ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS

Abstract

The first definition of artificial intelligence (AI) was given by one of its founding fathers, Marvin Minsky, who described it as "the science of how to make machines do things that require the use of intelligence when people do them." From that time artificial intelligence has evolved a lot and has been implemented in all spheres of life.

Artificial intelligence is one of the fastest growing areas of technological development. And yet today, even the most sophisticated AI models use only "narrow—purpose artificial intelligence" - the most basic of the three types of AI. The other two types are still the subject of science fiction and currently do not find practical application. However, given the growth rate of computer science over the past 50 years, it is difficult to say where the future development of AI will lead us.

ANI, also known as "weak" AI, exists today. Although the tasks that a weak AI can perform can be performed using very complex algorithms and neural networks, they nevertheless remain isolated and goal-oriented. Facial recognition, Internet search, and self—driving cars are all examples of narrow-purpose AI. It is classified as weak not because it lacks scale and power, but because it is still far from having the human components that we attribute to real intelligence. Philosopher John Searle defines weak AI as "useful for testing the hypothesis of minds, but not actually being a mind."