Clinicoepidemiological Findings and Complication Management in Preterm Birth

Abstract

Preterm labor is defined as the onset of labor before 37 weeks gestation and is a clinical symptom accompanied by many pathogenic causes.The etiology is multifactorial and complex. This is not normal premature birth, but an independent syndrome with specific characteristics(1,2). Sometimes the mother, placenta, and fetus are involved to varying degrees. The exact mechanism is unknown.Uterine contractions that cause preterm labor are coordinated uterine contractions that cause a gradual change (removal and/or dilation) of the cervix before 37 weeks gestation. Preterm labor, on the other hand, is a rhythmic contraction of the uterus that does not cause any changes in the cervix.(3,4,5) In 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined prematurity as the birth of a newborn weighing less than 2500 g. The main problem that emerged was that many newborns with heterogeneous fetal development were labeled as preterm. Thus, in 1960, Battaglia and Lubchenco used measurements on a large population of newborns to establish principles of fetal development.Preterm birth, based on birth weight, is subdivided into “low birth weight” < 2500 g, “low birth weight” < 1500 g (approx. 1–1.5% of newborns), and “extremely low birth weight” < 1500 g) 1000 g (this category includes 0.7% of all live births). A preterm baby is a baby born less than 37 weeks gestational age. A very preterm baby is a baby born at a lower gestational age at 32 weeks gestation.Preterm birth is subdivided into automatic preterm birth due to preterm labor, with an incidence of 35% of unknown etiology, 25% of cases due to premature rupture of membranes, and 25% of cases iatrogenic as a medical or obstetric consequence such as B. an illness of the mother. arterial hypertension or pathology of fetal development and bleeding during pregnancy, while in multiple pregnancies the incidence is 15% (6,7,8,9,10,11,12).