировать усилия является сквозной задачей.

Достижение этих результатов связано с критериальным оцениванием. Формативное оценивание по своей природе представляет собой организованную рефлексивную обратную связь: обучающийся не просто получает отметку, а совместно с учителем и сверстниками анализирует, в какой мере достигнута цель обучения, и определяет дальнейшие шаги. Таким образом, рефлексия заложена в логику оценивания NIS как её структурный элемент.

Физическая культура обладает особым потенциалом для реализации этой логики: двигательная деятельность требует постоянного контроля за телом, усилием, темпом, техникой и эмоциональным состоянием. Однако сама по себе двигательная активность не порождает навыков саморегуляции: учащийся может многократно повторять упражнение, не осмысляя ни цели, ни способов, ни причин успеха или неудачи. Превращение двигательного опыта в осознанный процесс происходит только при сопровождении деятельности рефлексией.

РАЗВИТИЕ МУЗЫКАЛЬНО-ТВОРЧЕСКИХ СПОСОБНОСТЕЙ УЧАЩИХСЯ НА УРОКАХ МУЗЫКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОБНОВЛЕНИЯ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

Елемесов Жеңісбек Асылжанұлы — 2026-09-21

В статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы развития музыкально-творческих способностей учащихся на уроках музыки в контексте обновления содержания образования. Автор анализирует современные подходы к организации музыкально-педагогического процесса, ориентированные на раскрытие творческого потенциала личности. Особое внимание уделяется практическим аспектам применения интерактивных методов и творческих заданий на уроках музыки. Обосновывается необходимость комплексного подхода к развитию музыкальных способностей, включающего восприятие, исполнительство и творчество. Приводятся примеры конкретных педагогических приёмов, направленных на активизацию творческой деятельности школьников. Статья адресована учителям музыки, преподавателям педагогических вузов, студентам музыкально-педагогических специальностей.

Teaching Based on Evidence in Medical Education: A Review of High-Value Teaching Methods

Absatarova Gulbanu Pernekulovna — 2026-09-21

The field of medical education is going through a basic and needed change. It is moving from old, time-based apprenticeships to frameworks focused on results and skills. At the center of this change is the use of teaching based on evidence (EBP), the careful use of teaching methods proven by research in the psychology of thinking, brain science, and the science of learning [1,2]. Medicine has long used evidence-based guidelines and randomized controlled trials to keep patients safe and make sure treatments work. But the educational systems that train future doctors are only now asking for the same level of strict science.
The old reliance on the "see one, do one, teach one" model of clinical exposure is increasingly seen as not enough for the complexity of modern healthcare [3,4]. As medical knowledge grows very fast, reliance on teaching methods based on gut feeling leads to big differences in the skills of graduates, too much cognitive load, and in the end, worse patient care [1–4]. Today, academic medicine must change the whole system. Lesson design and learning on your own must be guided strictly by data from research.
To meet the goal of creating a structural plan and giving a full analysis, this document is organized around a step-by-step framework. It goes from individual thinking processes to teaching in practice. By mapping the linked areas of cognitive load theory, retrieval practice, and active learning, this report gives a full review of high-value teaching methods designed to improve medical training.

Advances, Mechanisms, and Trends in Practical Teaching in Higher Education: A Literature Review with a Focus on Contextual Adaptation to Medical Education in Kazakhstan

Qaiyrkhan Gulsanat — 2026-09-21

As the goals of higher education have increasingly shifted from knowledge transmission toward broader competency development, practical teaching has attracted growing attention across different disciplines. However, practical teaching is not a single instructional method. Rather, it can be understood as an umbrella concept covering pedagogical approaches that connect theoretical knowledge with active application, problem solving, collaboration, reflection, and authentic or simulated practice. This review synthesizes research on major forms of practical teaching in higher education, including problem-based learning (PBL), case-based learning (CBL), team-based learning (TBL), simulation-based learning (SBL), flipped learning, and project-based learning (PjBL). Existing evidence generally indicates favorable associations between these approaches and academic performance, higher-order thinking, collaboration, and professional competencies, although the strength and consistency of findings vary across methods and contexts. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews provide relatively substantial evidence for active learning, simulation, flipped learning, and TBL, while evidence concerning PBL and CBL suggests potential benefits but also considerable methodological and contextual variation. The literature further indicates that learning outcomes depend not only on the instructional model itself but also on cognitive engagement, prior knowledge, instructor scaffolding, feedback, and alignment among learning objectives, learning activities, and assessment. Important limitations remain, including inconsistent conceptualizations of practical teaching, reliance on short-term outcomes and self-reported measures, limited investigation of underlying mechanisms, and insufficient evidence regarding contextual transfer. These issues are particularly relevant to medical education in Kazakhstan, where internationally developed pedagogical approaches need to be adapted to local curricular, institutional, technological, and faculty conditions. Drawing on international evidence and available Kazakhstan-based studies, this review proposes a contextualized framework for practical teaching in medical immunology, integrating CBL, short problem-based activities, flipped learning, simulation, and assessment alignment. Future research should examine not only whether practical teaching is associated with improved learning outcomes, but also how, under what conditions, and for which learners particular approaches produce meaningful and sustainable learning outcomes.

Pedagogical Monitoring as a Tool for Optimizing the Educational and Developmental Environment of a Higher Education Institution

Aizhan Kudaibergenova — 2026-09-21

This article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of pedagogical monitoring as a comprehensive tool for assessing and developing the educational space of higher educational institutions. The key components of the monitoring system, methodological approaches to its organization and implementation are presented. Special attention is paid to the integration of pedagogical monitoring into the structure of educational work, its role in creating a quality educational environment and students' personal development. Practical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of applying monitoring procedures in the context of modern higher education. [1,2,3]

Pedagogical Design

Tyo Andrey Yurievich — 2026-09-21

Pedagogical design is the preliminary development of the key details of the upcoming activities of students and educators. The pedagogical process is the primary object of design for the educator.

A new, developing field of knowledge, a way of interpreting pedagogical reality (A. P. Tryapitsyna)
An applied scientific field within pedagogy and organized practical activity, aimed at addressing tasks related to the development, transformation, and improvement of modern educational systems, as well as the resolution of contradictions within them (E. S. Zair-Bek)
a method for standardizing and transmitting pedagogical and research activities (N. A. Masyukova)

Stages of pedagogical design:

Pedagogical modeling (creating a model) involves formulating the goals (the general concept) for establishing pedagogical systems, processes, or situations, as well as the primary means of achieving them; this stage entails selecting the methodological system and instructional technology.
Pedagogical design (creating a project) involves further developing the established model and bringing it to the stage of practical application.
Pedagogical construction (creating a construct) involves further detailing the project to adapt it for use in specific conditions by the actual participants in the educational process. Structuring educational and pedagogical activities is a methodological task.