KAZAKHSTAN AND THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Abstract

This article provides a brief sociological analysis comparing state models of legal regulation of artificial intelligence technologies in developed countries around the world. It describes the application of strategic risk-oriented platforms used in EU countries and delves briefly into the National Strategic Plan for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the United States, where the study of the ethical, legal, and social consequences of implementing AI systems has been identified as one of the main strategies for the country’s development in the near future. The author justifies the relevance of the article through several interconnected processes: the global "regulatory boom" in the field of AI, ranging from the European AI Act to China’s Algorithm Recommendation Provisions and Kazakhstan’s Law "On Artificial Intelligence." The article also addresses the growing gap between the speed of technological development and society’s ability to comprehend and accept new rules of the game, as well as the necessity for developing countries, such as Kazakhstan, to formulate their own regulatory model that does not merely copy Western or Eastern examples but takes into account the national legal culture, the level of digital literacy, and the value orientations of the population. At the same time, the author does not overlook Kazakhstan’s closest neighbor and trade and economic partner, the People’s Republic of China. According to the author, as the practice of recent years has shown, AI technologies have already proven their effectiveness in China’s national security system. Thus, in order to minimize the criminogenic situation in highly unreliable regions, as well as to establish control over the largest technology companies (in order to prevent major IT giants such as Alibaba, Baidu, and Tencent from monopolizing citizens’ user data), the Chinese authorities have introduced a social credit system (social credit system), which evaluates the personality of each citizen according to specifically trained parameters. At the same time, the Chinese government declares that the main task of the system being implemented is not at all to ensure security, but rather to "build a harmonious socialist society". This article presents a comparative sociological analysis of the attitudes of populations from different cultural and civilizational regions towards the legal regulation of artificial intelligence. Special attention is paid to understanding international experience and its relevance for the countries of Central Asia, primarily for the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is actively shaping its own national model of AI regulation. The article concludes by raising the question of Kazakhstan’s competitive advantage in the battle for technological leadership in the digital environment at the regional level of Central Asia.