Progress in Science

Communicative Tasks for the Development of Monologue Speech in Foreign Language Lessons for Students at the Basic Stage of Secondary School

Ayazbayeva Zhazira — 2025-11-17

This article explores theoretical and practical approaches to developing monologic speech among basic secondary school students in foreign language lessons. It emphasizes the importance of communicative competence as a foundation for effective language use and examines methods such as communicative teaching, task-based learning, lexical approaches, and CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning). The study highlights how these methods foster both linguistic accuracy and confidence in monologue speech and provides recommendations for applying communicative tasks in classrooms following Kazakhstan’s competency-based standards.

THE USE OF GAMIFICATION AS A METHOD IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Talapova A.K. — 2025-11-17

This article examines the use of gamification as an instructional method in teaching English to secondary school students. Grounded in contemporary approaches to language education, gamification involves the systematic integration of game elements—such as points, badges, levels, and leaderboards—into classroom activities to create structured, engaging learning experiences. The study employed a one-group pre-test–post-test design with 50 students aged 14 to 17 to evaluate changes in English proficiency and engagement before and after the implementation of gamified instruction. Quantitative results revealed a notable increase in language proficiency, with overall performance improving by 16.2% across vocabulary, grammar, reading, and listening. Student engagement also showed a strong positive trend, increasing from an average score of 3.2 to 4.4 on a 5-point scale. These findings demonstrate that gamification promotes more active participation, enhances task completion, and supports measurable learning outcomes. The article concludes that when implemented with a clear methodological framework, gamification functions not merely as a motivational tool but as an effective instructional method for organizing and enhancing English language learning in secondary schools

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FLIPPED CLASSROOM IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Talapova A.K. — 2025-11-17

This article examines the effectiveness of the flipped classroom model in improving English language proficiency and learning motivation among secondary school students. Grounded in constructivist and self-determination theories, the flipped classroom reverses traditional instruction by delivering theoretical content through digital materials outside of class and dedicating classroom time to collaborative and communicative practice. The study involved fifty students aged 14 to 17 who previously learned through conventional methods. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests administered via Google Forms to measure changes in language skills and motivation. Results revealed notable improvements in speaking, vocabulary, and overall engagement, demonstrating that technology-supported, student-centered learning enhances both achievement and autonomy. The findings underscore the importance of well-structured digital instruction, teacher readiness, and equitable technological access for effective implementation

THE ROLE OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN DEVELOPING SPEAKING SKILLS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Talapova A.K. — 2025-11-17

This article investigates the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning (PBL) in improving speaking skills among secondary school students learning English as a foreign language. The study draws on constructivist and sociocultural principles emphasizing collaborative learning and real-world communication. Fifty-two students aged 13–16 from a secondary school in Almaty participated in a six-week intervention in which speaking-centered projects were integrated into English lessons. Data were collected through pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, peer-assessment rubrics, and teacher observation checklists. Results demonstrated significant improvement in students’ speaking fluency, vocabulary range, and confidence, along with increased motivation and participation. The findings support the implementation of PBL as an effective instructional method for fostering oral communication skills in EFL classrooms

Development of linguoculturological sub- competence of students in the senior classes on the basis of English artists' paintings (methodical recommendations)

Esengali Diana Bauyrzhanqyzy — 2025-11-17

The article explores the methodological foundations for developing the linguoculturological sub-competence of senior school students through the use of English artists’ paintings in foreign language education. Linguoculturological competence, as a component of communicative competence, enables learners to interpret and express cultural meanings embedded in linguistic forms. Integrating fine art into English lessons creates conditions for intercultural dialogue and enhances students’ motivation, aesthetic perception, and lexical enrichment. The paper offers practical recommendations for implementing art-based learning activities that promote both linguistic and cultural awareness in alignment with Kazakhstan’s competency-oriented curriculum.

ENHANCING LISTENING SKILLS THROUGH THE USE OF ENGLISH MOVIES AND TV SERIES IN THE CLASSROOM

Talapova A.K. — 2025-11-17

This study explores how the use of English-language movies and television series may enhance listening comprehension skills among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Drawing on recent empirical and review literature, and an anonymous survey of 20 participants (10 university students with mixed proficiency levels A2–B2 and 10 experienced EFL teachers), the research investigates participants’ attitudes and perceived outcomes regarding using movies/TV series for listening instruction. The questionnaire comprised 15 Likert-scale items and 5 open-ended questions; descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were applied. Results indicate that 85% of respondents agreed that audiovisual materials supported listening comprehension, 90% reported increased motivation, and 70% recognised improved pronunciation awareness. Open-ended responses highlighted authentic exposure and cultural relevance, while challenges were noted (e.g., unfamiliar accents, fast speech). These findings suggest that integrating English movies and TV series into EFL listening curricula can yield significant pedagogical benefit, provided that materials are carefully selected and scaffolded. The paper concludes with pedagogical considerations and suggestions for future research in mixed-level adult contexts.

THE ROLE OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING METHOD IN TEACHING AND SUPPORTING CHILDREN WITH DIVERSE NEEDS

Talapova A.K. — 2025-11-17

This study investigates the effectiveness of cooperative learning as a pedagogical approach for supporting children with diverse educational needs in inclusive classroom environments. Grounded in social constructivist and sociocultural theories, cooperative learning emphasizes collaboration, shared responsibility, and peer support to enhance both academic and social outcomes. The research involved forty teachers who participated in a professional conference on cooperative learning methods. Following the event, participants completed a structured questionnaire consisting of fifteen Likert-scale items and five open-ended questions to assess their perceptions, experiences, and challenges in implementing cooperative learning strategies. Quantitative results indicated strong agreement regarding the method’s positive impact on student motivation, academic achievement, and social inclusion. Qualitative thematic analysis revealed three key themes: improved social engagement, challenges in managing group dynamics, and the need for continuous professional development. The findings suggest that cooperative learning fosters inclusion and student engagement when supported by proper teacher training and structured implementation.

Fransız dilinin təlimində texniki vəsaitlərdən istifadə

Rəfiyeva Xuraman Əli qızı — 2025-11-17

Təlim böyük və mürəkkəb sistem olmaqla bir sıra yarım sistemlərə bölünür.Bunların arasında təlimin vasitələri xüsusı yer tutur.Müasir dövrdə xarici dillərin təlimi prosesində müxtəlif və rəngarəng vasitələrdən istifadə olunur. Bu vasitələrdən hər birinin öz xüsusiyyəti olmaqla, dil öyrənmə prosesində özünə məxsus yeri və əhəmiyyəti var. Bununla belə, bütün vasitələr eyni məqsədə xidmət etdiyindən vahid sistem təşkil edir. Təlim vasitələri komponentləri bir - birini tamamlayaraq öyrətmə prosesində üzvü əlaqədə, yəni kompleks şəkildə çıxış etdiyindən, metodikada “ tədris kompleksi ,, adlanır. Tədris kompleksinin tərkibinə daxil olan vasitələr təlimdə yerinə və əhəmiyyətinə görə iki növə ayrılır:

Təlimin əsas vasitələri (kompleksin aparıcı komponentləri) Buraya tədris proqramı, dərslik, dərsliyə, aid metodik rəhbərlik daxil edilir ;
Təlimin əlavə vasitələri (kompleksin əlavə komponentləri) Buraya internet materialları, müxtəlif cədvəllər, disklər,lüğətlər,ev oxusu üçün ədəbiyyat və digər didaktik vəsaitlər daxildir.

Updating and Improving the Quality of Modern Higher Pedagogical Education

Tanzila Sarvar Gasimova — 2025-11-17

It is essential to take actions in various directions to update and improve the quality of modern higher pedagogical education. The perspectives of pedagogical education include updating curricula, implementing innovative teaching methods, enhancing teachers’ professionalism, improving the assessment system, expanding the use of digital technologies, strengthening pedagogical practice, promoting research-based teaching, and increasing inclusivity in education.

One of these important directions — the development and broad implementation of innovative teaching methods — can have a positive impact on improving educational quality. This article focuses on the case method, which is based on the analysis of real or simulated events and helps apply theoretical knowledge to practical problems.

БИОЛОГИЯ САБАҒЫНДА ЭВРИСТИКАЛЫҚ ӘДІСТЕР АРҚЫЛЫ ОҚУШЫЛАРДЫҢ БІЛІМІН ЖЕТІЛДІРУ

Юсупова Дильноза Жорабаевна — 2025-11-17

Бұл мақалада биология сабағында эвристикалық әдіс арқылы орта мектептің оқушыларының білімін жетілдіру туралы зерттеу жұмыстары қарастырылған.

“125 International School of Turkistan” мектебінің 1-сынып оқушыларына эвристикалық әдісті және бақылау әдісін қолдана отырып, биология сабағындағы генетикалық тұжырымдамалары сараланды және генетикалық есептерді шешуге дағдыландырылды. Зерттеу жұмыстарының нәтижесінде генетикалық немесе кез-келген биологиялық есептерді эвристикалық әдіс арқылы шешу ең ыңғайлы әдіс болып табылды. Қазірргі цифрландыру заманында бәсекеге қабілетті болашақ мамандарды даярлауда эвристикалық әдістің негізгі принциптері көрсетілді және оқушылардың әдісті дұрыс пайдалану мақсатында іс-тәжірибелік қабілеттерінің мүмкіндіктері қарастырылды. Зерттеу қызметін жүргізу барысында эвристикалық оқытудың 4 әдісі (бөліну техникасы, индуктивті әдіс, қысқарту әдісі, конструктивті әдіс)бар екендігі анықталды. Эвристикалық әдісті қолдануда мұғалімнің міндеті – биологиялық білім берудегі поцестерін және оқушыларды басқару бүкіл жүйеде дербес әрекеттері көрсетілді және эврика әдісінде оқушылар шығармашылық ойлауы мен қиялдың күшін қолдана отырып, олар қандай да бір логикаға негізделген қолайлы шешімдерді табуға бағытталды.

Мақалада Д. Пойаның генетикалық есептерді эвристикалық әдіс арқылы шешу мысалдарын ала отырып үлгілерге талдаулар жасалынды. Зерттеу жұмысына қатысқан оқушылар генетикалық есептерді эвристикалық әдіс арқылы шешуі қандай деңгейде түсінікті болғанын сауалнамадағы көрсеткіштерден байқай аламыз. Сауалнамадағы көрсеткіштеріне сай 72% - жоғары, 20% - орташа, 8% - төмен деңгейлері көрсетілді. Сондай-ақ, оқушыларға «Биологиялық білім беруде эвристикалық әдістің ықтимал салалары туралы оқушылардың пікірлері» атты сауалнама жүргізілді. Сауалнама нәтижелері бойынша, 25 оқушының ішінде 6 оқушы - сабақта, 2 оқушы - сыныптан тыс жұмыста, 4 оқушы – өзіндік жұмыстарда, 8 оқушы – ҰБТда деп белгіледі. Оқушылардың білімін эвристикалық әдіс арқылы жетілдіру ең тиімді процесс болады. Сауалнамадағы 25 оқушылардың ішінен сабақта 24%, сыныптан тыс жұмыста 8%, жобада 16% ,өзіндік жұмыстарда 20%,ҰБТда 8% қамтиды.

Оқушылардың білімінің сапалы болуына және эвристика тұжырымдамасының практикалық бөлігі эвристикалық әдісті қолдана отырып білімін жетілдіру тиімді болары анық.

THE USE OF MINDFULNESS IN THE WORK OF A PSYCHOLOGIST WITH ADOLESCENTS

Gulnara Hasanova — 2025-11-17

The paper presents modern research confirming the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy, which reduces the degree of anxiety, aggression and increases the level of psychological well–being of adolescents. The article presents the main techniques used by psychologists: conscious breathing, body scanning, visualization, working with emotions and exercises to develop empathy. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of adapting these practices to the age and cognitive characteristics of adolescents, integrating mindfulness techniques and cognitive behavioral therapy

The Singapore Experience for Kazakhstani Museums: New Ideas for Visitor En-gagement

Kubasheva Elena — 2025-11-17

Modern society is experiencing an acute need for museums and highly qualified specialists capable of preserving and transmitting cultural heritage. In response to this challenge, the Almaty city administration decided in 2023 to send staff from the Almaty Museums Union to study at leading scientific centers around the world. As part of this initiative, in 2023, 10 employees from the Almaty Museums Union underwent professional development at the National Heritage Centre in Paris, France. Notably, the Union comprises nine museums, including the D.A. Kunaev Museum. Thanks to this initiative, I, as the head of the D.A. Kunaev Museum, had the honor of being part of the team that underwent professional development at the Singapore Science Centre. I am pleased to share my experiences and impressions from this trip.

In October 2024, 10 employees of the Almaty Museums Union underwent professional development at the Singapore Science Centre based on a cooperation agreement signed between the Centre's General Manager, Andrew Tan, and the Director of the Almaty Museums Union, Lyazzat Saginidikova.

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM KUMYS AND SHUBAT FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF STARTER CULTURES

Abdihaimova Gulzhazira — 2025-11-17

The study presents the results of isolating and identifying lactic acid bacteria from traditional Kazakh fermented milk beverages – kumys and shubat – with the aim of developing industrial starter cultures. Samples of kumys, shubat, camel, and mare’s milk were collected from several regions of Kazakhstan, and classical microbiological methods combined with molecular genetic techniques were used for analysis. More than ninety bacterial cultures were obtained, and over half were identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The dominant genera were Enterococcus and Lactobacillus, which are responsible for the fermentation and formation of the characteristic aroma and texture of these beverages. Several isolates demonstrated no matches in existing genetic databases, suggesting the presence of unique or previously uncharacterized microbial strains endemic to the Kazakh region. The obtained results confirm the rich biodiversity of the natural microflora in kumys and shubat and form the basis for creating standardized starter cultures that preserve the traditional qualities of national dairy products while enabling their industrial-scale production.

RESEARCH ON PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES IN TEACHING ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Mammadova Aynur Teyyub — 2025-11-17

The article examines modern pedagogical approaches applied in the teaching of organic chemistry. Due to the complex content structure, abstract concepts and the requirement of high-level chemical thinking from students, traditional teaching methods are often insufficient. In this context, the effectiveness of methods such as problem-based learning, project-based learning, constructive approach, laboratory-based learning, and the application of digital and interactive technologies is analyzed.

LEXICAL-STYLISTIC DEVICES IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND THEIR EXEMPLARY ANALYSIS

Goncha Ahmadova — 2025-11-17

Lexical-stylistic devices are among the main elements that express the artistic and aesthetic potential of a language. Through these devices, a speaker or writer can convey thoughts more effectively, vividly, and emotionally. The use of such devices in English, particularly in literature, journalism, and everyday speech, demonstrates the richness and creative capacity of the language.

Lexical stylistics examines not only the semantic but also the stylistic layer of language, revealing its functional and aesthetic roles. In this context, the study of lexical-stylistic devices constitutes one of the main directions of linguistics, translation studies, literary criticism, and stylistics. These devices are not only a form of expression but also carriers of culture, and they may be evaluated differently depending on the context.

Modern stylistics, by considering the role of these devices in shaping the style of the text, the author’s position, and the emotional atmosphere, allows for a deeper analysis of their function. At the same time, the study of stylistic devices has great methodological significance for language learners, as it helps to expand the expressive possibilities of the language and increase the impact of writing. These devices enable writers and poets to deepen word meanings, thus delivering their intended message more powerfully and emotionally to the reader. Lexical-stylistic devices in English strengthen both the rhythm and the visual and emotional impact of the text.

This paper will focus on some of the most commonly used lexical-stylistic devices in English, providing explanations and examples for each. The aim is to help understand how these devices enhance the aesthetic impact of language and influence the reader.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN EDUCATION

Abiev Bakhytzhan Myrzakhmetovich — 2025-11-17

The article examines the phenomenon of digital transformation in education as a global and systemic process that significantly changes the way teaching, learning, and educational management are organized. It highlights the key aspects of digitalization such as artificial intelligence, e-learning platforms, and data-driven approaches. The authors analyze opportunities and challenges that educational institutions face in adapting to the digital era, emphasizing the importance of developing digital competence among teachers and students. The study also discusses Kazakhstan’s experience in integrating digital tools into higher education, underlining the role of government initiatives and the readiness of educators to adapt to innovative models of teaching

GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF EXCLAMATIONS IN TURKISH LANGUAGES

Susan Fahraddin girl Huseynova — 2025-11-17

As in all Turkic languages, in modern Turkic languages, exclamations express desire, desire, feeling, excitement, regret, etc. emotional shades. Exclamations differ from both auxiliary and main parts of speech, in other words, they do not indicate either state, quality, quantity, or name. They are not part of a sentence, do not enter into syntactic relations with any word. Therefore, exclamations are a special part of speech.

In Turkology, G.V. Arkhangelsky, A.N. Kononov, C. N. Kharitovov, N. A. Baskakov, S. Saribayev, S. Usmanov, S. Imanaliyev, R. Kungurov, F. Makarov, L. Budagov, M. Kazimbay, N. Narimanov and others have expressed one or another opinion about the grammatical features of exclamations, and most of them are simple. Since the 60s of the last century, certain research works have been devoted to the grammatical features of exclamations, which are very necessary.

In modern linguistics, the interjections were the subject of conflicting opinions of Turkologists and Russian-speaking Turkologists-linguists.

Until the second quarter of the 20th century, some Turkologists did not specifically distinguish between interjections. A number of linguists only gave a list of the interjections they remembered in a few lines.

Evaluation of Synergistic Anticancer Activity in Novel Multicomponent Combinations Designed to Enhance Selectivity Against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Archil Chirakadze — 2025-11-17

Combination therapy remains one of the most promising strategies in oncology due to its potential to increase therapeutic selectivity while minimizing toxicity to healthy cells. In this study, novel multicomponent formulations containing gemcitabine, potassium citrate, magnesium chloride, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were evaluated for synergistic cytotoxicity against A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells compared to normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). A total of twelve formulations (eight full combinations and four nanoparticle-only controls) were prepared and evaluated using the MTT assay. Selectivity indices were calculated from experimentally determined LC₅₀ values, and synergy coefficients were derived to quantify interactions between components. The results demonstrate that mixtures containing gemcitabine, ionic modifiers, and ZnO nanoparticles produce a pronounced non-linear increase in selectivity, with synergy peaks occurring at intermediate nanoparticle concentrations. Nanoparticle-only controls displayed minimal selectivity enhancement, indicating that synergistic activity originates from multi-component interactions. These findings support the potential use of multicomponent formulations as selective anticancer agents and highlight the importance of evaluating synergistic relationships during early-stage therapeutic development.

OPTIMIZATION OF FINANCIAL STREAMS IN CORPORATE LOGISTICS SYSTEMS OF THE RAILWAY SECTOR: METHODOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

Abdikhaimova Anar — 2025-11-17

The article explores methodological approaches to the optimization of financial streams in corporate logistics systems within the railway transport sector. Given the capital-intensive and tariff-regulated nature of railway operations, efficient financial management becomes a decisive factor for maintaining liquidity and profitability. The study aims to systematize tools and models that enhance financial coordination and reduce transaction inefficiencies across logistics networks. The research builds upon the theoretical frameworks of V.I. Sergeev, V.V. Dybska, and E.I. Zaitsev, complemented by recent international studies on supply chain finance and digital logistics management.

The methodological foundation integrates budgeting, scenario modeling, correlation analysis, and digital predictive tools that link operational and financial indicators. Results indicate that data-driven optimization and ERP integration substantially improve financial turnover, shorten payment cycles, and mitigate liquidity risks. The findings contribute to the refinement of methodological perspectives in financial logistics and support the transition of railway enterprises toward analytical, risk-oriented, and sustainable models of financial management

ВЛИЯНИЕ БАНКОВ ВТОРОГО УРОВНЯ НА МАЛЫЙ И СРЕДНИЙ БИЗНЕС В КАЗАХСТАНЕ

СМАГУЛОВ А.М. — 2025-11-17

В этой статье разбирается роль банков второго уровня в Казахстане. Они помогают развивать малый и средний бизнес с 2022 по 2025 годы. Там смотрят, как менялось число действующих предприятий МСБ. Обсуждают, что влияло на активность тех, кто занимается предпринимательством. Особо акцент на кредитной помощи от банков и государственных программах по финансированию. По материалам Национального банка РК, АРРФР, это Агентство Республики Казахстан по регулированию и развитию финансового рынка, плюс официальной статистике, видно, что проще доступные кредиты, цифровые услуги и свежие финансовые инструменты дали толчок росту МСБ. Статья отмечает ключевые трудности в секторе. К ним относятся высокие ставки по кредитам, дефицит средств на длительные периоды, а также неравномерность финансирования по разным регионам. Там же описывают варианты, как можно укрепить партнерство между банками и бизнесом. Плюс, пути для улучшения всей финансовой системы в целом

GENERATIVE AI FOR FINTECH: INTELLIGENT MODELS FOR FINANCIAL INNOVATION

Akhmetov R. R. — 2025-11-17

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is reshaping the financial technology (FinTech) sector by enabling intelligent models for innovation in banking, insurance, and investment. This paper presents a framework that applies generative models including Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance fraud detection, risk management, customer personalization, and automated compliance reporting. The study demonstrates how synthetic data generation and intelligent automation can improve decision-making processes in financial institutions. Ethical and regulatory considerations are also discussed, highlighting the importance of transparency and responsible AI adoption in FinTech

ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A REGENERATIVE ENERGY ELEVATOR DRIVE SYSTEM IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS FOR REDUCING POWER CONSUMPTION

Harunov A.T. — 2025-11-17

Enhancing the energy efficiency of engineering systems in residential buildings is a critical objective of modern resource conservation. One promising solution is the use of regenerative energy, which allows for the recovery of a portion of previously consumed electrical energy and its reuse within the building's power system. The application of regeneration is particularly significant for elevator installations, which can account for up to a quarter of a building's total energy consumption. During elevator operation—such as during braking, the upward movement of an empty car, or the downward movement of a loaded car—the electric drive enters a generator mode, enabling it to produce electrical energy. The nature and magnitude of the regeneration are determined by the dynamic parameters of the movement and the efficiency of the power conversion chain. Traditional systems equipped with braking resistors dissipate excess energy as heat, preventing its beneficial use. In contrast, modern systems based on energy storage devices or grid-tie inverters allow for the storage or return of regenerated energy back to the building's electrical grid. This leads to a reduction in the load on the power system, decreased thermal losses, and an improvement in the overall energy efficiency of the elevator installation. The use of supercapacitors is effective for handling short-term power surges, while battery modules are suitable for accumulating significant amounts of energy and optimizing consumption patterns. The analysis has shown that the application of regeneration can achieve up to 20% energy savings for the elevator and increase the system efficiency to 90–95%. The further development of energy storage technologies, improvements in control systems, and integration with smart grids open up new opportunities for enhancing the efficiency of elevator installations. Energy regeneration is becoming a vital element of sustainable urban infrastructure, reducing energy costs and improving the environmental safety of buildings

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ДИОКСИДА АЗОТА В ТРОПОСФЕРНОМ СЛОЕ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ КЕЛЬБАДЖАРСКОГО РАЙОНА НА ОСНОВЕ СПУТНИКОВЫХ ДАННЫХ

Искендерзаде Эльчин Барат оглы — 2025-12-16

В последние годы мониторинг атмосферы и оценка воздействия человеческой деятельности на окружающую среду приобретают глобальное значение. Исследования в этой области, особенно касающиеся распределения газовых выбросов в атмосфере и их влияния на здоровье человека, дают ценную информацию. В данной статье поднимается вопрос исследования диоксида азота (NO₂) в тропосферном слое на территории Кельбаджарского района на основе спутниковых данных. [1]

Sentinel-5P (Sentinel-5 Precursor) – это спутниковая миссия, разработанная специально для мониторинга атмосферы в рамках программы "Коперник" Европейского космического агентства (ЕКА). Запущенный на орбиту в 2017 году, Sentinel-5P оснащен передовым инструментом под названием TROPOMI (TropoSphere Monitoring Instrument). Этот инструмент позволяет с высокой точностью измерять различные газы и аэрозоли в атмосфере, включая угарный газ, метан, диоксид азота, озон, диоксид серы и аэрозоли. Эти данные имеют критическое значение для оценки качества воздуха, анализа изменений климата и мониторинга ультрафиолетового излучения. [2]

Атмосфера Земли, начиная от поверхности, делится на несколько слоев, идущих вверх: тропосфера, стратосфера, мезосфера, термосфера (ионосфера) и экзосфера. Самым нижним и ближайшим к Земле слоем является тропосфера. Тропосфера содержит более 80% массы атмосферы, и именно в этом слое происходят все погодные явления, такие как ветер, образование облаков, осадки и другие метеорологические процессы. С увеличением высоты температура и давление в тропосфере уменьшаются. Толщина тропосферы варьируется в зависимости от географического положения: в умеренных широтах она составляет 10-11 км, на экваторе – 17-18 км, а на полюсах – 8-9 км.

АРХИТЕКТУРАЛЫҚ ДИЗАЙНДА REVIT ЖӘНЕ 3DS MAX БАҒДАРЛАМАЛАРЫН ҚОЛДАНУ АРҚЫЛЫ СТУДЕНТТЕРДІҢ КӨРКЕМ ҚИЯЛЫН ДАМЫТУ

Ажитаев Н. Е. — 2025-11-17

Бұл мақалада архитектуралық дизайн саласында Revit және 3ds Max бағдарламаларын қолданудың студенттердің шығармашылық және көркем қиялын дамытудағы рөлі қарастырылады. Сандық модельдеу, визуализация және жобалау процестерін біріктіру студенттердің кәсіби дағдыларын жетілдіріп қана қоймай, олардың кеңістіктік ойлау қабілетін арттыратыны дәлелденеді. Сонымен қатар инновациялық педагогикалық әдістер мен пәнаралық оқыту тәсілдерінің бұл бағдарламалармен үйлесімділігі және Revit пен 3ds Max арасындағы технологиялық интеграция қарастырылады

Su Müharibələri: Kürənin Ən Qiymətli Resursunun Paylanma Coğrafiyası

Əliyeva Şəfəq Məmməd qızı — 2025-11-17

Şirin su, Yer kürəsində həyatın və iqtisadi inkişafın əsası olan kritik strateji resursdur. Lakin onun paylanması coğrafi cəhətdən son dərəcə qeyri-bərabərdir. Bu disbalans, xüsusilə son onilliklərdə, əhali artımı, urbanizasiya və kənd təsərrüfatının intensivləşməsi ilə birləşərək, su ehtiyatlarını geosiyasi gərginliyin və potensial münaqişələrin mərkəzinə çevirmişdir. "Su Müharibələri" termini, transsərhəd çay hövzələrində suyun tənzimlənməsi uğrunda gedən siyasi mübarizəni təsvir edir. Bu məqalə suyun paylanma coğrafiyasını, iqlim dəyişikliyinin təsirini, əsas münaqişə zonalarını və dayanıqlı su diplomatiyasının əhəmiyyətini dərindən analiz edir.

THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION AS A TOOL FOR DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE TRADE CORRIDORS IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Bitleuov A.A. — 2025-11-17

This study examines the role of the SCO as a regional mechanism for developing sustainable trade corridors within the contemporary system of international relations. Employing a comparative and institutional approach, the research focuses on the Central Asian member states Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan as key participants in the SCO’s connectivity and sustainability agenda. The study integrates qualitative analysis of official documents, policy frameworks, and multilateral initiatives with empirical data on trade, infrastructure, and environmental performance. The findings demonstrate that the SCO has transformed from a security-oriented coalition into a multidimensional platform promoting economic integration, ecological modernization, and green logistics across Eurasia. The comparative analysis reveals asymmetries among member states but also a complementary regional pattern, wherein Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan act as infrastructural and policy leaders, while Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan contribute through transit and energy cooperation. A SWOT assessment highlights the SCO’s strengths in strategic geography, institutional inclusivity, and its expanding sustainability agenda, while also identifying weaknesses such as limited institutionalization and uneven environmental standards. The research concludes that the SCO serves as an emerging model of sustainable regionalism, capable of balancing economic growth, environmental protection, and geopolitical stability. It contributes to both theoretical and practical understanding of how regional organizations can advance sustainable globalization in a multipolar world

МИНДАЛЕВИДНОЕ ТЕЛО: ФУНКЦИИ, СВЯЗЬ С ЛИМБИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМОЙ, КРУГ ПЕЙПЕЦА, ВЗГЛЯД СО СТОРОНЫ АНАТОМИИ

Сүлейменова Анар Жұмақанқызы — 2025-11-17

Анатомическое строение амигдалы. Миндалевидное тело представляет собой скопление из более чем десятка отдельных ядер, которые группируются в несколько отделов. Основные группы ядер – это: базолатеральная (боковая и базальные ядра), центромедиальная (центральное и медиальное ядра) и кортикомедиальная (корковые ядра, связанные с обонятельной системой). Базолатеральный комплекс филогенетически самый новый и крупный; он имеет обширные взаимные связи с ассоциативными областями неокортекса всех модальностей (слуховой, зрительной, соматосенсорной). Именно через него в амигдалу поступает поток сенсорной информации от внешнего мира, благодаря чему базолатеральная группа считается «зоной сенсорной конвергенции» в амигдале. Кортикомедиальные ядра, напротив, филогенетически древнее и связаны преимущественно с обонятельными путями – они получают прямые обонятельные афференты из обонятельной луковицы и по праву считаются частью обонятельного мозга. Кортикомедиальный отдел проецирует в гипоталамус (в вентромедиальное ядро) и участвует в пищевом поведении и реакции насыщения. Центральное ядро миндалевидного тела – это главный эфферентный центр; оно получает обработанные сигналы от базолатеральных ядер и само отправляет мощные проекции в гипоталамус и стволовые центры (например, парабрахиальное ядро, серое вещество вокруг водопровода). Благодаря этому центральное ядро запускает вегетативные и моторные компоненты эмоциональных реакций – его образно называют «зоной двигательной дивергенции» амигдалы. Помимо названных основных групп, в составе комплекса присутствуют мелкие межъядерные вставочные клетки (интернейроны), а также область перехода к гиппокампу (амигдалогиппокампальная область).

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES OF EARLY DETECTION OF MALIGNANT TUMORS: THE ROLE OF ONCOLOGICAL SCREENING

Arman Khozhayev — 2025-11-17

In this scientific and analytical work, the indicators of incidence and mortality from cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer in the regions of our country are considered. The screening methods currently used and the results of this preventive survey of the population are described in detail. Detailed step-by-step algorithms are presented, and the principles of organization and diagnostic capabilities of the screening program for the active detection of these nosological forms of malignant neoplasms in clinically asymptomatic individuals are reflected

ОСОБЕННОСТИ КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО ТЕЧЕНИЯ АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКОГО РИНИТА: ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ

Шамахунова Зульфира Ашмахуновна — 2025-11-17

Аллергический ринит – это широко распространенное заболевание, которое по решению Всемирной организации здравоохранения является индикатором здоровья населения. Исследования велись в период с 2020-2025 годы, оценивали заболеваемость детей в возрасте от 0-13 лет.

Развитие аллергического ринита зависит от основных параметров помещения, в котором ребенок проводит большую часть дня. При средней температуре воздуха в 23 °С и влажности 60 % количество детей с развитым аллергическим ринитом составляет 9 %, в то время как при влажности

воздуха ниже 40 % и его температуре выше 27 °С количество заболевших вырастает многократно. Полученные данные продемонстрировали прямую зависимость развития отоларингологических заболеваний от таких параметров помещения как температура и влажность. Соблюдение рекомендуемых параметров для обозначенных показателей позволит сократить число детей страдающих аллергической формой ринита.

Ключевые слова: ринит, аллергия, экология помещений, влажность воздуха.

CLINICOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CELLULITIS THROUGH ALT-70 SCORING AND ERON SEVERITY INDICES WITH QUALITY-OF-LIFE CORRELATION

Shaikh Sohail A. — 2025-11-17

Cellulitis is an acute bacterial infection involving the dermis and subcutaneous tissues, characterized by erythema, warmth, swelling, and tenderness of the affected area, most frequently the lower limbs. It is predominantly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, though polymicrobial infections may occur in immunocompromised individuals. Despite advancements in antimicrobial therapy, cellulitis continues to impose a significant clinical and economic burden due to its recurrence and potential complications such as abscess formation and lymphangitis. The present manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, and management strategies for cellulitis, integrating both pharmacological and non-pharmacological perspectives. Literature from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and other scientific databases was critically analysed to summarize contemporary evidence and guidelines. Management involves prompt initiation of empiric antibiotic therapy targeting gram-positive cocci, supported by wound care, skin hygiene, and the control of predisposing factors such as diabetes and obesity. Non-pharmacological interventions, including limb elevation, compression therapy, and proper moisturization, are equally essential in preventing recurrence and improving patient quality of life. A multidisciplinary and preventive approach emphasizing patient education, early diagnosis, and adherence to hygiene measures remains pivotal in reducing morbidity and recurrence rates. Thus, holistic management of cellulitis encompassing both pharmacologic precision and supportive care forms the cornerstone for improved therapeutic outcomes and sustainable infection control.