The Ethnogenesis and Ethnic History of Proto-Kazakhs during the Golden Horde Era
Keywords:
Ethnogenesis, proto-Kazakhs, Golden Horde, migration, culture, language, khanatesAbstract
This article discusses the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of proto-Kazakhs during the Golden Horde period (13th-15th centuries), which laid the foundation for the formation of the Kazakh nation. During this time, processes emerged that defined the language, culture, territory, and identity of future Kazakhs. The article analyzes these aspects and examines the decisive role of the Golden Horde in forming the proto-Kazakhs’ ethnic identity. Topics include migration influences, interactions with other Turkic-speaking groups, adoption of Islam, spread of urban culture elements from the Golden Horde, and political shifts due to weakening central authority, all shaping the proto-Kazakhs' foundations for the Kazakh people
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