Defining Logistics Efficiency for Landlocked Countries in Eurasia: Towards a Unified Metric

Abstract

Landlocked countries in Eurasia face distinct challenges in integrating into global trade networks due to infrastructural, geographical, and institutional limitations. This article proposes a unified metric framework to define and assess logistics efficiency tailored to landlocked states like Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan. Drawing from China-Kazakhstan cooperation, Belt and Road infrastructure projects, and empirical trade flow data, the study identifies critical performance indicators and systemic barriers. It further outlines a conceptual model to evaluate logistics efficiency that combines cost, time, infrastructure readiness, and policy harmonization.