Assessment of climatic parameters of the river basin Ile

Abstract

Climate change and increasing demand for water will put additional stress on the region’s groundwater resources, which are already experiencing severe stress in some areas due to increases in demand for irrigation.

At the national level, identified priorities to accelerate water–climate action include: enhancing water governance and water productivity to manage competition between the water needs of agriculture, energy, industry, cities, and ecosystems; promoting nature-based solutions that can curb emissions and increase resilience; and integrating climate change and DRR across the entire project and policy cycle. Regional cooperation on investment and information, as well as on institutional areas such as governance, capacity, and partnerships, is urgently needed in Asia’s transboundary basins (UN WWDR, 2020).

More than 44 percent of Kazakhstan's river flow is formed on the territory of other countries, so the deficit will arise primarily due to intensive water use in neighboring countries. Unfortunately, the scale of Kazakhstan's own irrational water use is similar to other countries. Climate change is exacerbating its effects, resulting in reduced availability of river water. The consequences are manifold: the average annual air temperature increases; in winter, the number and duration of thaws increases and the depth of ground freezing decreases, which leads to melt water escaping into the soil instead of filling rivers; and a warm spring causes water to evaporate and enter the atmosphere instead of flowing into reservoirs. This leads to changes in river regimes (UNDP, 2021).