HISTORY OF URBAN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURAL TRADITIONS: ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF BAKU

Abstract

The historical development of urban planning and architectural traditions in Azerbaijan is analyzed through the case of Baku city. The study examines geographical, economic, and cultural factors influencing the formation of urban processes. In the medieval period, traditional urban models developed based on defense and social organization principles. In the 19th–20th centuries, the rapid growth of the oil industry led to intensive urbanization in Baku, significantly transforming its planning structure and architectural style. In the modern period, urban development is characterized by sustainable planning strategies, preservation of historical heritage, and the implementation of innovative approaches. The article evaluates the transformation of the urban environment and its socio-economic impacts in a comprehensive manner.