SCIENTIFIC BASIS AND APPLICATION OF CONTROL AND DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS IN GAS TURBINE ENGINES

Abstract

Gas turbine engines (GTE) are considered one of the main power units of modern energy and transport systems and are widely used in aviation, maritime transport, electricity generation and industrial applications. In order for these engines to operate with high reliability, durability and safety, it is of great importance to establish control and diagnostic systems on a scientific basis. The control system performs functions such as regulating engine modes, optimal fuel consumption, protecting turbomachinery components from thermal and mechanical loads, as well as ensuring dynamic stability. Control in modern gas turbines is carried out using electronic digital control units (FADEC – Full Authority Digital Engine Control). These systems measure engine operating parameters in real time and provide automatic adaptive control.

Diagnostic systems provide monitoring of the technical condition of the engine, early detection of malfunctions and assessment of the residual resource. Vibration analysis, thermographic control, gas flow chemical analysis and model-based diagnostic methods allow detecting potential damage to the engine. The application of these systems creates conditions for reducing maintenance costs, minimizing accident risks and increasing operational reliability. At the same time, artificial intelligence-based predictive diagnostics (PHM – Prognostics and Health Management) technologies accelerate the transition to digital control of gas turbine engines.

The study shows that an integrated control and diagnostic approach increases the energy efficiency of gas turbine engines, extends their service life and increases the level of safety in the process of technical operation.