THE SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE OF KEY ISSUE ASPECTS OF FEATURES OF CANDIDA PROBLEMS, ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS RESISTANCE CONCERNS, MYCOTOXICOLOGY ISSUES, MYCOECOLOGY, BIOSAFETY RISKS AND EMERGING SOLUTIONS

Authors

  • Nodar Sulashvili MD, PhD, Doctor of Medicine In Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Invited Lecturer (Invited Professor) of Scientific Research-Skills Center at Tbilisi State Medical University; Professor of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology of International School of Medicine at Alte University; Professor of Pharmacology of Faculty of Medicine at Georgian National University SEU; Associate Affiliated Professor of Medical Pharmacology of Faculty of Medicine at Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani University; Associate Professor of Pharmacology of Pharmacy Program at Shota Meskhia Zugdidi State University; Associate Professor of Medical Pharmacology at School of Medicine at David Aghmashenebeli University of Georgia; Associate Professor of Biochemistry and Pharmacology Direction of School of Health Sciences at the University of Georgia; Associate Professor of Pharmacology of Faculty of Medicine at East European University; Associate Professor of Pharmacology of Faculty of Dentistry and Pharmacy at Tbilisi Humanitarian Teaching University; Tbilisi, Georgia; Researcher of Department of Pharmaceutical Management of Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia. Orcid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9005-8577
  • Nana Gorgaslidze MD, PhD, Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academician , Professor of Tbilisi State Medical University, Head of The Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Tbilisi, Georgia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4563-5224
  • Margarita Beglaryan MD, PhD, Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academician, Professor of Yerevan State Medical University After Mkhitar Heratsi, Head of the Department of Pharmaceutical Management, Yerevan, Armenia; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3697-6390
  • Luiza Gabunia MD, PhD, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Director of the Scientific Research-Skills Center at Tbilisi State Medical University, Professor, Head of the Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology at Tbilisi State Medical University, Clinical Pharmacologist of The First University Clinic of Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0856-2684
  • Nato Alavidze MD, PhD, Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor of Akaki Tsereteli State University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Kutaisi, Georgia. Professor, Dean Faculty of Medicine at East European University, Tbilisi, Georgia. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6695-5924
  • Nino Abuladze MD, PhD, Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor of Akaki Tsereteli State University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Kutaisi, Georgia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2189-7470
  • Marina Giorgobiani MD, PhD, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Tbilisi State Medical University, Faculty of Public Health; Department of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Tbilisi, Georgia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0686-5227
  • Marika Sulashvili MD, Doctor of Family Medicine, Invited Lecturer of Tbilisi State Medical University, Lecturer of Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Invited Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular and Medical Genetics at The University of Georgia. Tbilisi, Georgia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-4262
  • Tamar Okropiridze MD, PhD, Doctor Medical Sciences, Academician, Professor of the Division of Dentistry of International School of Medicine at Alte University; Professor of Teaching University Geomedi, Head of The Dental Educational Program, Head of the Department of Dentistry, Invited Professor of Dentistry Department of The School of Health Sciences at The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
  • Lali Patsia MD, PhD, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Doctor Cardiologist at Republican Hospital, Invited Professor of Tbilisi State Medical University, Professor of Ken Walker international University, Professor of International School of Medicine at Alte University, Professor of Faculty of Medicine at Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Keywords:

Candida, antifungal drugs resistances, mycotoxicology, mycoecology, biosafety challenges

Abstract

Candida species represent a significant concern in medical and environmental mycology due to their pathogenic potential, antifungal resistance, and impact on human health. This discourse explores key aspects of Candida-related challenges, focusing on antifungal drug resistance, mycotoxin production, ecological interactions, and biosafety concerns. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Candida strains, including Candida auris, has heightened the urgency of developing novel therapeutic strategies. Additionally, the role of mycotoxins in fungal pathogenicity and host interactions remains a critical area of investigation. From a mycoecological perspective, understanding Candida’s environmental reservoirs and transmission pathways is essential for effective infection control. Furthermore, biosafety challenges associated with Candida research, including laboratory containment and clinical risk mitigation, necessitate rigorous safety protocols. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of these critical issues, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary approaches to tackle Candida-related threats in both clinical and ecological settings. Candida species are opportunistic fungal pathogens that pose significant challenges in clinical and environmental mycology due to their evolving drug resistance, pathogenicity, and ecological persistence. This review delves into critical aspects of Candida-related concerns, including antifungal drug resistance, mycotoxicological implications, mycoecological dynamics, and biosafety challenges. The alarming rise in antifungal resistance, particularly in Candida auris and other non-albicans Candida species, has complicated treatment regimens, necessitating the development of novel antifungal agents and alternative therapeutic strategies. The molecular mechanisms driving resistance, such as efflux pump overexpression, biofilm formation, and genetic mutations in drug target sites, are explored in detail. Furthermore, the potential role of mycotoxins in Candida pathogenicity, virulence modulation, and host immune evasion remains an underexplored yet critical dimension of fungal infections. From a mycoecological perspective, Candida species exhibit remarkable adaptability in diverse environments, ranging from hospital surfaces to natural ecosystems, facilitating their persistence and transmission. The study of Candida's ecological niches is essential for understanding its epidemiology and devising effective infection control measures. Biosafety concerns associated with Candida research and management are also addressed, highlighting the risks posed by emerging multidrug-resistant strains and the necessity for stringent laboratory safety protocols. Advances in diagnostic technologies, surveillance strategies, and antifungal stewardship programs are crucial for mitigating the growing threats posed by Candida infections. The discourse aims to provide a comprehensive scientific analysis of these key issues, emphasizing the urgent need for interdisciplinary approaches in combating Candida-related challenges. The integration of clinical research, environmental microbiology, and molecular biology will be pivotal in addressing the multifaceted threats posed by Candida species to public health and ecological stability. The emerging research into host–pathogen interactions, immune responses, and genomic characterization is providing novel insights into Candida biology and resistance mechanisms. Advanced molecular diagnostic tools are now enabling earlier detection of drug-resistant isolates, while innovative approaches targeting biofilm disruption and host immune modulation offer promising avenues for improved therapeutic outcomes. This extended discourse underscores the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaboration, integrating clinical research, environmental microbiology, and molecular biology to develop effective preventive and treatment strategies. Such concerted efforts are vital for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with Candida infections and enhancing biosafety in both healthcare and research settings.

Published

2025-03-03

How to Cite

Nodar Sulashvili, Nana Gorgaslidze, Margarita Beglaryan, Luiza Gabunia, Nato Alavidze, Nino Abuladze, Marina Giorgobiani, Marika Sulashvili, Tamar Okropiridze, & Lali Patsia. (2025). THE SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE OF KEY ISSUE ASPECTS OF FEATURES OF CANDIDA PROBLEMS, ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS RESISTANCE CONCERNS, MYCOTOXICOLOGY ISSUES, MYCOECOLOGY, BIOSAFETY RISKS AND EMERGING SOLUTIONS. Modern Scientific Method, (9). Retrieved from https://ojs.publisher.agency/index.php/MSM/article/view/5423

Issue

No. 9 (2025): Modern Scientific Method

Section

Medical Sciences

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.