Regarding the layer of borrowed geographical names in Kazakhstan

Abstract

Geographical names, along with the fulfillment of the address function as a geographical mark, are a cultural value with cognitive and cumulative value, which deeply intake the traditions, consciousness and mind, as well as manifestations of the spiritual life of the people, who inhabited that locality.

Existence and world outlook, ethnic culture and spiritual life of any nation are always reflected in a certain geographical space and are the result of certain historical eras. All life activity, all the centuries-old cultural and spiritual wealth, first of all, are imprinted with a pattern in the native language of people of this locality, and turning into an invaluable treasure, passes from one generation to another. All this is an objective regularity, a common feature inherent to all languages in the world, therefore ancient geographical names are considered as a kind of historical monuments, since they, as heritage of past centuries, clearly show us the image of certain eras of history, conditions of the terrain, material and spiritual geographic culture of states and nations.

The existence of language is a process, which is closely related to the social life of the native speaker that cannot exist without each other. Lands and settlements, rivers and lakes, mountains and rocks - just like language, are interconnected with man, all objects in the surrounding space are born with the ethnic and civil history of people of this locality, fuses with that period and this natural integrity is more often manifested not in the historical information, but in the richness of the language. This is related to the fact that historical information for various reasons may not be preserved, or be not completely reliable while preserving, while language, its information, no matter how many centuries and eras will pass, regardless of uninterrupted replenishment, countless updates and renewals, will remain undoubted proof of previous eras.

The immense Kazakh steppe was inhabited and settled by tribes and clans with different languages and religious beliefs and traditions in different historical periods, and relations with neighboring countries have also been maintained since ancient times. The historical and social layers and stages of the development of geographical names in the Kazakh language can be differentiated in the following layers: ancient Turkic (common Turkic) layer, a native Kazakh words and layer of borrowed words. Undoubtedly, in the regional toponymy, the geographic, economic features of that region are imprinted in the footsteps of this connection. In this regard, the report includes the theme of the borrowed layer of toponyms that can be found on the Kazakh land.