Electrochemical sensors based on cardiovascular biomarkers

Abstract

This article explores the use of electrochemical sensors for detecting cardiovascular biomarkers, highlighting their crucial role in early disease diagnosis and monitoring. Electrochemical sensors, versatile analytical devices, employ electrochemical reactions to identify and quantify specific compounds within samples, finding applications in diverse fields, including medical diagnostics. The article introduces various types of electrochemical sensors, such as potentiometric, amperometric, voltammetric, conductometric, impedimetric, and gas sensors, each operating on distinct principles to adapt to various applications. Moreover, the article introduces biosensors, specialized devices that combine biological elements with physicochemical detectors to identify specific biological molecules or compounds, playing a pivotal role in assessing health, including disease risk evaluation and substance abuse detection. The integration of electrochemical sensors and biosensors is emphasized as a potent tool for detecting cardiovascular biomarkers. These sensors play a vital role in evaluating cardiovascular health by accurately measuring biomarkers associated with heart conditions. Noteworthy biomarkers discussed include cardiac troponin I (cTnI), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), myoglobin (Mb), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), thrombin, and heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP). The article underscores the significance of electrochemical sensors in diagnosing and monitoring cardiovascular diseases due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response times. These sensors are instrumental in the early detection of biomarkers linked to cardiovascular conditions, facilitating timely diagnosis and effective patient management. In conclusion, electrochemical sensors offer a valuable and versatile approach for detecting cardiovascular biomarkers, with their accuracy and real-time measurement capabilities making them essential tools for enhancing patient outcomes and healthcare management in the realm of cardiovascular diseases.