Mechanisms and ways to improve the quality of life of older people in the Republic of

Abstract

The goals and objectives set in the National Plan are to be implemented in accordance with the Action Plan to improve the situation of the older generation “Active Longevity” in the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2025 in accordance with the annex to this National Plan.

In the proposed document, the National Action Plan for Improving the Situation of Older Citizens “Active Longevity”, the following basic concept is used: active longevity of the country’s elderly people as a state of social, economic, physical and psychological well-being of older citizens, which provides them with the opportunity to meet their needs, engage in various spheres of society and is achieved with their active participation [1].

Quality of life is the satisfaction of human needs determined by culture and value system. “It is a broad concept that reflects a person's physical health, psychological state, level of autonomy, social relationships, personal beliefs and relationship with environmental features” (World Health Organization, 1994). In older ages, it is largely determined by the ability to maintain autonomy and independence in meeting needs and fully participating in the life of society.

Currently, there is a global trend of population aging, affecting almost all countries of the world. If in 2012 the share of pensioners in the world population was about 11%, then according to forecasts in 2050 it will increase to 22%. This problem is also relevant for the Republic of Kazakhstan. As of 2012, the number of residents of our country aged 60 years and older was 3.5 million people, or almost 19% of the total number of people living in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the future, aging will become even more widespread: according to the official demographic forecast, the proportion of the population aged 65 years and older will exceed 28% by 2030.

The socio-demographic group of elderly and old people is one of the most numerous and fastest growing. The number of people in the “third age” is increasing not only absolutely, but also relatively, resulting in a significant shift in the demographic structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan, like many other countries, towards pension groups.