CLINICAL ASPECTS OF ANESTHESIOLOGY IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER PATIENTS: MODERN APPROACHES

Abstract

: The perioperative period has recently emerged as a critical phase influencing both short-term recovery and long-term oncological outcomes in cancer patients. Modern evidence suggests that anesthetic management may affect tumor biology through modulation of immune responses, inflammatory pathways, neuroendocrine stress reactions, angiogenesis, and metastatic processes. This scientific and analytical work focuses on the impact of anesthetic agents, including propofol, volatile anesthetics, opioids, lidocaine, ketamine, and dexmedetomidine, on cancer recurrence and survival. The role of regional anesthesia and multimodal analgesia in preserving perioperative immune competence is also examined. Recent studies investigating perioperative immunosuppression, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, inflammatory biomarkers, and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are reviewed. Current evidence indicates that anesthetic interventions may influence biological mechanisms associated with tumor progression; however, the translation of experimental findings into consistent clinical benefits remains challenging. Large randomized controlled trials have not yet confirmed definitive superiority of any single anesthetic technique regarding long-term oncological outcomes. Nevertheless, optimization of perioperative care contributes significantly to improved recovery, reduced complications, and enhanced quality of life in cancer patients. Future research should focus on personalized perioperative oncology, integration of immunological biomarkers, and development of evidence-based anesthetic strategies that support both surgical success and oncological control