SYNTHESIS OF ION-EXCHANGE RESINS

Abstract

Ion-exchange resins are insoluble, high-molecular compounds that contain functional ionogenic groups capable of participating in ion-exchange reactions with ions in solution. Some types of ion-exchangers also possess complexation capabilities, redox reactivity, and the physical ability to adsorb various compounds.

Ion-exchangers can have gel-type, porous, or intermediate structures. Gel-type ion-exchangers lack porosity and exhibit ion-exchange capacity only when swollen. In contrast, porous ion-exchangers have a well-developed surface due to their porosity, enabling ion-exchange in both swollen and unswollen states. While gel-type ion-exchangers typically possess higher exchange capacities, they are generally inferior to porous ones in terms of osmotic stability, chemical resistance, and thermal durability.

Ion-exchange resins find extensive applications in industrial water purification, removal of heavy metals, and in diverse sectors such as chemistry, energy, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, and food processing.