Progress in Science

LA GOUVERNANCE D’ENTREPRISE CLE DE LA PERFORMANCE ORGANISATIONNELLE. Approche socio-psychologique d’Etzioni et l’approche managériale de Gerard Charreaux

RABENJARISON Ranjavololona — 2025-08-04

La performance consiste à comparer l’objectif fixé et la réalisation. Dans le cadre organisationnel, elle vise l’orientation de tous les membres de l’organisation vers les mêmes objectifs de manière efficace et efficiente. Depuis le constat de l’opportunisme des dirigeants sur l’affaire ENRON en 2002, nous pouvons voir que le dirigeant, un membre pionnier de l’entreprise se fixe un objectif individuel au détriment des actionnaires. L’objet de cet article est de trouver le moyen pour atteindre l’objectif organisationnel par l’entremise de la gouvernance d’entreprise en considérant le dirigeant d’entreprise comme le premier cible à orienter. Nous proposons comme stratégie d’orientation efficace la gouvernance, telle est notre hypothèse. Pour valider cette dernière, nous avons suivi quelques démarches mathématiques et financières de validation suite à une enquête et entretien de trente (30) Sociétés Anonymes (SA) lors de la Foire Internationale de Madagascar (FIM) 2024. Après traitement de données, nos résultats montrent une corrélation positive et parfaite de ces deux variables, de la sorte, la gouvernance permet une performance organisationnelle. Convaincre les dirigeants à œuvrer en faveur des actionnaires est la première étape, l’orientation directe des salariés par stock option ou l’orientation indirecte par l’intermédiaire du dirigeant est la deuxième étape. Nous pouvons affirmer de ce fait que d’une manière ou d’une autre la gouvernance d’entreprise est prépondérante dans le cadre organisationnel.

ANALYSE DES IMPACTS DU CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE SUR LA SECURITE ALIMENTAIRE DES MENAGES DANS LES REGIONS ANDROY ET ANOSY DE MADAGASCAR

RALAISABOTSY Jary Antonio — 2025-08-04

Cet article examine les effets du changement climatique sur la sécurité alimentaire dans les régions d'Androy et d'Anosy, au sud de Madagascar. L’agriculture, secteur clé de l'économie locale, est fortement affectée par l'augmentation des températures et la variabilité des précipitations. Entre 1980 et 2020, la température a augmenté de 1,1°C et la fréquence des sécheresses a doublé. En 2023, 95 % des communes d'Androy étaient vulnérables à l'insécurité alimentaire. L’étude, basée sur une approche combinant analyse économique, statistique et socio-environnementale, utilise des données institutionnelles (FAO, Banque Mondiale, INSTAT) et des enquêtes sur terrain menées auprès de 250 ménages dans 7 districts. Les résultats montrent que 82 % des habitants vivent sous le seuil de pauvreté, et 47 % des enfants souffrent de malnutrition chronique. L’article recommande des stratégies pour renforcer la résilience des communautés, telles que la formation des agriculteurs aux techniques durables et l'amélioration des politiques de sécurité alimentaire. L’adoption de mesures d’adaptation ciblées est cruciale pour assurer une production alimentaire stable et durable face aux défis du changement climatique.

Développement financier et rigidité du système bancaire à Madagascar : que révèle le ratio crédit/dépôt ?

Miandrisafidy Andriatsarafara Randriamiarina — 2025-08-04

Cet article modélise la dynamique du ratio crédit/dépôt comme indicateur clé de l’efficacité bancaire dans un contexte de sous-développement financier. En utilisant le modèle stochastique de Vasicek, l’étude estime la vitesse d’ajustement, la volatilité et la moyenne de long terme du ratio. Les résultats révèlent une lenteur d’ajustement structurelle, une transformation prudente des dépôts et une forte sensibilité aux chocs. Cette approche met en évidence les limites actuelles du système bancaire et la nécessité de réformes structurelles. L’étude combine une estimation économétrique par maximum de vraisemblance avec une simulation Monte Carlo.

Dans les pays à faible bancarisation comme Madagascar, où le marché des capitaux est quasi inexistant, le financement économique repose essentiellement sur les banques commerciales. Le ratio crédit/dépôt est alors un indicateur clé pour mesurer la capacité d’intermédiation financière, reflétant la profondeur du système, la confiance des agents économiques et la mobilisation de l’épargne intérieure (Beck,2000)[1].

Ce ratio est sensible aux chocs macroéconomiques et peut révéler des rigidités structu- relles ou des comportements prudents des institutions financières, notamment dans des systèmes bancaires étroits [3]. À Madagascar, ce ratio reste historiquement bas, illustrant une inclusion financière limitée, une vulnérabilité budgétaire et un accès restreint au crédit bancaire.

Sur le plan théorique, les modèles de diffusion stochastique, tels que le modèle de Vasicek (Vasicek,1997[4]), offrent un cadre pertinent pour étudier la dynamique de variables financières incertaines autour d’un équilibre. Initialement conçu pour les taux d’intérêt, ce modèle a été adapté à diverses mesures bancaires, dont la liquidité et les contraintes d’intermédiation (Brigo,2006[2]).

Cette étude applique ce cadre à l’analyse du ratio crédit/dépôt à Madagascar, ques- tionnant : "Le ratio crédit/dépôt traduit-il la rigidité structurelle du système bancaire malgache et son incapacité à soutenir le développement financier en contexte instable ?" Trois axes guident l’analyse : caractériser la dynamique empirique du ratio, estimer sa vitesse de retour à l’équilibre et sa volatilité, et interpréter économi- quement ces paramètres, notamment en lien avec la transformation bancaire et l’efficacité de l’intermédiation.

L’hypothèse est que la faiblesse persistante du ratio traduit une inertie due à une lenteur d’ajustement, une prudence excessive et une inefficacité structurelle, aggravées par l’instabilité institutionnelle et l’absence d’un environnement financier diversifié. Ainsi, ce ratio révèle les défis du sous-développement financier malgache et souligne la nécessité de réformes structurelles.

L’article s’organise ainsi : la section suivante détaille la méthodologie fondée sur le mo- dèle de Vasicek, la troisième section présente les résultats empiriques et leur interprétation, et la dernière partie conclut sur les implications structurelles et les pistes de réforme pour renforcer l’intermédiation financière à Madagascar.

A travers quels canaux les transferts de fonds des migrants promeuvent-ils la croissance économique à Madagascar?

Rina RANDRIATAHINA — 2025-08-04

Ce papier tente d’analyser l’effet des transferts de fonds des migrants sur la croissance économique à Madagascar et d’identifier les canaux de transmission de cet effet. En utilisant l’approche ARDL (Antoregressive Distributed Lag), sur des données temporelles (1980-2023), les principaux résultats des estimations montrent que les transferts exercent un effet positif sur la croissance, sur l’investissement et sur le capital humain. A long terme, une augmentation de 1% des transferts entrainent une hausse marginale de 0,13% du PIB par habitant, de 0,43% de l’investissement et de 0,35% du capital humain. Ces résultats stipulent que l’investissement et le capital humain sont les canaux de transmission de l’impact des transferts sur la croissance. En d’autres termes, les transferts permettent aux ménages à faibles revenus de financer la scolarisation de leurs enfants et d’utiliser à des fins productives comme les renforcements des investissements dans leurs petites entreprises et à l’achat des biens immobiliers, logement, terrains qui sont classés parmi des investissements à faible valeur ajoutée.

Strategic Development of a Company: An Analysis of External and Internal Environmental Factors

Ilimbaeva Aliya Kumarkanovna — 2025-08-04

This article explores the influence of internal and external environmental factors on the strategic development of a company, using L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (ENU) as a case study. The study identifies key internal constraints such as limited staff motivation, rigid administrative procedures, and a shortage of highly qualified IT specialists. On the external side, challenges include dynamic regulatory changes and increasing competition in the educational sector. Based on the analysis, strategic recommendations are proposed to enhance the university’s resilience and adaptability, including human capital development, digital transformation, and innovation-driven project management. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how academic institutions can navigate complex environments to achieve sustainable strategic growth.

The Development of Emotional Intelligence in Primary School Students and Its Impact on Academic Achievement

Aygun Musayeva — 2025-08-04

This paper explores the significance of emotional intelligence (EI) in the academic and social development of primary school students. It examines how emotional competencies influence learning outcomes and the ways educators can foster emotional intelligence in classroom environments. Drawing on current psychological theories and empirical studies, the paper argues that emotional intelligence is a critical factor in academic achievement and should be integrated into early education curricula. The findings emphasize that EI not only enhances interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being but also plays a key role in shaping a student's capacity to succeed academically. The paper proposes a multidimensional approach to EI development through school-wide strategies, teacher training, and curriculum integration.

Nanoparticle-enhanced innovative anticancer multicomponent combinations as adjunct modality for the NSCLC Proton Therapy

Archil Chirakadze — 2025-08-04

This study explores the cytotoxic potential of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, specifically the A549 cell line. CuO nanoparticles were tested alone and in combination with clinically approved chemotherapeutic agents, including osimertinib, paclitaxel, and cisplatin. Using the MTT assay to assess cell viability, the results demonstrated that CuO nanoparticles significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effects of these drugs, particularly when combined with osimertinib. The findings suggest that such nanoparticle–drug combinations may offer improved selectivity and efficacy, presenting a promising strategy to overcome resistance and reduce systemic toxicity in NSCLC treatment.

APPORT DE L’EDUCATION AU DEVELOPPEMENT

RAKOTONDRASOA Haingo Mamiarilala — 2025-08-04

La dimension du développement humain ne peut pas souvent se passer de l’éducation. La vie moderne ne cesse de faire face à une impasse temporelle face à la mondialisation. Les individus sont habitués à penser à faire des projets. Pourtant, il s’agit de vains projets. Le sentiment d’être supérieur aux autres accélère la course au pouvoir, non pas pour atteindre un objectif mais pour rester sur place. L’obligation de courir plus vite transforme l’individu en un robot qui ne connaît pas son identité, qui ne sait pas qui il est, d’où il vient et où il va, et ce qu’il va faire. La transformation de l’individu en robot détruit complètement le sentiment, la pensée, la raison voire la moralité chez l’individu. La destruction de la moralité n’est que le reflet de la modernité en combinaison avec la psychologie moderne composée du mélange des habitudes et coutumes des sociétés occidentales avec ceux des natifs. L’accélération conduit à tout prioriser, ce qui conduit au non-développement. Auparavant, le défi au développement était la clé du développement à Madagascar. Or, il y a pour le moment un manque d’ambition pour faire office de défi économique. Toutefois, étant éduqué depuis son jeune âge, l’individu va devenir un être moral. L’activité économique nécessite un plan tout en ayant toujours connaissance d’un objectif.

ШКІЛЬНИЙ ПРЕДМЕТ ХХІ СТОЛІТТЯ — НООПРИРОДОЗНАВСТВО

Корсак Костянтин Віталійович — 2025-08-04

Запропоновано унікальний для світової освіти шкільний предмет з назвою «Нооприродознавство-ХХІ» на основі сучасних наукових знань людства. Призначений для молоді, яка обирає гуманітарну сферу праці і бажає отримати в одному предметі суму знань з фізики, хімії, біології й астрономії, сформувати уявлення про Природу і Людство. Попередній варіант цього предмета наприкінці існування Радянського Союзу виграв багаторічний конкурс на підручник з «Інтегрованого природознавства» для гуманітарного потоку старшої середньої школи. Він єдиний пропонував не механічне поєднання чотирьох предметів, а новітні комплексні знання про народження і еволюцію неживої і живої частин довкілля. У цій статті автор враховує досягнення світових наук в ХХІ ст. і надає основи відкритих ним ноонаук і ноотехнологій як засіб порятунку людства від екологічних та інших загроз.

The Impact of Mindfulness on Teachers' Mental Health and the Quality of the Educational Environment

Bokhanova A. S. — 2025-08-04

In the context of growing attention to the quality of early childhood education, increasing professional demands on teachers, and the continued influence of post-pandemic factors, there is a pressing need to explore internal resources that can support the psycho-emotional well-being of education professionals. One such resource is mindfulness — the ability to maintain focused attention on the present moment with an attitude of acceptance and non-judgment toward one’s current experience. This study aims to identify the relationship between the level of mindfulness and key indicators of mental health among preschool education teachers.

Key variables examined include levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, the degree of emotional burnout, and the subjective evaluation of quality of life. Empirical data obtained using validated psychodiagnostic instruments suggest that mindfulness serves as a significant protective factor that contributes to reducing maladaptive emotional states and enhancing overall mental well-being among educators.

Results of regression and mediation analyses indicate that mindfulness indirectly influences quality of life through the reduction of negative affective states. Particular attention is given to specific mindfulness components such as non-judging, non-reactivity, and acting with awareness. These facets are associated with greater stress resilience, reduced burnout symptoms, and improved professional well-being.

Thus, mindfulness may be considered a key element in psychological support programs and professional development initiatives aimed at fostering a positive educational environment and improving interactions with children. The results have both theoretical and practical significance and may inform the design of intervention programs in the field of education.

ТАРАЗ ФОСФОР ЗАУЫТЫНЫҢ ШЫҒАРЫНДЫЛАРЫНЫҢ ӨСІМДІК ЖАМЫЛҒЫСЫНА ӘСЕРІ

Козыбаева Фарида Есенкожановна — 2025-08-04

Мақалада Тараз фосфор зауытының шығарындыларының топырақ және өсімдіктерге әсері жайлы баяндалады. Желдің бағыты шығарындылардың таралуында негізгі рөл атқарады. Зауыттан желдің негізгі бағытында орналасқан аймақтар барынша ластануға ұшырайды. Шығарындылардың тығыздығы арақашықтықтың ұлғаюымен төмендейді, алайда жиі штильдері бар немесе географиялық кедергілері бар аймақтарда зиянды заттардың жергілікті жиналуы мүмкін. Жоңышқа, жүгері, күздік бидай, түйетікен, жусан және дәнді дақылдар сияқты өсімдіктердің жерасты және жерүсті бөліктерінде ауыр металдардың (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) ШРШ артуы қоршаған ортаның едәуір ластанғанын куәландырады. Өсімдіктердегі Zn мен Cu – қауіпті деңгейден төмен, яғни қауіпсіз. Cd мен Pb – ШРК-дан бірнеше есе артық, әсіресе: Cd - Батыс бағытта; Pb - барлық бағыттарда, әсіресе Шығыс және Оңтүстік бағыттарда бұл аймақтарда топырақ пен өсімдік құрамындағы ауыр металдарға мониторинг пен биоремедиация шараларын қолдану қажет.

Абай Құнанбаев пен Ыбырай Алтынсарин мұрасындағы тұлғалық трансформация және педагогикалық аксиология

Б.Т. Райымқұлова — 2025-08-04

Мақалада халқымыздың ойшыл ақыны Абай Құнанбайұлы мен тұңғыш педагог Ыбырай Алтынсариннің шығармаларындағы адамгершілік, ар-намыс, адал еңбек, адамдар достығы мен бала өсіруші ата-ана жайында көптеген ұстаздық өсиет қарастырылған. Қоғамдағы әлеуметтік жағдайлардың адам тәрбиесіндегі орынын екі ақынның өлеңдері мен ауыдарған мысалдарынан көре аламыз

CIRCULAR DEVOTION: A STRUCTURAL AND HERMENEUTIC STUDY OF HĀFEZ’S OPENING GHAZAL

Zeynab Mammadova — 2025-08-04

This study offers a structural and hermeneutic reading of the opening ghazal in Hāfeẓ’s Dīwān, revealing how its bilingual framing, metrical regularity, and symbolic architecture collaborate to guide the reader through a ritualized journey of love and spiritual transcendence. Drawing on classical Persian‑Arabic poetic conventions—the Arabic matlāʿ and mak̲h̲taṣ that bookend the seven‑bayt poem—and the 4‑mefāʿīlūn hazaj metre, we demonstrate how Hāfeẓ weaves together communal lamentation and mystical yearning into a cohesive emotional topology. Influenced by early commentators like Sūdī, who interpreted the tavern scene literally, and by later Rūmī‑inspired Sufi exegesis, which reimagines the sāqī as a spiritual guide, this analysis situates the poem at the intersection of social and esoteric readings.

Through a close examination of seven paired motifs—the wine‑cup, the morning breeze, the wine‑dyed prayer rug, the caravan bell, the night‑sea, the seeker’s missteps, and the unceasing vigil—we trace a dialectic of peril and succor that mirrors the Sufi path of fanāʾ (annihilation) and baqāʾ (continuance). Each image serves as both a sensorial detail and an allegorical touchstone, inviting comparisons with Qurʾānic covenantal imagery (Q 7:172) and prophetic lore. By omitting the Persian couplets, we foreground Hāfeẓ’s deployment of Arabic epigraphs as a framing device that universalizes the poem’s spiritual itinerary.

This article will appeal to readers interested in Persian literature, comparative poetics, and the study of ritual and symbolism in Sufi discourse. Its interdisciplinary approach—bridging metric analysis, literary history, and mystical theology—illuminates how Hāfeẓ’s first ghazal functions as both a performative lament and an experiential guide for the pilgrim of the heart.

ҚАЗІРГІ ҚАЗАҚ АЙТЫСЫНДАҒЫ ТЕКСТОЛОГИЯ МӘСЕЛЕСІ

ТАСЛИМА БЕРИКБОЛ — 2025-08-04

Мақала 2023-2025 жылдарға арналған ғылыми жобалар конкурсында «Әлеуметтік және гуманитарлық ғылымдар» басым бағыты бойынша АP 19574645 «Қазіргі қазақ айтысының типологиясы мен поэтикасы» тақырыбындағы жоба аясында жазылды.
Халқымыздың тарих тереңінде жатқан сан ғасырлық мәдениеті мен әдебиетін, тұрмыс-тіршілігін, салт-дәстүрін кейінгі ұрпақтарға жеткізуші әдеби мұралардың бірі саналатын айтыс – қазақ ауыз әдебиетінің жанрларының бірі. Осы күні айтыс жанры көркем әдебиеттің өзгеше бір саласына айналды.
Мақалада айтыскер ақындар: Аманжол Әлтаев, Дәулеткерей Кәпұлы, Мұхамеджан Тазабеков, Жібек Болтанова, Әлфия Орманшина айтыстарының текстологиясы туралы айтылады. Ақындар айтыста тіл, қоғамдық, саяси, әлеуметтік сияқты өзекті мәселелер мен елеулі өзгерістерді көтереді.

PRINCIPLES OF SEISMIC RISK REDUCTUION AND CONCEPTUAL RULES FOR SEISMIC DESIGN OF BUILDINGS

Paata Rekvava — 2025-08-04

The disasters, such as earthquakes that severely damage buildings, prove fatal to life. However, the truth remains that it is not the disasters that are responsible for the loss of lives, but the buildings that are incapable of withstanding these disasters. Loss life can be drastically reduced by ensuring that the structures of buildings are strong enough to bear the impact of earthquakes.

Buildings are a combination of art and science, which are put together to function as a living structure.

They are designed by architects and engineers. In reality, in most cases, buildings principally for human occupancy are designed conceptually by architects.

The three most important aspects of building design are: (i) Function, (ii) Form and (III) Strength. Function refers to the usage of the building and form refers to its overall geometry, composed in an aesthetically pleasing manner in keeping with the requirements of the user or intended functions. The form follows function. The architect is responsible for the form derived from the function of the building structure. The role of a structural engineer is to give enough strength his ideas and look after endurance and seismic strength of the structural members.

In Georgia, seismic resistant design is considered to be exclusively within the field of responsibility of structural engineers. As a result, architects are not well informed about the effect of their design decisions on the seismic performance of the buildings. Improving the collaboration and communication between

the architects and structural engineers can greatly help in reducing the seismic vulnerability of buildings. Successful collaboration can bring much more to a project than just facilitating its design and completion. The client and the users of a building are the primary beneficiaries of architect-structural engineer collaboration, but architects and structural engineers themselves benefit greatly.

The objective of this paper is to present the concept of seismic resistant design in a comprehensible format for the architects and structural engineers, therefore aims contribute to the efforts of creating a better awareness of seismic resistant building design.

Securing the Digital Frontier: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Adaptive Cyber Defense

Elza Bitsadze — 2025-08-04

This scholarly inquiry delves into the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in fortifying cybersecurity frameworks amidst an era marked by the exponential sophistication and velocity of digital threats. As conventional defense mechanisms increasingly prove inadequate in countering the evolving threat landscape, the imperative for adaptive, intelligent solutions has never been more urgent. This Integrative Literature Review (ILR) rigorously explores the integration of AI technologies in cybersecurity architectures, with a particular emphasis on enhancing threat detection, predictive analytics, and real-time incident response, while concurrently interrogating the profound ethical ramifications inherent in such deployment.
Anchored in the theoretical constructs of the Defense-in-Depth paradigm and the Artificial Intelligence Theory of Pattern Recognition, this study synthesizes a diverse corpus of empirical and conceptual literature, illuminating the multifaceted applications of AI across domains such as anomaly detection, behavioral-based insider threat analysis, and anticipatory vulnerability assessments. The ILR methodology facilitates a methodical and critical interrogation of AI’s dual function: as a force multiplier in operational efficacy and as a complex agent of ethical concern.
The findings underscore AI’s capacity to revolutionize cybersecurity operations through unparalleled automation, adaptive learning, and contextual analysis. However, this technological ascendancy is tempered by salient issues related to data privacy, algorithmic opacity, and systemic bias. These challenges necessitate the development of comprehensive governance frameworks that harmonize algorithmic efficiency with human oversight, ensuring that AI deployments are not only effective but also transparent, accountable, and ethically sound.
Crucially, the study advocates for the institutionalization of responsible AI practices, encompassing explainable AI (XAI) protocols, privacy-preserving methodologies, and bias mitigation strategies. Such integrative approaches are pivotal in cultivating stakeholder trust and in reinforcing the structural resilience of cybersecurity systems. Moreover, the research identifies a critical equity gap in the accessibility of AI-powered solutions, particularly among small and mid-sized organizations, thereby calling for inclusive innovation and policy interventions.
In conclusion, while AI harbors immense promise as a catalyst for cybersecurity modernization, its widespread and equitable adoption hinges on sustained research into ethical frameworks and scalable, democratized AI architectures. Only through such balanced advancement can the digital ecosystem be safeguarded against an increasingly volatile threat environment.

РЕАКТИВТІ ҚУАТ ЖӘНЕ КЕРНЕУ БОЙЫНША ЭЛЕКТР ТОРАПТАРДЫҢ РЕЖИМІН ОҢТАЙЛАНДЫРУ

Сакпанова Айжан Ержановна — 2025-08-04

Университеті)

Режимдерді оңтайландырудың әр түрлі мәселесі үшін әдістерді салыстыру және жетілдірудің белгілі тәжірибесі жинақталған, сонымен қатар электроэнергетикалық жүйелердегі практикалық есептер. Көбінесе оңтайландырудырылған мәселелердің үш түрі шешіледі:

1) Жылу электростанциясын активті қуаты бойынша энергожүйенің режимін оңтайландыру;

2) Электрлік торапта режимдерді оңтайландыру, яғни U, Q және n бойынша режимдерді оңтайландыру кезіндегі тораптағы активті қуаттың шығынын азайту.

3) Электроэнергиялық жүйе режимін кешенді оңтайландырудың жалпы мәселесі.

Бұл мәселелер электроэнергетикалық жүйелер мен тораптар режимдерін басқару қарқынды процесінде шешілуі тиіс, ал кейбір жағдайларда оперативті және автоматты жағдайларда шешіліп жатады.

The Essence of Ideology: A Historical and Psychological Analysis

Davit Baratashvili — 2025-08-04

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the essence of ideology by examining its historical formation and its relationship to the human psyche. The argument posits that ideologies are a part of the noosphere and are fundamentally products of a human psychological activity, a state of psycho-physiological readiness for action. Using Dimitri Uznadze's theory of set, the article traces the emergence of ideologies from the Enlightenment as a response to specific historical and social conditions. It argues that because ideologies are built upon a worldview derived from an incomplete scale of knowledge, they are inherently limited and ultimately fail to provide a complete picture of reality. The article concludes that the modern crisis of ideological fragmentation, exemplified by postmodernism, is a more acute problem than previous grand narratives, and that a new, unifying idea must emerge from a reformed, more holistic scientific approach to society.