STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID SOLVENTS ON THE SYNTHESIS PROCESS

Abstract

            In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in research on the application of supercritical fluid technology in various industries, and supercritical fluids are replacing organic solvents due to their advantages. Supercritical fluids with low viscosity and high diffusivity can spread more easily into porous solids than liquids, and their solvating power can vary greatly with small changes in temperature or pressure.

            The fact that the solvation power in supercritical fluids can be adjusted due to the programming of certain physical parameters affects the selectivity of the product and the efficiency of the processes carried out with the participation of this type of solvents. Effective for separation or purification processes of heat-sensitive compounds, supercritical fluids are environmentally friendly solvents compared to organic solvents. Since they are inert solvents, hydrolysis, oxidation or decomposition reactions are not observed in the processes involving them [1].

            Another advantage of using supercritical fluids as a solvent is the extraction and reactions carried out with their participation (production of liquid fuel from solid fuel, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, evaluation of environmental waste, polymerization, organic synthesis, electrochemistry) faster than conventional liquid solvents [2]. Because the diffusion of solutes in other liquid solvents is slower.