Foundations and Trends in Research

THREE DROPS OF BLOOD: A PSYCHOLOGICAL DESCENT

2025-07-21T04:15:39+00:00

This article presents a systematic, quantitative examination of Sadegh Hedayat’s short story “Three Drops of Blood,” integrating content analysis, temporal and linguistic metrics, thematic coding, and reader‑response data to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its intense psychological impact. By segmenting the 912‑word narrative into 25 units, we demonstrate that 48 percent of the text employs visceral blood imagery, contrasting with 32 percent devoted to memory recall and 20 percent to setting description. We identify a precisely calibrated tripartite structure—marked by equidistant recurrences of the titular blood motif at words 78, 360, and 642—and confirm through sentence‑length statistics (mean 22.4 → 28.7 → 15.9 words) that Hidayet modulates narrative pacing to mirror the protagonist’s cognitive disintegration.

Using an inductive thematic coding approach (Cohen’s κ = 0.82), we quantify the predominance of Guilt (23.5 percent of text), Bodily Horror (21.7 percent), and other core themes. Computational analysis reveals an advanced readability level (Flesch–Kincaid 11.2) coupled with high lexical density (0.67) and minimal passive constructions (< 8 percent), reinforcing an active, immersive voice. Comparative metrics from “The Blind Owl” highlight the short story’s unique emphasis on corporeal motifs and dynamic pacing. Finally, a pilot survey (n = 45) confirms that blood‑related passages evoke significantly higher emotional arousal (M = 6.1 on a 7‑point scale) and correlate strongly (r = .72) with self‑reported anxiety. These findings substantiate “Three Drops of Blood” as a rigorously crafted exemplar of modernist psychological fiction.

NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE STRUGGLE IN THE CREATIVE WORK OF KHALIL RZA ULUTURK

2025-07-21T04:32:49+00:00

Khalil Rza entered Azerbaijani literature mainly as a poet, created epic-lyric works, and was engaged in translation work. A comprehensive study of the poet's work once again proves that he was not only a poet, but also an outstanding literary critic and scholar, and was also engaged in the study of poetic examples that emerged at a certain stage of Azerbaijani literature.

From an early age, X.R. Uluturk served the ideology of Turkism, Azerbaijanism, and independence, openly declaring his love for the Turks living in Anatolia and other regions. His behavior displeased the party and Soviet regime functionaries, and he was expelled from the Azerbaijan State Pedagogical Institute where he worked, and was out of sight for a long time. However, this attitude of Soviet officials towards him did not turn the poet from his path and profession, and he continued his activities and propaganda in the direction of Turkism and independence with great intensity

THE THEME OF COLONIALISM IN ENGLISH LITERATURE

2025-07-21T04:49:13+00:00

The literature on colonialism is vast and varied, reflecting the changing nature of the colonial problem. In most cases it consists of studies of individual colonizers or colonized groups, but a significant body of literature has also been developed dealing with general aspects of colonialism. A number of studies have been conducted to compare the aims pursued by states in their colonial policies, the success achieved in achieving these aims, and the administrative and other mechanisms employed. At either end of the spectrum, assessing the motives behind the acquisition of colonies and the forces leading to the current wave of decolonization presents a difficult landscape for investigation. Among the themes that regularly recur in the study of colonialism are: the relative values of direct and indirect rule, centralization and decentralization, different types of economic policies, the acceptability and impact of white settlement, various types of pressures to assist in the recruitment of labor, and the scope and nature of the educational system

Azerbaijan's Foreign Policy Architecture: Regional and Global Geopolitical Weight

2025-07-21T03:53:25+00:00

This article analyzes Azerbaijan’s foreign policy architecture in a regional and global geopolitical context. Azerbaijan, thanks to its rich energy resources and strategic location, has emerged as a regional power in the South Caucasus, while also increasing its international influence through multifaceted diplomacy and balancing policy. The article emphasizes the principles of sovereignty, multipolarity, and regional cooperation, based on the country’s 2018 and 2022 foreign policy concepts. Azerbaijan’s relations with its neighbors Armenia, Georgia, as well as regional powers Turkey, Iran, and Russia are analyzed in accordance with modern geopolitical dynamics. At the same time, the country’s growing role in global platforms such as the European Union, the United States, China, and the Non-Aligned Movement is focused on. Energy and transport projects (TANAP, TAP, Central Corridor, North–South and East–West routes) ensure Azerbaijan’s transformation into a major transit country in regional integration and global trade.

The article also discusses post-war diplomatic opportunities and risks, the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war, and Azerbaijan's multifaceted and balanced foreign policy strategy in the global power competition. As a result, Azerbaijan's transformation from a regional power to a global actor, its strategic stability, and its opportunities for flexible diplomatic maneuvers are emphasized. The importance of sustainable peace initiatives, partnerships, and active participation in international organizations in the future comes to the fore.

Моделі емпатійно-партисипативної підготовки майбутнього вчителя

2025-07-21T03:42:00+00:00

Партиципаторні педагогічні підходи є основною рушійною силою перетворення індивідуальних навчальних подорожей студентів на більш активні, приємні та ефективні. Партиципаторна педагогіка мотивує студентів охоче та активно брати участь у своєму навчанні та брати на себе відповідальність за свою освітню подорож. Цей зсув у педагогіці впливає на зарахування, успішність та утримання студентів у навчанні. З огляду на цю реальність, у цьому розділі досліджуються основні аспекти партиципаторної педагогіки. Після аналізу відповідної літератури стає очевидним, що впровадження партисипативної педагогіки в освітню практику надає можливості для розвитку критичного мислення, креативності, співпраці, комунікації, здібностей до вирішення проблем та навчання протягом усього життя у вчителів та учнів.

Methods of formation of students' communicative culture in a digital educational environment

2025-07-21T03:57:31+00:00

Мақалада цифрлық білімдік ортада студенттердің коммуникативтік мәдениетін қалыптастырудың әдістемесін дайындаудың маңыздылығы қарастырылған. ЖОО жағдайында студенттердің цифрлық білімдік ортадағы коммуникативтік мәдениетін қалыптастыру үшін элективті оқу курсы, «Цифрлық ортадағы қауіпсіз мінез-құлық: конфликтіні диалогқа алмастыру техникасы» атты кейстер, ойындар мен жаттығулардан құралған тренинг бағдарламасы, коммуникация модельдері негізінде сапалы қарым-қатынасты құру, ақпаратты сыни талдау және М.Б. Розенбергтің NVC әдісі негізінде хабарламаны құру іскерлігін қалыптастыруға арналған жұмыс бағыттарын қамтитын әдістеме ұсынылған.

Мақала AP19679344 «ЖОО-да оқытушылар мен студенттердің желілік коммуникативтік мәдениеті мен цифрлық этикетін қалыптастырудың ғылыми-әдістемелік негіздерін зерттеу» тақырыбындағы Қазақстан Республикасы Ғылым және жоғары білім министрлігі Ғылым комитетінің гранттық жобасы аясында жарияланды.

‘LISTEING AND DOING’ ACTIVITIES IN THE CLASSROOM

2025-07-21T04:23:37+00:00

This article is about how 'listening and doing' activities help children to acquire English by listening to instructions, to be active and enjoy doing things in English, to use non-verbal clues (e.g. gestures), to interpret meanings, to get used to understanding general meaning, to prepare for spoken interaction, to absorb good pronunciation and intonation patterns. For achieving this aim here are discussed some activities and games for vocabulary development and grammatical awareness as well. For example, ‘Listening and identifying’, ‘Listening and doing - TPR’, ‘Listening and performing – miming’, ‘Listening and responding’ games

METHODOLOGY OF PEDAGOGICAL RESEARCH

2025-07-21T04:53:10+00:00

Pedagogical research is understood as the process of scientific activity and its results to obtain new knowledge about the regularities, principles, structure, content, technology, etc. of education, training and upbringing. Pedagogical research explains and analyzes facts and phenomena, makes generalizations, draws conclusions, prepares recommendations, and predicts facts and phenomena. Pedagogical research is of a fundamental, applied, and operational nature according to its direction. As a result of fundamental research, generalized concepts are developed. These concepts summarize the theoretical and practical achievements of pedagogy or develop a model of development of pedagogical systems on a prognostic basis. Applied research is carried out with the aim of studying in depth individual aspects of the pedagogical process, revealing the regularities of multilateral pedagogical practice. By studies, we mean substantiating specific scientific and practical recommendations taking into account known theoretical provisions. Any pedagogical research, including dissertation work, involves determining generally accepted methodological parameters. The main criteria for the quality of pedagogical research are its relevance, novelty, theoretical and practical significance.

THEORY AND PRACTICAL ISSUES OF MODERN PEDAGOGICAL TERMINOLOGY

2025-07-21T04:55:59+00:00

The specifics of pedagogical terminology are determined by the sources of formation of pedagogical concepts and terms. There are two ways to approach this aspect in the scientific and pedagogical literature. The first way is characterized by the direct formation of pedagogical concepts. All sources are divided into two groups: natural and artificial. In the group of natural sources, concepts arise spontaneously (various forms of everyday life, practical activity), in the group of artificial sources, concepts arise in the process of scientific-practical, as well as scientific-methodological activity. The third source of the formation of concepts is the field of management. All three groups interact.

In Azerbaijani pedagogical terminology, terms that arise due to the internal capabilities of the language and are borrowed from various languages (Greek, Latin, Russian, Arabic, Persian, English, etc.) are used. At the modern level of pedagogical terminology, international pedagogical terms also prevail

BIBLIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL ISSUES IN PREVENTING BULLYING AMONG YOUTH

2025-07-21T05:02:55+00:00

This study presents a comprehensive bibliographic analysis of scholarly publications focused on the social aspects of youth bullying prevention. Drawing on 900 peer-reviewed articles indexed in the Scopus database (2004-2024), the research systematically examines the thematic structure, theoretical orientations, publication trends, and influential contributions within the field. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative mapping and qualitative content analysis, the study identifies five major thematic clusters: school environment and peer relationships, adolescent development and behavioral risk, mental health outcomes and coping mechanisms, gender, identity, and structural discrimination, as well as macro-social determinants including poverty, migration, and cultural context. The findings reveal a steady increase in scholarly attention, a shift from individual-centered to socially grounded models of prevention, and a growing emphasis on interdisciplinary, culturally sensitive, and rights-based approaches. The analysis also highlights the relevance of international experience for countries like Kazakhstan, where national research on bullying remains limited. This study makes a significant contribution to both academic scholarship and the development of evidence-based, socially responsive educational policy and practice.

Мониторинг состояния подземных вод с помощью датчиков мутности

2025-07-21T04:28:39+00:00

В данной статье автор пишет о дистанционном мониторинге качества воды в различных ее сценариях с помощью датчиков мутности Системы «Smart Water». Приводятся характеристики датчика, его применение, установка, а также использование. Описываются процедура калибровки, процессы калибровочных решений датчиков и процесс измерения мутности воды. Приводятся примеры

АҚПАРАТТЫҚ ҚАУІПСІЗДІКТІ БАҚЫЛАУ ҚҰРАЛДАРЫМЕН SIEM ЖҮЙЕЛЕРІНДЕ АҚПАРАТТЫ ҚОРҒАУДЫҢ АВТОМАТТАНДЫРЫЛҒАН ӘДІСІН ЗЕРТТЕУ ЖӘНЕ ТАЛДАУ

2025-07-21T05:26:09+00:00

Бұл мақалада SIEM жүйелері (ақпараттық қауіпсіздік пен қауіпсіздік оқиғаларын басқару жүйелері) аясында ақпаратты қорғау әдістері қарастырылады, әрі бұл процесте ақпараттық қауіпсіздікті бақылау құралдарын қолдану жолдарына жан-жақты шолу жасалады. Ақпараттық қауіпсіздікке төнетін қауіп-қатерлердің күннен-күнге күрделенуіне байланысты, SIEM жүйелері заманауи ұйымдар үшін қауіпсіздікті қамтамасыз етудің маңызды және ажырамас құралына айналып отыр. Мұндай жүйелер кибершабуылдар мен инциденттерге қатысты мәліметтерді жинауға, оларды сараптап, жедел әрекет етуге мүмкіндік береді. Осы шолу арқылы ұйымдар ақпараттық қауіпсіздік жүйесін жетілдіру үшін SIEM платформасында тиімді қорғаныс әдістерін таңдап, ендіруге негізделген әрі тиімді шешімдер қабылдай алады

THE GEOSTRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF THE ZANGEZUR CORRIDOR IN ENHANCING INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVENESS IN AZERBAIJAN

2025-07-21T03:30:44+00:00

The Zangezur Corridor is a key transport and logistics project that connects Azerbaijan with the Nakhchivan exclave and the wider Eurasian region. It has substantial ramifications for the trade dynamics of the region as well as the industrial competitiveness of the region. The geostrategic relevance of the corridor, its ability to encourage industrial development in Azerbaijan, and its connection with national economic policies are all topics that are investigated in this study. The study highlights how the Zangezur Corridor may transform Azerbaijan's role in Eurasian connectivity and improve firm-level competitiveness through enhanced market access, logistics efficiency, and supply chain integration. The study draws on international comparisons, economic data, and geopolitical analysis to illustrate its findings

ECOSYSTEM APPROACH IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE PRISM OF INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES (LESSONS FOR KAZAKHSTAN)

2025-07-21T03:36:44+00:00

With the advancement of digital technologies and the emergence of Industry 5.0, the role of personnel management systems is evolving significantly. A growing body of recent research highlights the need to approach these systems through the lens of human-centricity, viewing them as dynamic ecosystems that align with an organization’s strategic development priorities.

This article explores key trends and case studies of international companies to derive insights and recommendations for the development of Kazakhstan’s public sector. The primary objective of the study is to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of contemporary research on the human-centric approach to personnel management.

The findings offer a clear conceptual model for human resource management within Kazakhstan's civil service, integrating best practices from leading global organizations. Additionally, the study examines key lessons learned from international companies, providing valuable insights for enhancing personnel management in the public sector.

Defining Logistics Efficiency for Landlocked Countries in Eurasia: Towards a Unified Metric

2025-07-21T04:58:55+00:00

Landlocked countries in Eurasia face distinct challenges in integrating into global trade networks due to infrastructural, geographical, and institutional limitations. This article proposes a unified metric framework to define and assess logistics efficiency tailored to landlocked states like Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan. Drawing from China-Kazakhstan cooperation, Belt and Road infrastructure projects, and empirical trade flow data, the study identifies critical performance indicators and systemic barriers. It further outlines a conceptual model to evaluate logistics efficiency that combines cost, time, infrastructure readiness, and policy harmonization.

BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT BASED ON QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

2025-07-21T05:49:02+00:00

The article explores the theoretical and practical aspects of business process management, with a focus on quality management systems (QMS). The relevance of this topic is due to the need for organizations to enhance their operational efficiency and competitiveness in the era of digital transformation. The objective of this study is to examine approaches to integrating QMS into business processes and identify factors that contribute to their sustainable improvement.

In this work, we employ methods such as content analysis, comparative analysis, and case studies. Through an examination of international case studies from companies like Siemens and Samsung, as well as a review of Kazakhstani enterprises, we demonstrate that successful QMS implementation requires a systematic approach, active management involvement, and a commitment to continuous improvement.

Our analysis reveals variations in the level of QMS maturity across different countries and corporate cultures. The analysis leads to the realization that it is essential to tailor quality standards to the specific context of the organization and to seamlessly integrate the QMS into the organization's strategic framework in order to foster sustainable progress and foster innovation

Impact des chocs sur la productivité globale des facteurs et dynamiques des fluctuations économiques à Madagascar : une analyse par un modèle DSGE de type cycle réel (RBC)

2025-07-21T05:52:55+00:00

In a context of persistent macroeconomic instability, this study investigates the impact of total factor productivity (TFP) shocks on economic fluctuations in Madagascar. Using a Real Business Cycle (RBC) variant of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model, we analyze the response of key macroeconomic variables (output, consumption, investment, employment) to an exogenous productivity shock. The parameter values of the model are determined through Bayesian estimation based on empirical data from Madagascar. Results show that TFP shocks play a critical role in driving cyclical dynamics, especially through investment and labor channels. These findings highlight the importance of economic policies aimed at improving productivity to foster long-term, stable growth.

ON SOME ASPECTS OF THE COMPETITIVENES OF GEORGIAN WINE-PRODUCING COMPANIES

2025-07-21T05:56:26+00:00

The Georgian wine industry has gained increasing global recognition due to its unique cultural heritage, indigenous grape varieties, and ancient winemaking traditions, particularly the use of the “Qvevri” method. This paper assesses the competitiveness of Georgian wine producers in the international market and explores strategic development pathways to ensure sustainable growth. Through analysis of export dynamics, market diversification, and internal capabilities, the study identifies key strengths such as differentiated product offerings, rising demand in premium segments, and growing export volumes. However, several systemic challenges remain, including certification barriers for small producers, logistical and regulatory constraints, limited branding and marketing resources, human capital shortages, and geopolitical risks in key markets. The paper proposes strategic recommendations across multiple dimensions—quality management, branding and digital marketing, geographic diversification, innovation and digital transformation, and workforce development. Ultimately, enhancing the global competitiveness of Georgian wine requires a shift from reliance on cultural heritage alone toward evidence-based, future-oriented strategies capable of securing a resilient and prominent position in global wine markets.

Temporal Dynamics as a Driver of Cosmological Expansion: A Physically Structured Alternative to Dark Energy

2025-07-21T04:18:36+00:00

Cosmological expansion is commonly attributed to dark energy—a hypothetical component believed to permeate space and generate repulsive pressure. Yet its physical nature remains undetected, and its ontological status continues to invite debate.
This paper introduces an alternative framework: the Temporal Theory of Gravity (TTG), which treats time as an active physical field characterized by density \rho_t, flow velocity v_t, and intrinsic pressure P_t. In this paradigm, cosmic expansion emerges from the acceleration of temporal flow itself, reproducing observed phenomena without invoking vacuum energy or scalar fields.
A time-dependent metric is constructed, field equations for temporal dynamics are formulated, and the model’s predictions are shown to be observationally testable—including temporal redshift, inflation modeled as a phase transition in time density, B-mode patterns in the cosmic microwave background, and gravitational wave signals arising from temporal field gradients.
TTG reframes space as a geometric derivative of time and energy as a consequence of temporal asymmetry. It thus establishes the foundations of temporal cosmology: a falsifiable paradigm in which the geometry of time gives rise to matter, space, and cosmic expansion.

ANALYSIS OF PRE-ANALYTICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACCURACY OF SEROLOGICAL TESTS IN DIAGNOSTICS OF HEPATITIS B AND C

2025-07-21T03:47:56+00:00

Serological diagnostic methods for viral hepatitis B and C play a key role in the early detection, monitoring and control of infections that pose a significant threat to public health. In conditions of the widespread occurrence of these diseases and the high probability of chronization of the infectious process, it is extremely important to ensure high accuracy and reproducibility of laboratory results. The preanalytical stage has a significant impact on the reliability of serological studies, including the correct organization of blood collection, the choice of the type of tubes, compliance with transportation conditions, temperature storage conditions, as well as time intervals between sampling and analysis. Errors at this stage can lead to false negative or false positive results, which will lead to incorrect clinical tactics, delayed initiation of treatment, and potential risks to others..

The purpose of this study is a comprehensive analysis of preanalytical factors that can affect the reliability of serological tests in the diagnosis of hepatitis B and C. The work included an assessment of common disorders at the preanalytical stage and their impact on the final diagnostic results. The data obtained confirm the need to develop and implement clearly regulated standard operating procedures aimed at minimizing errors up to the analytical stage. This will not only improve the accuracy of diagnosis, but also improve the overall quality of laboratory diagnostic care for patients

LUNG CANCER: MODERN POSSIBILITIES AND PROSPECTS

2025-07-21T05:30:30+00:00

this scientific and analytical work presents modern world and local-regional data on incidence, mortality, lethality and five-year survival rate of such a common oncological pathology as lung cancer. The issues of etiology and pathogenesis, features of distribution, modern principles of diagnostics, including screening, as well as prognosis are covered in detail. The epidemiological characteristics of this pathology in our republic are given in the context of regions of the country.

BREAST CANCER:MODERN REALITIES AND TRENDS

2025-07-21T05:36:42+00:00

This scientific and analytical work presents modern global and local-regional data on incidence, mortality, lethality and five-year survival of the most common oncological pathology, such as breast cancer. The issues of etiology and pathogenesis, features of distribution, modern principles of diagnostics, including screening, as well as prognosis, preventive measures of this formidable disease are covered in detail. The epidemiological characteristics of this pathology in our republic are given in the context of the regions of the country

ДОСТУПНАЯ И ЭФФЕКТИВНАЯ СИСТЕМА ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ КАК УСЛОВИЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ И БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ ВСЕХ ЛЮДЕЙ

2025-07-21T05:42:16+00:00

Статья посвящена анализу одной из ключевых задач современного общества — обеспечению здоровья и благополучия людей всех возрастов через создание безопасной, доступной и эффективной системы здравоохранения. Рассматриваются основные аспекты государственной политики в области медицины, включая равный доступ к медицинским услугам, профилактическую направленность системы здравоохранения и её роль в устойчивом развитии. Автор подчёркивает значимость здоровья как фундаментальной ценности и ресурса, влияющего на экономику, социальную стабильность и качество жизни населения. В статье приводятся примеры международных и национальных стратегий, успешных реформ, а также рассматриваются альтернативные взгляды на проблему, что позволяет сформировать целостное представление о вызовах и перспективах развития здравоохранения

ЭФФЕКТИВНАЯ СИСТЕМА ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ КАК БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЕ НАЦИИ

2025-07-21T05:46:10+00:00

В статье рассматривается роль эффективной системы здравоохранения как стратегического ресурса для обеспечения благополучия нации. Раскрываются экономические, социальные и институциональные аспекты влияния здравоохранения на развитие человеческого капитала, снижение социального неравенства и укрепление устойчивости общества к глобальным вызовам. Особое внимание уделено значению профилактики, цифровизации и охраны психического здоровья в формировании современной модели медицинской помощи. Анализируются примеры международной и казахстанской практики, обосновывающие необходимость системного подхода к реформированию здравоохранения