Water resource issues in Kazakhstan

Abstract

      The intricate variability of river runoff, along with its transboundary nature, compounds the prevailing water supply challenges. Moreover, Kazakhstan's downstream location in transboundary river basins creates a profound reliance on water-related activities within neighboring nations.

      To comprehend the evolving dynamics of river runoff in Kazakhstan, this study meticulously examines the interplay between climate and human influences. Employing a diverse array of methodologies, the research clarifies both present and future consequences, thereby establishing a vital foundation for formulating effective strategies towards sustainable water management.

      An in-depth assessment of human activities underscores a significant reduction of 16.0 km3∙y–1 in the Republic of Kazakhstan's river runoff resources. Looking ahead, projections indicate a sustained decline, potentially dwindling to 87.1 km3∙y–1 by 2030, and potentially dipping even lower during arid intervals. In response, a series of well-considered measures has been proposed to actively mitigate these impending reductions in water resources.