Ways of development of handicrafts in Kazakhstan as a type of creative industries

Abstract

Handicraft production, as a key branch of ancient societies, played an important role in both nomadic and settled agricultural communities, providing the population with necessary items. In nomadic communities, the main types of crafts included leather and wool processing, the manufacture of yurts and wagons, blacksmithing, metallurgy, wood and bone processing, as well as jewelry craft. Pottery, glassmaking, carpet weaving, jewelry, blacksmithing and weaving flourished in cities and settled towns.

Leather and wool processing was considered one of the oldest branches of handicraft production. Each nomad could usually make the necessary items himself, but there were specialized craftsmen in the communities who supervised this work, especially in important projects such as the creation of yurts. Many items, ranging from yurt coverings to clothing items, were made of felt. The nomads also used felt for various needs, including boots, caps, and even wall protection during a siege.

Artisans specialized in making various items, including clothes made of processed leather, as well as structures for yurts and carts, often decorating them with wooden carvings. Metallurgy also occupied an important place in handicraft production, with the development of mines and the production of metal products such as weapons, tools and jewelry.