Comparative Assessment of Bioactive Compounds and Elemental Composition (Minerals and Toxic Elements) in Extract Enriched Yogurt

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the content of bioactive compounds and elemental composition in control yogurt and yogurt enriched with sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) extract. The enriched yogurt showed a higher total polyphenol content (1.34 ± 0.05% vs. 1.28 ± 0.05%) and slightly lower flavonoid content (0.53 ± 0.02% vs. 0.59 ± 0.03%) compared with the control sample. Both samples contained detectable levels of B‑group vitamins and vitamin C, with minor differences between the formulations. The yogurt with sweet clover extract was characterized by slightly increased concentrations of calcium Ca, potassium K, magnesium Mg and phosphorus P, while levels of zinc Zn and iron Fe remained within a comparable range to the control. In all samples, toxic elements (lead Pb, cadmium Cd, arsenic As, mercury Hg) and cesium‑137 were not detected, and activity of potassium‑40 remained within regulatory limits. The results indicate that enrichment of yogurt with sweet clover extract improves its profile of bioactive compounds and minerals without compromising safety indicators, supporting its potential as a functional dairy product.