Research Retrieval and Academic Letters

FEATURES OF THE BUDGETING PROCESS

2025-12-14T15:50:37+00:00

Budgeting is a key management tool for modern companies building an effective planning system. The stability and development of an organization largely depend on how competently the budget formation process is organized and what principles underlie it. Plans may vary in detail, duration, and level of ambition, but their mandatory characteristics are realism, consistency, and alignment with the overall strategy of the enterprise.

Regardless of the scale of the business, its field of activity, or market position, a well-developed plan helps unite employees around common goals. The effectiveness of a company's work is determined by how harmoniously the plans of individual structural units are linked together. The personality of the manager also plays a significant role: their professionalism, exactingness, and authority have a significant impact on the successful implementation of the budgeting system.

At the same time, poorly drafted plans inevitably lead to negative consequences. Underestimated indicators, excessively long deadlines, or unreasonable targets undermine employee motivation, reduce trust in the management system, and raise doubts about the team's ability to achieve its goals.

The planning process must ensure that the company's strategic objectives are achieved within the set deadlines, and the manager must coordinate the actions of all participants, applying a systematic approach based on knowledge, experience, and the ability to translate strategic guidelines into clear and motivating actions for the team

PLANNING AND FORECASTING THE REDUCTION OF PRODUCTION COSTS

2025-12-14T17:34:29+00:00

One of the main indicators of a company's performance is the cost of production. This is the total amount of expenses incurred in monetary terms for the production and sale of goods. Thus, it determines the overall efficiency of production.

The economic content of production costs is compensation for incurred expenses and ensuring simple reproduction, production reserves, and labor for all elements produced at the expense of this element. Meanwhile, the most important elements of an enterprise's cost price are: depreciation, the cost of material resources consumed, and wages - the main statuses of these costs.

In addition, the enterprise simultaneously incurs other expenses: maintenance of social facilities, contributions to extrabudgetary funds - these expenses constitute additional expenses of the enterprise.

Cost determines the following important performance indicators: the level and dynamics of profit and profitability. The significance of cost is determined by the functions it performs.

Cost price is a wide range of product costs. The essence of this is that the cost price of products ensures the expenditure of production resources.
Cost price is the basis for forming the selling price, and its unaccounted conduct cannot serve as a basis for price formation.
Calculation of profit based on cost price, profitability of certain products, i.e., the feasibility of their production.

Kaspi.kz’s IPO and Its Impact on Kazakhstan’s Stock Market

2025-12-14T17:37:34+00:00

Liquidity, accompanied by institutional involvement and international visibility, has always been on the lower side when it comes to discussing the capital market of Kazakhstan. In 2020, an initial public offering by Kaspi.kz—the leading fintech and e-commerce platform from Kazakhstan—made a significant turn raising almost USD 1 billion via dual listing on the London Stock Exchange and Astana International Exchange. This paper will try to look at the Kaspi.kz IPO as a transformative event that took place for both the firm and the Kazakhstani capital market. Through the application of an event-study methodology, abnormal stock returns, trading activity, and post-IPO performance are determined against LSEG market data, financial statements of issuers, as well as domestic market indicators. Kaspi.kz did generate very high positive abnormal returns accompanied by acceleration in revenue and net income post-listing. This picture goes a long way in reflecting what investor confidence in the company’s digital ecosystem and operational model can do. Beyond firm-level analysis, the study shows that the IPO was able to act as a catalyst on a broader scale for market development in Kazakhstan. This event helped to improve general investor sentiment while increasing liquidity on AIX and apparently helping new brokerage account openings and subsequent listings which comprise major offerings like KazMunayGas. Essentially, the Kaspi.kz IPO proves how the successful listing of a domestic technology leader can spearhead capital-market modernization, fast-track strengthening international credibility, and work on investment behaviour transformation in emerging markets.

AZƏRBAYCAN ÜZƏRİNDƏN KEÇƏN ORTA DƏHLİZİN GEOİQTİSADİ ÜSTÜNLÜKLƏRİ VƏ BEYNƏLXALQ TİCARƏTƏ TƏSİRİ

2025-12-14T17:44:39+00:00

Orta Dəhliz (Trans-Xəzər Beynəlxalq Nəqliyyat Marşrutu) Çin və Avropa arasında Azərbaycan üzərindən keçən yeni nəqliyyat dəhlizidir. Bu məqalədə Orta Dəhlizin geoiqtisadi üstünlükləri və qlobal ticarətə təsiri təhlil edilir. Araşdırma göstərir ki, Orta Dəhliz Şimal marşrutu ilə müqayisədə daha qısa və sürətlidir, Rusiya və İranı kənar keçərək sanksiya risklərini azaldır.[1]Dəhlizin inkişafı Azərbaycan, Qazaxıstan, Gürcüstan və Türkiyə kimi tranzit ölkələrə yeni iqtisadi imkanlar açır, regional əməkdaşlığı gücləndirir və beynəlxalq ticarət əlaqələrini şaxələndirir.6. 2022-ci ildən etibarən Ukraynada müharibə fonunda Orta Dəhliz vasitəsilə yük daşımaları kəskin artmış, 2023-cü ildə 2,8 milyon tona çatmışdır ki, bu da əvvəlki illə müqayisədə 86% artım deməkdir 5. Bununla yanaşı, marşrutun tam potensiala çatması üçün infrastrukturun təkmilləşdirilməsi, rəqəmsal koordinasiya və sərhəd prosedurlarının sadələşdirilməsi tələb olunur. Nəticə etibarilə, Orta Dəhliz Azərbaycanın və ümumən regionun ticarət-tranzit mərkəzi kimi rolunu gücləndirərək qlobal ticarətdə yeni bir istiqamət formalaşdırır.

Финансовая устойчивость банков: современные подходы и международный опыт

2025-12-14T18:20:35+00:00

В условиях растущей волатильности рынка, геополитической напряженности и стремительно развивающихся финансовых инноваций традиционных методов оценки банковской устойчивости уже недостаточно. Возрастающая сложность банковских операций и нормативных требований обуславливает необходимость использования количественных моделей, основанных на данных, для выявления уязвимостей на ранней стадии. Моделирование финансовой стабильности позволяет заинтересованным сторонам оценить не только текущее состояние банка, но и его способность противостоять внешним шокам, кризисам ликвидности или ухудшению кредитного качества – факторам, которые особенно актуальны в странах с развивающейся и переходной экономикой. МВФ (2023) [1] подчеркивает растущую сложность финансовых систем (развивающиеся классы активов, взаимосвязанные небанковские организации и всепроникающая геополитическая неопределенность), которую традиционные меры банковской устойчивости не могут адекватно отразить. В отчете Международного Валютного фонда утверждается, что расширенное стресс-тестирование, макропруденциальный надзор и модели риска, основанные на данных, являются важнейшими инструментами для мониторинга уязвимостей и повышения устойчивости в нестабильных условиях

Вопросы налогообложения на углеродные выбросы: мировой опыт проводимых реформ

2025-12-14T19:29:33+00:00

Статья посвящена анализу современных подходов к налогообложению углеродных выбросов и сравнительному обзору международной практики внедрения экологически ориентированных налоговых реформ. В работе рассматриваются ключевые модели углеродного ценообразования, включая углеродный налог и системы торговли выбросами, а также оценивается их эффективность в снижении парниковых газов и стимулировании технологической модернизации. Особое внимание уделено опыту стран Европейского союза, где действуют наиболее развитые механизмы регулирования углеродного следа. Проанализированы экономические, правовые и социальные последствия введения углеродных налогов, а также выявлены основные проблемы и барьеры, возникающие в процессе реформ. На основе международного опыта сформулированы рекомендации по совершенствованию национальной системы углеродного регулирования. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при разработке климатической политики и формировании стратегий устойчивого развития

Капитал нарықтарының Қазақстан Республикасының экономиқалық дамумен өзара байланысы

2025-12-14T19:34:52+00:00

Бұл мақалада Қазақстан Республикасының капитал нарықтарының елдің экономикалық дамуымен өзара байланысы жан-жақты талданады. Капитал нарығы — ұлттық эконоиканың маңызды бөлігі ретінде инвестиция тарту, қаржы ресурстарын тиімді бөлу және экономикалық өсуді қамтамасыз ету құралы болып табылады. Зерттеуде қор және облигациялық нарықтардың дамуы, олардың экономикалық тұрақтылыққа және жеке сектор белсенділігіне ықпалы қарастырылады. Сонымен қатар, капитал нарығын жетілдірудің институционалдық және нормативтік негіздері мен болашақтағы даму бағыттары талқыланады

Бюджетные отношения и межбюджетные связи в зелёных финансах (green finance)

2025-12-14T19:39:38+00:00

Парижское соглашение 2015 года обязало правительства принять меры по сокращению выбросов парниковых газов и ограничению изменения климата. Правительства подтвердили это обязательство в рамках программ восстановления после пандемии, стремясь «восстановить лучше, чем прежде» за счет амбициозных «зеленых» инвестиций. Выполнение обязательств по борьбе с изменением климата и реализация обещаний в области «зеленых» инвестиций потребуют быстрых экономических, социальных и технологических преобразований, а также новых бюджетных рамок для их поддержки.

В современных бюджетных рамках правительства обычно вводят для себя финансовые ограничения, чтобы сдержать краткосрочные соблазны в погоне за долгосрочной устойчивостью. Можно ли применить передовые методы институционального проектирования, помогающие правительствам придерживаться фискальных правил, к выполнению экологических обещаний?

Почему частные рынки часто не обеспечивают эффективного уровня общественных благ в зелёных финансах (green finance)

2025-12-14T19:44:12+00:00

В статье рассматриваются причины, по которым частные рынки часто не способны обеспечить эффективный уровень общественных благ в сфере зелёных финансов. Анализ базируется на международных исследованиях и практиках, включая работы OECD (2016), CCICED (2015), Fedotova (2020), CPI (2015), а также исследования по поведенческим аспектам инвестиций в зелёные технологии (Knobloch & Mercure, 2016) и моделированию социальных и экономических переходов (Holtz et al., 2015). Особое внимание уделяется экономическим, институциональным и правовым факторам, ограничивающим эффективность рыночного механизма в предоставлении экологических и климатических общественных благ, а также инструментам государственного вмешательства, включая зелёное бюджетирование, зелёные инвестиционные банки и фискальные стимулы. В статье обобщается международный опыт и рассматриваются примеры развития рынка зелёного финансирования в Казахстане, что позволяет выявить ключевые барьеры и возможности для повышения эффективности финансирования общественных экологических благ. Полученные выводы имеют практическое значение для формирования стратегий государственной политики и механизмов стимулирования зелёных инвестиций, направленных на достижение устойчивого и климатически ориентированного развития.

Организационные основы государственного аудита Республики Казахстан

2025-12-14T19:48:42+00:00

В статье рассматриваются организационные основы государственного аудита операционного продвижения экономики и финансовых активов на примере Республики Казахстан. Исследование направлено на анализ институциональной структуры и функциональных механизмов государственного аудита, обеспечивающих эффективность использования государственных финансовых ресурсов и активов в условиях реализации социально-экономической политики государства. Особое внимание уделяется роли государственного аудита в оценке результативности и целесообразности бюджетных расходов, управлении государственными финансовыми активами, а также обеспечении прозрачности и подотчётности в системе публичных финансов. В работе анализируются современные подходы к организации операционного аудита, практика внедрения результат-ориентированных методов контроля и международный опыт, адаптируемый к условиям Казахстана. На основе анализа национальной нормативно-правовой базы и отчетных материалов государственных органов выявлены ключевые проблемы и ограничения функционирования системы государственного аудита, а также предложены направления её совершенствования в целях повышения эффективности операционного продвижения экономики и устойчивого развития финансовых активов страны

Development Trends of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Kazakhstan

2025-12-15T06:17:23+00:00

In Kazakhstan, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have gradually shifted from being peripheral market actors to representing a meaningful part of the country’s broader economic transition. Their contribution extends beyond employment creation; SMEs increasingly serve as channels for technology adoption, local market diversification, and regional economic activity. This article reviews the current trajectory of SME development by looking at macroeconomic influences, sectoral movement, and operational constraints frequently reported by firms. It then highlights emerging opportunities tied to digitalization, agritech modernization, and Kazakhstan’s growing role in transcontinental logistics. The discussion aims to provide a balanced picture of both progress and persistent challenges, offering insights that may be useful for policymakers and practitioners supporting the sector’s evolution.

FEATURES OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR FORECASTING THE SECURITIES MARKET

2025-12-15T07:24:20+00:00

This scientific article provides a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of artificial intelligence (AI) application in forecasting securities market dynamics. Based on a systematic review of the literature, it examines key machine learning and deep learning methods, their advantages, limitations, and practical applications. Particular attention is paid to the integration of AI with big data processing, time series analysis, and semantic analysis. The results demonstrate the potential of AI to improve the accuracy of forecasts, but highlight challenges related to data quality, overfitting, and model interpretability. The article is aimed at specialists in the fields of financial technology, machine learning, and economics

АГРАРЛЫҚ СЕКТОРДА ЦИФРЛЫҚ МАРКЕТИНГТІК СТРАТЕГИЯНЫ ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУ: ЖЕТІСУ ОБЛЫСЫ МЫСАЛЫНДА

2025-12-15T07:42:04+00:00

Жетісу облысының аграрлық секторында цифрлық маркетингтік стратегияны қалыптастыру мәселелері қарастырылады. Аймақтың тұрақты даму жағдайында ауыл шаруашылығының тиімділігін арттыру, өнімнің бәсекеге қабілеттілігін күшейту және цифрлық технологияларды енгізу арқылы нарықтық қатынастарды жетілдіру жолдары талданады. Зерттеу нәтижелері аграрлық секторда цифрлық маркетингтік стратегияны қалыптастырудың аймақтық ерекшеліктерін ескере отырып, тиімді шешімдер ұсынуға бағытталған.

From Tea to Kumiss: Coding “Li-Qun-Du” Care Scripts into Belt-and-Road Tunnel Performance

2025-12-15T08:32:09+00:00

At the moment of the in-depth reconstruction of the global value chain and the high-quality joint construction of the “Belt and Road”, Chinese engineering construction companies are moving from “equipment going to sea” and “engineering going to sea” to “concept going to sea” and “culture going to sea”. The Luang Prabang station building of the China-Laos Railway, the Karawang beam yard of the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway, and the Novi Sad maintenance center of the Hungary-Serbia Railway are no longer just a physical collection of concrete and steel rails, but have become a place where the memory, institutional logic and emotional structure of different civilizations meet. However, the larger the scale of assets and the more diverse the stakeholders, the exponential increase in the coefficient of cultural friction: in the same project email, the Chinese side reads as “efficiency first,” but the foreign side regards it as “risk disregard”; in the same Gantt chart, the Chinese side sees “mission must be achieved,” but the foreign side questions “erosion of life.” The western cross-cultural framework, which has traditionally been based on Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions or Kluckhohn's value orientation, simplifies cultural differences into calibrable "distances", but it is difficult to explain why the two central and south teams with similar scores in the collectivist dimension will still fall into a protracted tug-of-war over “who has the right to stop safe operations.” The crux is that the Western paradigm presupposes the underlying order of “rule-contract-individual", while Chinese engineering companies carry the civilized gene of ”relationship-affection-community". When the two meet in the high-coupling and high-stakes field of construction sites, there will inevitably be a mismatch of “the concept is sound, but the mindsets do not align”.

Strategic management and practice of new energy projects in Central Asia under the ”Belt and Road" Initiative

2025-12-15T08:42:17+00:00

In the context of global climate change response and sustainable development promotion, the energy system is accelerating the transition to clean and low-carbon, and new energy sources have become the core of global energy investment and the new engine of economic growth.The connotation of the “Belt and Road” initiative proposed by China in 2013 has been extended from “hard connectivity” to the field of green development. The green “Belt and Road” focuses on international cooperation such as clean energy and green infrastructure, providing important support for global energy transformation.

The ”Belt and Road" initiative is highly compatible with the trend of global energy transformation, creating historical opportunities for new energy cooperation between Chinese enterprises and Central Asia.Central Asia is rich in solar, wind, and hydro energy resources, but its energy structure has long been dependent on fossil fuels, its infrastructure is weak, and its transformation needs are urgent.China has mature new energy technology, project experience and capital strength. Cooperation between the two sides can not only help Central Asia achieve energy independence and green development, but also help Chinese enterprises “go global” to expand the market and inject green connotations into the initiative.This research focuses on the new energy projects of Chinese enterprises in Central Asia, and discusses their strategic management models, practical paths and reference values for international cooperation.

Central Asia is located in the hinterland of Eurasia and is the core area of the “Silk Road Economic Belt”, with a key geostrategic position.The region is traditionally known for its oil and gas resources, and at the same time contains huge new energy potential: Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan have plenty of sunshine and are suitable for large-scale photovoltaic and wind power development; Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan are rich in hydroelectric resources and have the conditions for the development of hydropower and pumped storage.

Application of scenario analysis in Market Risk Management of Commercial Banks: International Practice and Case Studies

2025-12-15T08:50:24+00:00

In the context of global economic integration, increased volatility in financial markets, and increased geopolitical uncertainty, the market risks faced by commercial banks are becoming more and more complex and severe.Traditional risk management tools, such as the Value at Risk (VaR) model, although they play an important role in quantifying daily risks, have significant limitations in capturing extreme market events and systemic risks.The 2008 global financial crisis and the subsequent series of events such as the “London Whale” have exposed the risk of over-reliance on a single quantitative model, prompting the global banking industry and regulators to re-examine and strengthen the risk management framework.In this context, Scenario Analysis (Scenario Analysis), as a forward-looking risk management tool that can assess the potential losses of banks under specific and usually extremely unfavorable conditions, has become increasingly important.Scenario analysis can not only help banks identify and quantify “tail risks” that cannot be covered by traditional models, but also provide management with deep insights into strategic resilience, capital adequacy, and risk mitigation strategies, thereby transforming risk management from passive compliance requirements to active strategic advantages.

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ESG: ОТ КОРПОРАТИВНОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ К ГЛОБАЛЬНОЙ ПОВЕСТКЕ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

2025-12-15T09:55:01+00:00

Современные трансформации мировой экономики, сопровождающиеся усилением климатических и социальных рисков, а также кризисом доверия к корпоративным и государственным институтам, обусловливают необходимость пересмотра традиционных подходов к управлению и инвестированию. В этих условиях концепция ESG приобретает значение универсальной аналитической и управленческой рамки, направленной на согласование экономических, экологических и общественных интересов. Цель исследования заключается в выявлении истоков формирования ESG-подхода, раскрытии его современного значения для мировой экономики и определении перспектив дальнейшего развития в контексте институционализации стандартов устойчивого развития. Методологическая логика исследования основана на институциональном и сравнительно-аналитическом анализе, что позволяет проследить становление ESG как системы международных стандартов и регуляторных практик. В работе систематизированы ключевые принципы, индикаторы и инструменты экологической, социальной и управленческой ответственности, сформированные в рамках ведущих международных инициатив и нормативных документов, а также выделены основные направления практического применения ESG-стандартов в корпоративном секторе и инвестиционной деятельности. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о том, что интеграция ESG-факторов способствует повышению прозрачности корпоративного управления, снижению финансовых и репутационных рисков, росту инвестиционной привлекательности компаний, а также укреплению доверия между бизнесом, обществом и государством

PROMOTION OF HUMANISM IDEAS IN THE CREATIVE WORK OF NIZAMI GANDJAVI

2025-12-15T08:13:41+00:00

Nizami Gandjavi, one of the brightest figures of Azerbaijani and Eastern culture, is one of the geniuses who had an unparalleled impact on the development of world literary and philosophical thought. The great poet, thinker and humanist artist, who was formed in the city of Ganja in the 12th century, had a strong impact not only on the literary and social environment of his time, but also on the literary and social environment of subsequent centuries. His rich heritage is considered one of the beacons of Azerbaijani literature and occupies a special place in the formation of our national and cultural identity.

Nizami's creativity acts not only as an example of artistic creativity in the history of Azerbaijani cultural thought, but also as a deep spiritual and philosophical source. In his works, concepts such as man, society, justice, freedom, morality, spirituality are widely covered. The poet accepts the spiritual perfection and moral exaltation of man as the main criterion, and values him as a supreme being. The ideas put forward by Nizami in this direction have had a strong influence on the formation of Azerbaijani enlightenment, the national awakening movement, and modern humanist thought.

The poet also played an exceptional role in the worldwide promotion of Azerbaijani culture. Nizami's works have spread throughout the widest geographical space of the East, have been translated into Persian, Turkish, Arabic, Urdu, Armenian, Georgian, Russian, and European languages, and many artists have created poems, operas, paintings, and musical pieces based on his motifs. The poetic direction known as the "Nizami tradition" in world literature has given a serious impetus to the rise of the international prestige of Azerbaijani culture.

The article extensively examines the artistic presentation of the images of ordinary people, hard workers, and heroes of labor in Nizami Ganjavi's work, and how humanist ideas are propagated through these images. At the same time, the socio-philosophical burden of his works, the relevance of humanist ideals for the modern era are also analyzed with a scientific approach.

ЖЕТІСУ ӨҢІРІ ТЕКЕЛІ–ҮШТӨБЕ АЙМАҒЫНДАҒЫ 2011–2024 ЖЫЛДАРДАҒЫ ҚАР ҚАЛЫҢДЫҒЫНЫҢ ДИНАМИКАСЫН ТАЛДАУ ЖӘНЕ МАТЕМАТИКАЛЫҚ МОДЕЛІ

2025-12-14T18:02:01+00:00

Бұл жұмыста Жетісу облысының Текелі–Үштөбе аймағындағы 2011–2024 жылдар аралығында қалыптасқан қар жамылғысының көпжылдық өзгерістері статистикалық тәсілдер көмегімен зерттелді. Уақыттық қатар көрсеткіштері талданып, қар қабатының ұзақ мерзімді ауытқу бағыттары мен негізгі ерекшеліктері анықталды. Трендті бағалау үшін сызықтық регрессиялық үлгі, ал қатардың құрылымдық қасиеттерін сипаттау үшін ARIMA типіндегі модель қолданылды. Бөлініп алынған параметрлер негізінде алдағы жылдарға арналған болжам жасалып, зерттеу аумағында қар қалыңдығының баяу төмендеу үрдісі сақталатыны анықталды. Алынған нәтижелер өңірдегі климаттық өзгерістердің қар режиміне ықпалын бағалауға және табиғи ресурстарды жоспарлауға мүмкіндік береді.

Жетісу өңірінің Текелі – Үштөбе аймағындағы 2011–2024 жылдар аралығындағы көктем мезгіліндегі ауа температурасы өзгерістерін математикалық модельдеу және болжау Ғылыми жетекші:

2025-12-14T18:14:02+00:00

Бұл ғылыми зерттеу Жетісу өңірінің Текелі – Үштөбе аймағындағы 2011–2024 жылдар аралығындағы көктем мезгіліндегі орташа айлық ауа температурасының өзгерістерін талдауға, математикалық модель құруға және болашақ болжамдар жасауға арналған. Зерттеу 3-кестеде келтірілген нақты көпжылдық метеорологиялық деректерге сүйенеді. Жұмыс барысында уақыттық қатарлардың статистикалық талдауы жүргізіліп, сызықтық трендтік модель құрылды. Модель нәтижелері көктем мезгіліндегі температураның соңғы 14 жылда орта есеппен жылына 0,15°C-ге тұрақты түрде өсіп отырғанын көрсетті. Детерминация коэффициентінің мәні (R² = 0,82) модельдің нақтылығын және трендтің айқын екенін дәлелдейді. Зерттеу нәтижелері климат өзгерісін бағалау, аграрлық жоспарлау және аймақтық экологиялық мониторинг жүргізу үшін қолдануға болады.

АЛАКӨЛ КӨЛІНІҢ 2009–2015 ЖЫЛДАР АРАЛЫҒЫНДАҒЫ СУ ДЕҢГЕЙІНІҢ МАТЕМАТИКАЛЫҚ МОДЕЛІ: УАҚЫТТЫҚ ҚАТАРЛАР ТАЛДАУЫ ЖӘНЕ БОЛЖАУ

2025-12-14T19:58:48+00:00

Бұл мақалада Алакөл көлінің 2000–2024 жылдар аралығындағы айлық гидрологиялық деректеріне негізделген 2009–2015 жылдар аралығындағы су деңгейінің өзгеру динамикасын зерттеу нәтижелері ұсынылады. Зерттеу мақсаты — осы жылдар үшін уақыттық қатар негізіндегі математикалық модельді құру, коррелограмма тұрғызу және болжау мүмкіндігін бағалау.

Жұмыста графикалық талдау, автокорреляция (L = 1, 2, 3, 4), сырғыма орташа және полиномиалдық трендтік модельдер қолданылды. Нәтижелер көрсеткендей, көл деңгейінің уақыттық қатары айқын маусымдық сипатқа ие және 2009–2015 жылдары екі фазалы динамика байқалады: 2009–2011 жж. — өсу, 2012–2015 жж. — төмендеу. Алынған модельдер ішінен екінші ретті полиномиалдық трендтің сәйкестігі жоғары (R² ≈ 0.93), бұл оны болжау үшін тиімді модель ретінде қолдануға мүмкіндік береді.

Алакөл өзені деңгейінің 2000–2009 жылдар аралығындағы өзгерістерінің математикалық моделін құру және болжау

2025-12-14T20:03:27+00:00

Бұл зерттеу Алакөл өзенінің (2000–2009 жылдар аралығындағы) айлық деңгей деректерінің уақыттық қатары негізінде статистикалық талдау және математикалық модель құруға арналған. Жұмыстың мақсаты — деректерден негізгі тенденцияны анықтау, қарапайым регрессиялық модель құру, модельдің сенімділігін бағалау және қысқа мерзімді болжаулар жасау. Құжат құрылымы және әдістер жалпыға бірдей зерттеулер үлгісі ретінде Балқаш көлі бойынша жазылған шаблонға сәйкес жасалды.

Xidmətin həcminə təsir göstərən amilləri müəyyənləşdirilməsi

2025-12-15T10:02:03+00:00

Xidmətin əsas məqsədi, müştəri məmnuniyyətini artırmaqla yanaşı, müştərilərin ehtiyaclarına uyğun xidmətlər təqdim etməkdir. Bu məqsəd, müştəri əlaqələrini gücləndirmək, müştəri loyallığını artırmaq və müştəri bazasını genişləndirmək üçün vacibdir. Hədəflər arasında xidmətin keyfiyyətini artırmaq, müştəri geri dönüşlərini dinləmək və bu geri dönüşlərə əsaslanaraq xidmətin inkişafını təmin etmək də yer alır.

Bundan əlavə, xidmətin innovativ yanaşmalarla zənginləşdirilməsi, müasir texnologiyaların tətbiqi və xidmət proseslərinin optimallaşdırılması da hədəflər arasındadır. Bu, müştərilərə daha sürətli və effektiv xidmət təqdim etməyə kömək edir. Eyni zamanda, müştəri təcrübəsini artırmaq üçün müştəri xidmətləri işçilərinin peşəkarlığını artırmaq, onların təlim və inkişafına investisiya qoymaq da önəmlidir.

Nəticədə, xidmətin davamlılığını və müasir tələblərə uyğunluğunu təmin etmək, müştəri məmnuniyyətini artırmaqla yanaşı, təşkilatın reputasiyasını da müsbət yöndə inkişaf etdirmək məqsədini güdür. Bu yanaşmalar, müştəri əlaqələrinin daha da güclənməsinə və müsbət bir xidmət mühiti yaradılmasına gətirib çıxarır.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИСКУССТВЕННЫХ НЕЙРОННЫХ СЕТЯХ

2025-12-15T07:08:45+00:00

Сформулированы главные практические аспекты, связанные с обучением и требующие своего решения. Первый из них - выбор трейнингового образца и определение его размера (количество пикселей в образце). Второй - выбор постоянных коэфициентов обучения и третий – момент , когда необходимо остановить обучение

Механика бөлімін оқытуда оқушылардың өзіндік жұмыстарын ұйымдастыру әдістері

2025-12-20T21:27:43+00:00

Механика - мектеп физикасының іргелі бөлігі, алайда ұғымдық қиындықтар (күш, үдеу, инерция, энергия түрленуі) оқушының тек сабақ үстіндегі әрекетімен ғана толық меңгерілмейді. Осы мақалада механика бөлімінде оқушылардың өзіндік жұмысын ғылыми дәлелдерге сүйеніп ұйымдастырудың тәсілдері жүйеленеді және оқу-әрекетті басқаруға арналған авторлық протокол ұсынылады. Негізгі идея - өзіндік жұмысты тек «үй тапсырмасы» ретінде емес, мақсат қою, жоспарлау, мониторинг, қателерді талдау және дәлелді кері байланыс арқылы жүретін өзін-өзі реттеу циклі ретінде құрастыру. Теориялық негіз ретінде өзін-өзі реттейтін оқу тұжырымдамасы және интервенциялық зерттеулердің мета-талдаулары алынады. Әдістемелік әзірлеме механикадағы деңгейлік есептер, үлгі есептерді талдау, аралық өзін-өзі тексеру, уақыт бойынша бөлінген қайталау және жүйелі рефлексия сияқты компоненттерді біріктіреді. Нәтиже ретінде механикаға арналған өзіндік жұмыс типологиясы, 4 кезеңді ұйымдастыру протоколы, бағалау рубрикалары мен қателер журналының құрылымы ұсынылады. Ұсыныстар мұғалімнің басқарушы рөлін сақтай отырып, оқушының автономды оқу құзыретін арттыруға бағытталған

The Role of AI in Enhancing Pronunciation Training for ESL Learners

2025-12-14T15:28:39+00:00

This study explores the effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in improving pronunciation skills among English as a Second Language (ESL) learners. Pronunciation is a critical component of language proficiency, yet it is often challenging to teach and learn due to the lack of immediate, personalized feedback in traditional classroom settings. This research investigates how AI-powered tools, such as speech recognition and real-time feedback systems, can enhance pronunciation training by providing tailored exercises and corrective feedback. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative analysis of pre- and post-test scores with qualitative insights from learner feedback. Participants included 24 "Nomad" innovational school-lyceum students from diverse linguistic backgrounds, divided into an experimental group using AI tools and a control group receiving traditional instruction. Results indicated significant improvements in pronunciation accuracy and learner confidence in the experimental group, highlighting the potential of AI to transform pronunciation training. The findings offer valuable implications for educators, curriculum designers, and technology developers aiming to integrate AI into language learning. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of blending AI with human instruction to address limitations in prosody and interactional nuance. Future research is encouraged to examine long-term retention and the scalability of such tools in broader educational contexts.

The Impact of Digital Tools on the Professional Growth of Future English Teachers

2025-12-14T17:40:33+00:00

This article analyzes the impact of digital media on the professional development trajectory of future English language teachers in the context of the rapid digital transformation of the educational environment.

The focus is on studying the mechanisms by which the use of online platforms, mobile applications, interactive services, and artificial intelligence technologies contributes to the development of key professional skills: methodological competence, communication skills, digital literacy, and the ability to reflect and analyze. The empirical base of the study is based on data obtained from 6 teaching students and includes a set of methods: survey, direct observation and expert assessment.

The results demonstrate that the systematic introduction of digital technologies significantly enhances the readiness of future specialists for the innovative educational process, expands their tools for creating interactive educational content and deepens digital competence

PRİMARY CLASS İN A MULTİ-LEVEL EDUCATİONAL ENVİRONMENT APPROACH TO TEACHER TRAİNİNG

2025-12-14T19:53:43+00:00

The article analyzes the issue of primary school teacher training in a multi-level educational environment against the background of changing moral values and paradigms of social cognition in the globalized world. By joining the Bologna Agreement, the Republic of Azerbaijan implemented a new approach to the concept of multi-level education and, again, under the influence of the educational paradigm, implemented new projects and innovative changes. It is from this perspective that, taking into account the existence of a system of subjective relations emerging in the educational space of the republic, there is a need to study the scientific content of the concept of multi-level education in the training of primary school teachers. Multi-level education is an education that brings expediency to the teacher training process, as well as an impetus for the future teacher to continue self-education, self-improvement, self-enrichment, and self-awareness.

Multi-level education opens up new opportunities in the training of a competent primary school teacher who is able to self-enlighten and self-develop in a world that is constantly enriched with innovations. The new era dictates to a person new living conditions that change his inner world, and his existence depends on the ability to be stable in the modern world, on the one hand, and on the other - on the ability to change himself. Stereotypes of thinking in teaching activities lead to negative consequences in the training, upbringing and development of the growing generation. The article analyzes this issue and draws certain conclusions

PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF LEARNING DIFFICULTIES IN STUDENTS

2025-12-14T20:08:20+00:00

In recent years, data-driven educational technologies have become an essential part of modern smart learning environments. This paper focuses on developing a predictive analytics model aimed at the early detection of learning difficulties among students. The proposed approach uses machine learning techniques and academic performance data to support more accurate and timely decision-making by teachers and school administrators. In this study, multiple datasets were analyzed, including student attendance records, homework completion rates, assessment results, and behavioral indicators collected from digital learning platforms. The model was tested using correlation and regression analysis to identify relationships between academic activity patterns and early signs of learning challenges. The results showed that predictive analytics can reliably detect at-risk students before issues become severe, allowing for earlier intervention and personalized support. The project demonstrates how artificial intelligence can be applied to improve student outcomes, enhance the effectiveness of educational processes, and create more responsive and inclusive learning environments

USING AUTHENTIC VIDEO CONTENT TO FOSTER LINGUACULTURAL COMPETENCE AT THE BASIC STAGE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL

2025-12-14T20:12:56+00:00

This study explores the effectiveness of using authentic video materials to enhance listening comprehension and cultural awareness among students at the basic stage of secondary school. As many learners struggle with fast speech, unfamiliar vocabulary, and culturally embedded references, authentic videos offer both valuable learning opportunities and notable challenges. Data were collected through a structured survey and follow-up interviews to gain insight into students’ perceptions and experiences. The findings indicate that while students encounter various difficulties - such as rapid or unclear speech, idiomatic expressions, and culturally specific jokes - authentic videos significantly contribute to improving their understanding of real-life communication. Participants reported increased motivation, richer vocabulary development, and better recognition of natural speech patterns and gestures. Many students also noted that working with authentic materials made them feel more connected to real English-speaking environments, making the learning process more engaging and meaningful. Overall, the study suggests that integrating authentic videos into the EFL classroom can be highly beneficial when accompanied by appropriate scaffolding and pre-teaching strategies. The paper provides recommendations for effective implementation to support diverse learners.

DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE THROUGH AI-GENERATED COMMUNICATION SCENARIOS IN GRADE 10

2025-12-14T22:58:26+00:00

This study investigates the use of AI-generated communication scenarios as a practical tool for developing intercultural communicative competence (ICC) among Grade 10 EFL students. As adolescents often struggle with communicating effectively in intercultural contexts, AI-assisted scenarios provide an engaging and interactive platform to practice both language skills and cultural understanding. The findings indicate that these scenarios enhance students’ cultural awareness, communication confidence, and collaborative skills. Many participants reported that interacting with AI interlocutors allowed them to better recognize cultural differences, adapt their communication strategies, and feel more comfortable in intercultural exchanges. Вoth students and teachers expressed positive attitudes toward AI-generated scenarios, acknowledging their value as a supportive and innovative tool for fostering ICC. Overall, this study suggests that AI-assisted communication scenarios can be effectively integrated into secondary English classrooms to promote meaningful intercultural learning, provided that proper guidance and scaffolding are offered

PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF LEARNING MOTIVATION IN ADOLESCENTS

2025-12-14T23:03:18+00:00

The pedagogical and psychological analysis of adolescents’ learning motivation demonstrates that motivation during this developmental period emerges through the combined influence of individual psychological characteristics and the educational environment. The search for personal identity, emotional fluctuations, the development of self-regulation skills, and the increasing impact of social factors constitute key psychological determinants shaping adolescents’ academic engagement. Strengthening intrinsic motivation depends largely on meeting the adolescent’s needs for competence, autonomy, and social connectedness. Pedagogical factors, including teacher–student relationships, assessment methods, collaborative classroom climate, and instructional strategies—play a significant role in ensuring the stability and continuity of motivation. Enhancing the value of learning tasks, providing supportive teacher behavior, and applying growth-oriented, formative assessment practices promote higher levels of interest and participation among adolescents. Overall, the findings suggest that adolescents’ learning motivation is most effectively supported through educational environments that address their developmental needs and promote meaningful, student-centered learning experiences

PHYSICAL CULTURE AS A FACTOR IN ENHANCING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A CORRELATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN MOTOR ACTIVITY, COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS, AND GPA AMONG TECHNOLOGY AND BUSINESS STUDENTS

2025-12-14T23:12:46+00:00

In the context of increasing intellectual loads and widespread digitalization, the question of the influence of students' physical condition on their educational outcomes becomes particularly relevant. The purpose of this article is to conduct a correlation analysis and identify statistically significant connections between the level of physical activity, the state of cognitive functions (attention, working memory), and the indicator of academic performance (GPA) among students of K. Kulazhanov Kazakh University of Technology and Business . The study utilized methods of objective digital monitoring of physical activity and standardized psychophysiological tests. The findings confirm that regular moderate and vigorous physical activity positively affects executive brain functions, which is directly reflected in the growth of students' Grade Point Average. The results substantiate the necessity of rethinking the role of physical culture as a key tool in developing the intellectual potential of the student body

Adaptive Learning Methods: Personalized Education Through Intelligent Systems

2025-12-15T06:02:39+00:00

Adaptive learning employs artificial intelligence, learning analytics, and real-time data tracking to customize instruction according to each learner’s profile. By adjusting content, pace, and feedback, these systems enhance learner engagement, motivation, and academic achievement. This article examines the theoretical foundation of adaptive learning, its system architecture, advantages, challenges, ethical considerations, and emerging trends. Evidence-based examples and practical implementations are discussed to guide effective adoption and future research in various educational settings.

The Role of AI in Writing Assessment: A Comparison with Human Evaluation

2025-12-15T06:30:36+00:00

This study examines the use of AI-driven essay grading systems, focusing on tools like EssayGrader AI that assess student writing based on linguistic and structural criteria. While these AI systems provide efficient, objective, and scalable assessments, concerns arise regarding their ability to capture the creative, emotional, and contextual aspects of student work. The research compares AI grading with human evaluation, exploring both the practical applications and the emotional impact on students. Findings indicate that while AI offers benefits in efficiency and consistency, it falls short in understanding the human elements of writing. Future developments could enhance AI’s ability to comprehend these nuances, but caution is needed to avoid over-reliance on technology and potential bias. The study underscores the need for a balance between AI and human input to support effective educational assessment.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CRITERION-BASED ASSESSMENT IN EVALUATING DIALOGUE AND CONVERSATIONAL SKILLS

2025-12-15T06:57:06+00:00

This article presents the theoretical base for using criterion-based assessment to evaluate dialogue and conversational skills in secondary school English. Dialogue is treated as the most direct way to see communicative competence because it reveals how learners respond, question and negotiate meaning with a partner. The article argues that without criteria speaking remains judged by impression, which is neither fair nor useful for progress. Rubric based assessment makes dialogic ability visible through indicators of fluency, turn taking, vocabulary choice and pragmatic behavior. When teachers evaluate through criteria, students in Grades 7 and 8 develop clearer control of real communication, not only written accuracy.

Code-Switching Among English Majors During Group Discussions

2025-12-15T07:12:55+00:00

This study investigates how code-switching affects teamwork and academic communication among fourth-year university students during discussion tasks. Three group members with different proficiency levels demonstrated frequent shifts between English, Kazakh, and Russian. Although code-switching allowed quick clarification, observations revealed that it also led to uneven engagement, breakdowns in idea development, and reduced use of English. Using a small-scale research design, data were collected through a structured observation checklist, and brief semi-structured interviews. Findings show that lower-proficiency members relied on L1 for task comprehension, while higher-proficiency members code-switched mainly out of habit. An intervention based on explicit communication rules and vocabulary support was implemented. After the intervention, students used English more consistently and contributed more equally, indicating improved comprehension and task focus. The study suggests that university courses should incorporate strategy training and scaffolded academic English support to reduce unnecessary code-switching and improve collaborative learning outcomes.

Azərbaycan və fransız dillərində cümlənin müqayisəli təhlili

2025-12-15T08:08:13+00:00

Xarici dillərin tədrisi digər humanitar fənlərin tədrisindən özünün spesifikliyi ilə seçilir. Ənənəvi yanaşmaya görə, bu cür spesifiklik ilk növbədə xarici dil dərslərinin yeni məzmun verməkdən daha çox mövcud fikirləri yeni işarələr sisteminə çevirməyə xidmət etməsindən irəli gəlir. Xarici dillərin tədrisinin digər spesifikliyi isə dərslərin əvvəlki bilgilərə söykənməsi, dərslərarası zəncirvari əlaqədir ki, bu da onları dəqiq fənlərə yaxınlaşdırır. Xarici dilin tədrisi zamanı şagirdlərdə dilin komponentlərinin (tələffüz, lüğət və qrammatika) və dil bacarıqlarının (oxu, yazı, dinləmə və danışıq) inkişaf etdirilməsi diqqət mərkəzində durur və qiymətləndirmə də müvafiq olaraq bu meyarlarla həyata keçirilir.

PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE INSTRUCTION IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS WITHIN THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION

2025-12-15T10:18:40+00:00

In the context of increasing professional risks, digitalization of production processes, and rising demands for safe professional behavior, the improvement of occupational health and safety (OHS) education in higher education has become a pressing pedagogical challenge. This study aims to theoretically substantiate and experimentally verify pedagogical conditions for effective instruction in the fundamentals of occupational health and safety in higher education. The research was conducted at Ilyas Zhansugurov Zhetysu University and involved 92 undergraduate students divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental design integrated Scenario-Based Learning and Reflective Learning Circles, supported by a Competency-Based Assessment Framework. Quantitative analysis was performed using the Effectiveness Growth Index and comparative gain indicators. The results demonstrate a significantly higher level of competency development in the experimental group compared to the control group, particularly in cognitive-behavioral and motivational-value components of OHS culture. The findings confirm that the systematic integration of active and reflective pedagogical methods enhances students’ professional readiness for safe occupational behavior and supports the sustainable formation of occupational safety culture in higher education

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ДИФФУЗНО-ОТРАЖАТЕЛЬНОГО МЕТОДА ДЛЯ ДИАГНОСТИКИ СОСТОЯНИЯ ПЛОДООВОЩНОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ В ВИДИМОЙ ОБЛАСТИ СПЕКТРА

2025-12-15T10:35:20+00:00

Как отмечается в работе [1] диффузно-отражательная спектроскопия непрозрачных материалов позволяет проводить их исследование без необходимости их предварительной подготовки.

LEARNING ENGLISH THROUGH FAIRY TALES: STUDYING ENGLISH WITH THE HELP OF KAZAKH FAIRY TALES AND AI IN PRIMARY SCHOOL

2025-12-15T10:54:45+00:00

This article explores the integration of Kazakh fairy tales with artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the process of teaching English to primary school learners. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the combination of culturally meaningful storytelling and modern digital technologies can improve the process of language acquisition. The research employed linguistic analysis of fairy tales, AI-generated interactive exercises, classroom observation, and learner motivation surveys. The findings indicate that the use of AI-supported tasks based on Kazakh fairy tales contributes to the enrichment of students’ vocabulary, improves their text comprehension, and increases their engagement during lessons. The integration of traditional narrative materials with adaptive AI technologies creates an effective and age-appropriate learning environment. This approach supports both language development and the understanding of national cultural values among young learners.

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES TO CHILDREN WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENTS THROUGH THE USE OF AI-BASED TECHNOLOGIES

2025-12-15T11:04:44+00:00

This article examines innovative approaches to teaching foreign languages to children with hearing impairments through the integration of AI-based technologies. Hearing impairment causes numerous difficulties on the development of oral communication skills. Usually, rehabilitation is based either on spoken language or sign language. Foreign language learning among HI is no longer an exception but a frequent educational challenge, especially when HI learners are part of the inclusion process. Learners are faced not only with difficulties in speech perception but also insufficient L1 knowledge and together with their teachers with lack of proper teaching material, environmental support etc. In order to address this issue so that necessary advancement of the teaching process can be made, both qualitative and quantitative studies should be conducted. The study aims to identify effective digital tools and methods that enhance auditory, visual, and multi-modal language acquisition. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining literature analysis, observational data, and experimental activities with AI applications. The findings demonstrate that adaptive speech-to-text tools, visual recognition systems, interactive AI tutors, and gamified learning platforms significantly improve vocabulary acquisition, listening discrimination, and communicative competence. The study highlights the scientific and practical significance of implementing AI technologies in special education and provides recommendations for further research and pedagogical practice.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A TOOL FOR DEVELOPING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNERS

2025-12-15T11:19:20+00:00

This paper examines the effectiveness of artificial intelligence technologies in developing communicative competence among foreign language learners. The study provides an overview of major theoretical perspectives on communicative competence, highlighting its linguistic, sociolinguistic, discourse, and strategic components. The literature review demonstrates that AI supports personalized learning, creates interactive language environments, and offers rapid, accurate feedback. In the empirical part, ChatGPT, ELSA [6] Speak, Duolingo [4], and Grammarly [5] were used, and improvements in speaking, listening, reading, and writing were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. The results indicate significant skill enhancement, reduced speaking anxiety, increased motivation, and greater learner autonomy. Overall, the study confirms that AI is an effective and accessible tool for enhancing communicative competence.

DEVELOPING SPEAKING SKILLS THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: EFFECTIVE METHODS AND TOOLS

2025-12-15T11:23:06+00:00

This study examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies can effectively develop speaking skills in language education. The paper analyzes modern AI tools such as ELSA Speak, ChatGPT, and YouGlish, focusing on their pedagogical potential to improve pronunciation, fluency, and interactional competence. The research includes a theoretical review, a small-scale experimental observation with students, and qualitative feedback analysis. Results indicate that AI enhances learners’ autonomy and confidence by providing instant corrective feedback and continuous practice. The findings underline the growing importance of AI integration in pedagogical settings.

DEVELOPING FUNCTIONAL LITERACY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

2025-12-15T11:27:45+00:00

This article explores strategies and pedagogical approaches for developing functional literacy in primary school students. Functional literacy encompasses the ability to read, write, communicate, and apply knowledge in real-life contexts, making it a crucial foundation for a child’s academic and social development. The study aims to identify effective methods for enhancing functional literacy and analyze instructional practices through theoretical review and qualitative methodological analysis. Results highlight the importance of active learning, problem-solving tasks, multimodal resources, and integrated literacy instruction across subjects. The findings demonstrate that functional literacy develops most effectively when traditional teaching is combined with interactive, learner-centered techniques. The research underscores the significance of functional literacy for preparing young learners to participate meaningfully in modern society.

THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DIGITAL TOOLS TO SUPPORT MULTILINGUAL PRIMARY EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN

2025-12-15T11:42:16+00:00

The study examines effective methods for developing students’ lexico-grammatical skills in the context of multilingual education. The article analyzes methodological approaches aimed at enhancing speech skills within the process of language teaching. In addition, an experimental assessment is conducted to determine the effectiveness of the proposed technologies, and its results are described from a practical perspective. The research findings are complemented by scientific and methodological conclusions that contribute to improving the quality of education in a multilingual environment.

CHATGPT FOR DEVELOPING PRIMARY STUDENTS’ LANGUAGE SKILLS

2025-12-15T11:51:36+00:00

This study examines the ways of using ChatGPT to develop language skills in primary school students. The paper explores the potential of artificial intelligence in improving students’ listening, speaking, reading, and writing abilities. Additionally, it presents methods for adapting learning materials, creating individualized tasks, and increasing students’ motivation for language learning through ChatGPT. The research is theoretical in nature and does not include an experimental section. The aim is to demonstrate effective strategies for utilizing AI tools to make the English language learning process more engaging and efficient for primary school students

Роль и влияние медиа в освещении этнических конфликтов на постсоветском пространстве: казахстанский и международный опыт

2025-12-15T08:26:25+00:00

Данная статья является анализом роли медиа в освещении различных этнических конфликтов на территории бывшего Советского Союза с наиболее большим акцентом на казахстанский опыт. Рассматриваются все особенности диктовки и подачи информации, а также влияние журналистов, журналистики и медиа на восприятие обществом этнических конфликтов и вызовы цифровой эпохи в рассмотрении этнических конфликтов. Данная статья берет особенный акцент на опыт Казахстана, так как рассматриваются теоретические подходы к изучению воздействия медиа в ситуациях межэтнических конфликтов, напряженности, а также различные практические модели освещения этнических конфликтов в медиа, которые являются традиционными или новыми. На основе сравнения ситуации в Казахстане и опыта других стран, в том числе постсоветских государств, в статье показывается, каким образом структуризация, выбор тем, интерпретация этнических конфликтов, а также лексика, источники информации — как это все влияет на общественную оценку этнических конфликтов, а также может способствовать обострению либо снижению градуса конфронтации и конфликтов в обществе. Обозначаются риски использования языка враждебного в журналистике, а также стереотипных клише в освещении этнических конфликтов. Обсуждается миротворческий, гуманистический потенциал журналистики, а также конфликтологический потенциал медиа, и формируются предложения для совершенствования гуманистической роли журналистов, а также улучшения профессиональных стандартов в этнической тематике журналистики Казахстана и других стран.

Правовые и институциональные измерения трансформации Республики Казахстан: реализация повестки «Справедливого Казахстана»

2025-12-14T23:34:12+00:00

Настоящая статья посвящена системному анализу комплекса правовых и институциональных реформ, реализуемых в Республике Казахстан в рамках концептуальной программы «Справедливый Казахстан». Автором исследуется теоретико-правовое обоснование данной повестки, определяются ключевые направления конституционной модернизации, направленные на децентрализацию власти, усиление роли Парламента и местного самоуправления, а также повышение эффективности механизмов защиты прав человека. Особое внимание уделено проблемам имплементации принятых законодательных актов и вызовам, связанным с преодолением институциональной инерции. В заключении формулируются выводы о необходимости консолидации усилий государства и гражданского общества для обеспечения необратимости демократических преобразований.

MODERN ART THERAPY IN WORKING WITH TEENAGERS

2025-12-15T08:17:10+00:00

The article discusses modern approaches and methods of art therapy used in working with adolescents. The article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of artistic therapeutic practices in the context of psychological support and personal development of adolescents in conditions of increased emotional instability and social challenges. Special attention is paid to such areas as isotherapy, music therapy, phototherapy, digital art therapy and mixed multimodal formats. The possibilities of art therapy in the formation of self-regulation skills, the expression of emotions, the development of creativity and the strengthening of social and communicative competencies are considered. The article provides recommendations for the introduction of art therapy techniques in educational and social institutions, as well as describes the conditions necessary for the successful work of specialists with a teenage audience

RƏQƏMSAL TEXNOLOGİYALARDAKI İNKİŞAFLARIN İNSAN PSİXOLOGİYASINA TƏSİRİ

2025-12-15T09:30:54+00:00

Ədəbiyyatda informasiya cəmiyyəti fenomeninin inkişafı informasiya-kommunikasiya texnologiyalarının inkişafı ilə izah olunur. Kompüter və internet texnologiyalarının geniş şəkildə tətbiq olunduğu informasiya cəmiyyətində informasiya texnologiyaları dedikdə informasiyanın toplanması, işlənməsi və şəbəkələr vasitəsilə yayılmasına imkan verən kompüter və kommunikasiya texnologiyaları daxil olan bütün texnologiyalar nəzərdə tutulur.İnformasiya texnologiyaları məlumatın yaradılmasından istifadəsinə,istifadəsindən paylaşılmasına qədər istifadə olunan texnologiyaya aiddir. Rabitə texnologiyaları əvvəllər istifadə edilən metodlardan fərqli və daha sürətli məlumat ötürməyə imkan verir. Sənaye cəmiyyətində maşın və kapital vacib olduğu kimi, informasiya və informasiya texnologiyaları da informasiya cəmiyyətində mühüm yer tutur. Bu cəmiyyətdə informasiya-kommunikasiya texnologiyaları informasiyanın yaradılması, saxlanması və ötürülməsi vasitəsi kimi görülən rəqəmsal texnologiyalara aiddir. Bu texnologiyalardan bəziləri radio, televiziya, DVD, video, smartfon, peyk sistemləri, kompüterlər, portativ media pleyerlər (mp3, iPod) və bu texnologiyaların təqdim etdiyi alətlər və xidmətlər, məsələn, video-konfrans və e-poçtdur. Bütün bu texnologiyaların əsasını internet təşkil edir. Bundan əlavə, mobil texnologiyalar və açıq mənbə proqram təminatı son zamanlar yaranan informasiya-kommunikasiya texnologiyaları sırasındadır. Mobil texnologiyalardan bəziləri: qısa mesaj xidməti (SMS), multimedia mesajlaşma xidməti (MMS), Qlobal Mövqeləşdirmə Sistemləri (GPS), simsiz qoşulma (Wi-Fi), mobil cihazların yaxın mühitdəki cihazlarla əlaqə saxlamasına imkan verən Bluetooth xidmətləri, planşet kompüterlər, noutbuklar, kompüterlər və smartfonlar və s.(Yeşilorman və Koç, 2016:118; Çalış Duman, 2022: 323).

ЛИЧНОСТНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ И КОПИНГ-СТРАТЕГИИ У ЖЕНЩИН СРЕДНЕГО ВОЗРАСТА С ЛИШНИМ ВЕСОМ

2025-12-22T12:54:33+00:00

Данный обзор современной научной литературы посвящен актуальной проблеме личностных особенностей и копинг-стратегий женщин среднего возраста с лишним весом. Известно, что период среднего возраста характеризуется значительными биопсихосоциальными изменениями, которые повышают уязвимость к стрессу и могут способствовать формированию неадаптивного пищевого поведения, которое в том числе может приводить к набору лишнего веса. Особое внимание уделяется анализу личностных характеристик, таких как уровень невротизма, добросовестности, импульсивности, самооценки и саморегуляции, которые выступают важными предикторами склонности к набору веса и трудностей в его контроле. Кроме того, обобщены данные о распространённых копинг-стратегиях, используемых женщинами с лишним весом, включая эмоционально-ориентированный копинг, избегание, поиск социальной поддержки и проблемно-ориентированные стратегии.

БАЛАЛАРДАҒЫ КРОН АУРУЫ

2025-12-15T07:19:58+00:00

Мақалада Крон ауруы күрделі патогенез болып негізделген, яғни қабыну әсерінен өршу мен ремиссия кезеңдерінің ауысуымен анықталады. Крон ауруының дамуы қабыну реакциясының күрделі өзгеруімен негізделген, ол ішектің шырышты қабығының тосқауылының туа біткен иммунитетінің өзгеруімен және жасушадан тыс матрицаның қайта құрылуымен сипатталады. Бұл өзгертілген микроорта IL-12 және TNF-α сияқты цитокиндерді өндіру арқылы қабыну ошақтарындағы лейкоциттердің миграциясын күшейтеді. Авторлар, симптомдарға көбінесе іштің ауыруы, диарея, тік ішектен қан жоғалту және жалпы әлсіздік жатады, ал ауру көбінесе салмақ жоғалтуға және дұрыс тамақтанбауға әкеледі деп талқыланады

METHODOLOGICAL BASIS AND ANALYTICAL EVALUATION OF CANCER SCREENING IN KAZAKHSTAN

2025-12-15T07:33:19+00:00

In this scientific and analytical work, the indicators of incidence and mortality from cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer in the regions of our country are considered. The screening methods currently used and the results of this preventive survey of the population are described in detail. Detailed step-by-step algorithms are presented, and the principles of organization and diagnostic capabilities of the screening program for the active detection of these nosological forms of malignant neoplasms in clinically asymptomatic individuals are reflected

KORPORATİV ŞƏBƏKƏLƏRDƏ İDS/İPS SİSTEMLƏRİNİN SİYASƏT OPTİMALLAŞDIRMASI ÜÇÜN ADAPTİV RİSK-YÖNÜMLÜ YANAŞMA

2025-12-14T15:44:04+00:00

Bu məqalə korporativ şəbəkələrdə İDS və İPS sistemlərinin siyasət idarəçiliyinin optimallaşdırılmasında adaptiv risk-yönümlü yanaşmanın rolunu dərin analitik çərçivədə tədqiq edir. Tədqiqat göstərir ki, ənənəvi imza-əsaslı aşkar etmə modelləri müasir hücumların dinamikliyinə, şifrələnmiş trafik axınlarının çoxalmasına və böyük həcmli şəbəkə mühitlərində dəyişkən davranışlara qarşı kifayət qədər çevik deyil. Adaptiv risk-yönümlü yanaşma təhlükəsizlik qərarlarının yalnız texniki göstəricilərə deyil, həm də aktivlərin kritikliyinə, təhdidin ehtimal və təsir səviyyəsinə, davranış modellərinin anomaliya göstəricilərinə və real vaxt kontekstinə əsaslanmasını təmin edir. Bu model qayda dəstlərinin prioritetləşdirilməsini, yanlış pozitivlərin azaldılmasını, hücumların daha erkən mərhələdə aşkarlanmasını və təhlükəsizlik resurslarının optimal bölüşdürülməsini mümkün edir. Məqalə həm nəzəri əsasları, həm də korporativ infrastrukturda tətbiqi mexanizmləri araşdıraraq nəticəyə gəlir ki, adaptiv risk-yönümlü İDS/İPS siyasəti modern təşkilatlar üçün kiber-müdafiə arxitekturasının əsas strateji elementi kimi çıxış edir.

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN AUTOMATION SYSTEMS

2025-12-14T18:08:49+00:00

Today, the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in automation systems is one of the key directions for improving the efficiency of production and management processes. ANNs enable modeling of complex processes, fault detection, and data-driven decision-making. This article discusses the theoretical foundations of neural networks, their role, and applications in automation systems. Examples from industry, energy, and transportation are provided, along with an analysis of advantages and limitations. The study results demonstrate the great potential for the development of AI-based automation systems in the context of Industry 4.0

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES ON IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY, COST-EFFECTIVENESS AND AGILE METHODOLOGIES

2025-12-14T22:54:06+00:00

Cloud technologies have emerged as a transformative force in modern IT project management, reshaping traditional approaches to efficiency, cost optimization, and the implementation of Agile methodologies. This paper examines the extent to which cloud-based solutions enhance project delivery by enabling real-time collaboration, scalable resource allocation, and improved transparency across distributed teams. The study analyzes multiple dimensions of project management performance, including task coordination, budget control, and adaptability to changing requirements. Methodological emphasis is placed on evaluating cloud integration within Agile frameworks, highlighting its role in accelerating iteration cycles and reducing overhead costs. Empirical evidence is drawn from case studies and comparative assessments of organizations adopting cloud platforms for project execution. The findings demonstrate that cloud technologies significantly improve operational efficiency, foster cost-effectiveness, and strengthen the alignment of Agile practices with organizational goals. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how cloud adoption reshapes IT project management and provides actionable insights for practitioners seeking to optimize project outcomes in dynamic environments

СУЫТУ ЖҮЙЕЛЕРІН АВТОМАТТАНДЫРУ САЛАСЫНДАҒЫ ИННОВАЦИЯЛАР МЕН ДАМУЫ

2025-12-14T23:07:45+00:00

Бұл мақалада суыту (тоңазытқыш) жүйелерін автоматтандырудың технологиялық негіздері, қазіргі инновациялары, қолданылу салалары, техникалық шешімдері мен даму перспективалары жан-жақты қарастырылады. IoT, жасанды интеллект, PLC/микроконтроллерлер, инверторлық компрессорлар және экологиялық салқындатқыш агенттер секілді негізгі технологиялар түсіндіріліп, жүйені жобалау, іске қосу және бағалау жөніндегі практикалық ұсыныстар берілген. Сонымен қатар, автоматтандырудың пайдасы, қиындықтары және болашақтағы бағыттары – энергия тиімділігі, алдын ала диагностикалау және толық цифрландыру тұрғысынан талданады

ТЕМПЕРАТУРАНЫ АВТОМАТТЫ РЕТТЕУ ЖҮЙЕСІНІҢ ТЕРМОСТАТ ҚЫЗМЕТІ ЖӘНЕ ЖҰМЫС ПРИНЦИПТЕРІ

2025-12-15T06:05:40+00:00

Бұл жұмыста температураны автоматты реттеу жүйесіндегі термостаттың қызметі мен жұмыс принциптері қарастырылған. Термостаттың температураны тұрақты деңгейде ұстап тұрудағы рөлі, оның құрылымы мен әртүрлі түрлері сипатталады. Жүйенің тиімділігі, энергияны үнемдеу мүмкіндігі және қауіпсіздік артықшылықтары талданады. Сонымен қатар, автоматтандырылған реттеу жүйелерінің кемшіліктері мен қолдану ерекшеліктері де баяндалады. Зерттеу нәтижесінде термостаттың заманауи технологиядағы маңызы мен оның өндірістік және тұрмыстық саладағы қолдану аясы айқындалды.

КОНДИЦИОНЕРДІҢ ЖҰМЫС ІСТЕУ ПРИНЦИПІ ЖӘНЕ ОНЫҢ НЕГІЗГІ БӨЛІКТЕРІ

2025-12-15T06:20:01+00:00

Бұл мақалада тұрмыстық және тұрмыстық-өндірістік кондиционерлердің жұмыс принципі, олардың негізгі функционалдық түйіндері, хладагенттің булану–конденсация циклы және ауа–фреон жылуалмасу процестерінің термодинамикалық негіздері талданады. Кондиционер жүйесінің энергетикалық тиімділігіне әсер ететін негізгі факторлар – компрессордың жұмыс режимі, конденсатор мен буландырғыштың жылуалмасу қарқындылығы, электронды кеңейту клапанының басқару алгоритмдері және хладагенттің физикалық қасиеттері қарастырылады. Сондай-ақ инверторлы кондиционерлердің артықшылықтары, R32 және R410A хладагенттері, интеллектуалды климат-басқару модульдері және мультисплит архитектураларының ерекшеліктері көрсетіледі.

Хладагенттердің экологическиялық әсері және озон қабатын қорғау мәселелері

2025-12-15T06:24:50+00:00

Хладагенттер (тоңазытқыштар мен кондиционерлерде қолданылатын салқындатқыш газдар) экологияға әсері жағынан маңызды болып табылады. Классикалық хладагенттер, әсіресе CFC және HCFC, озон қабатына зиян келтіріп, ультракүлгін сәулелердің жер бетіне түсуін арттырады, бұл тері қатерлі ісігі, көру қабілетінің бұзылуы және экожүйелердің деградациясына әкеледі.

Озон қабатын қорғау мақсатында Монреаль протоколы қабылданып, зиянды хладагенттердің қолданылуы азайтылуда. Қазіргі таңда экологиялық таза альтернативті газдар (HFC, табиғи хладагенттер: аммиак, CO₂, пропан) қолданылады, олар озон қабатына зиянсыз және климаттық өзгерістердің әсерін төмендетуге көмектеседі

Сыртқы ауаның төмен температурасында жұмыс істейтін жылу сорғылары

2025-12-15T06:35:17+00:00

Жылу сорғылары қоршаған орта энергиясын пайдалана отырып, ғимараттарды жылытуға мүмкіндік беретін энергия үнемдеуші технологиялардың бірі болып саналады. Алайда, сыртқы температура −20…−25 °C деңгейіне дейін төмендегенде олардың тиімділігі азаятындықтан, арнайы инженерлік шешімдерді қолдану қажеттілігі туындайды.

Зерттеуде инверторлы компрессор, кеңейтілген буландырғыш беті, мұздануға қарсы автоматты режим және гибридті электрқыздырғыш секілді техникалық шешімдердің жүйе жұмысына әсері талданды. Модельдеу нәтижелері жылу сорғысының төмен температурада да тұрақты жылу беруді қамтамасыз ете алатынын, ал энергия тиімділік коэффициенті (СОР) −25 °C жағдайында 1.9–2.3 аралығында сақталатынын көрсетті.

Жүргізілген зерттеу жылу сорғыларын суық климаттық аймақтарда қолданудың мүмкіндігін дәлелдейді және оларды тұрғын үйлер мен өнеркәсіптік нысандарда дәстүрлі жылыту жүйелерін алмастыру үшін тиімді шешім ретінде ұсынады.

КӨМІРҚЫШҚЫЛ ГАЗЫН САЛҚЫНДАТУ ЖҮЙЕЛЕРІ МЕН ТАҒАМДЫ КЕПТІРУ ПРОЦЕСТЕРІН БІРІКТІРУ

2025-12-15T07:02:17+00:00

Мақалада көмірқышқыл газы (CO₂, R744) негізіндегі транскритикалық салқындату жүйелерін тамақ өнімдерін кептіру процестерімен біріктіру мүмкіндіктері талданған. Қолданыстағы әдебиеттерді талдау суық пен жылуды бөлек өндірудің (мысалы, HFC салқындатқыштары мен газ қазандықтары) термодинамикалық тиімсіздігін көрсетеді. CO₂ жүйелерінің ерекшелігі – олардың салқындату функциясымен қатар, 90°C-қа дейін жоғары температуралы жылуды беру қабілеті, бұл оларды кептіруге арналған жылу сорғылары үшін тиімді етеді. Зерттеулер мұндай интеграцияланған жүйелердің жалпы COPtotal (суық + жылу) коэффициенті 6.0-8.0-ге жететінін және дәстүрлі R404A + қазандық жүйелерімен салыстырғанда жылдық энергия тұтынуды 30-50%-ға дейін төмендететінін растайды. Мақала салқындату мен кептіру жүктемелерінің тепе-теңдігін басқару алгоритмдері мен бірыңғай термодинамикалық модельдерді әзірлеу қажеттілігін негіздейді.

A MODEL FOR REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS AND ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF SMART TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

2025-12-15T07:29:10+00:00

The article presents a structured and comprehensive model for requirements analysis and architectural design specifically tailored for smart information systems oriented towards educational institutions. This model combines several methodological approaches, integrating techniques for eliciting and collecting detailed requirements, formalizing these requirements using UML diagrams, and establishing clear criteria for selecting the most suitable architectural solution. The architectural criteria are designed to ensure the system’s capability to support adaptive learning processes, provide advanced analytics on student performance, and enable seamless integration with a variety of external services and platforms. Practical testing and application of the model in the process of developing an educational platform demonstrated its effectiveness in improving the overall quality and completeness of design documentation, as well as in reducing the number of clarifications and corrections required during later stages of development. The results indicate that the model not only facilitates more precise and structured documentation of requirements but also enhances communication among stakeholders, ensures alignment between functional needs and architectural decisions, and ultimately contributes to the creation of more robust and scalable Smart education systems.

INTERNET OF THINGS EMPOWERED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OF THINGS

2025-12-15T07:47:01+00:00

This paper explored the two technologies that create intelligently connected systems - Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT). The Internet of Things combined with the most dynamic technology of artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to make the Internet of Things system smarter and easily imitate human activity. However, what modern challenges await such synergy and what ways of their development can be expected? This paper aims to study the development prospects of both Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT).

ХЛАДАГЕНТТЕРДІҢ ЭКОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ӘСЕРІ ЖӘНЕ ОЗОН ҚАБАТЫН ҚОРҒАУ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ

2025-12-15T08:03:44+00:00

Өнеркәсіптік тоңазытқыштардың автоматтандырылған басқару жүйесінің тиімділігі

2025-12-15T08:21:07+00:00

. Бұл ғылыми жұмыста өнеркәсіптік тоңазытқыштардың автоматтандырылған басқару жүйелерін (АБЖ) қолданудың тиімділігі жан-жақты қарастырылған. Зерттеу барысында автоматтандырудың өндірістік процестерге тигізетін ықпалы, энергиялық тиімділікке әсері, өнім сапасын сақтау деңгейін жоғарылатуға қосатын үлесі және жабдықтың эксплуатациялық ұзақ мерзімділігіне әсері талданады. Сонымен қатар, жасанды интеллект, интернет заттар (IoT) және цифрлық мониторинг технологияларын интеграциялау нәтижелері зерттеліп, интеграциялаудың артықшылықтары мен шектеулері сипатталған.

Жүргізілген талдау нәтижесінде автоматтандырылған басқару жүйелері өнеркәсіптік тоңазытқыштардың жұмыс тиімділігін 20–40% арттыратыны, өндірістік шығындарды азайтатыны, адам факторына байланысты қателіктерді айтарлықтай төмендететіні анықталды. Мақалада АБЖ-ның болашақ даму перспективалары және өнеркәсіптік кәсіпорындарда қолдану моделі ұсынылады

VRF/VRV кондиционерлеу жүйелеріндегі автоматты басқару принциптері және олардың артықшылықтары

2025-12-15T08:34:49+00:00

Бұл мақалада қазіргі заманғы ғимараттарды салқындату мен жылыту жүйелерінің озық түрі болып табылатын VRF/VRV кондиционерлеу жүйелерінің құрылымы мен жұмыс істеу принциптері, сондай-ақ олардың автоматты басқару жүйелерінің ерекшеліктері мен тиімділігі қарастырылады. Зерттеу барысында VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) және VRV (Variable Refrigerant Volume) технологияларының энергия үнемдеудегі, жайлылық деңгейін арттырудағы және орталықтандырылған басқарудағы мүмкіндіктері талданады.

Мақаланың негізгі мақсаты — автоматтандырылған басқару жүйесі арқылы VRF/VRV кондиционерлеу жүйелерінің жұмыс өнімділігін арттыру және ғимараттардағы микроклиматтың тұрақтылығын қамтамасыз ету жолдарын анықтау.

СЫРА ЗАУЫТЫНА АРНАЛҒАН ЭНЕРГИЯ ҮНЕМДЕЙТІН ТОҢАЗЫТУ МАШИНАСЫН ЖАСАУ

2025-12-15T09:34:15+00:00

Бұл мақалада сыра зауыттарының тоңазыту процестеріне арналған энергия үнемдейтін тоңазыту машинасын жобалау қағидалары қарастырылған. Сыра өндірісінің технологиялық тізбегінде суыту ең көп энергия тұтынатын кезеңдердің бірі болып табылады: ашыту, лагерлеу және қоймалау үшін тұрақты -1…+4°C температуралық режим қажет. Қолданыстағы зерттеулер салалық суыту жүйелерінің 25–40% энергиясы тиімсіз жылу тастауға жұмсалатынын көрсетеді. Мақалада компрессорлық тоңазыту циклін жылу қалпына келтіру технологиясымен (heat recovery) біріктіретін жаңа интеграцияланған шешім ұсынылады. Жетілдірілген басқару алгоритмдері мен айнымалы жылдамдықты (VSD) компрессорлар энергия шығынын 30–45%-ға дейін азайтуға мүмкіндік береді.

Système multilingue de traduction et de synthèse vocale basé sur node-red et flask

2025-12-15T09:38:49+00:00

Cet article présente une architecture combinant Node-RED et Flask pour la mise en œuvre d’un système de traduction automatique multilingue (français, anglais, arabe) et de synthèse vocale locale, destiné à assister les personnes malvoyantes dans un environnement domotique. Dans un travail antérieur, un dictionnaire intégré à Node-RED avait été utilisé pour réaliser la traduction, offrant des résultats corrects mais rapidement limités. Pour dépasser ces contraintes, la présente approche repose sur l’utilisation de modèles de traduction Marianne-MT fonctionnant hors ligne.

Les performances obtenues ont été évaluées et comparées à celles du modèle M2M-100, afin d’analyser les différences de qualité de traduction et de temps de réponse entre ces solutions. Les expérimentations montrent que la solution proposée offre des performances adaptées à un fonctionnement local, avec un temps de réponse conforme aux exigences d’un système d’assistance en temps réel.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN UNDERSTANDING REAL-LIFE FINANCIAL PROCESSES

2025-12-15T09:45:11+00:00

The integration of mathematical modeling in education plays a significant role in helping students understand complex financial processes that they will encounter in real life. This article explores how mathematical models can be applied to various aspects of finance, providing students with the tools to better navigate financial decisions. The research focuses on three key components of financial mathematical models: interest rates, savings and loans, and inflation. Interest rate models, including simple and compound interest, as well as the assessment of investment risks, form the foundation for understanding how money grows over time. Additionally, the study delves into the importance of savings and loans, emphasizing the significance of making informed decisions regarding deposits, savings, and responsible credit usage. Inflation models demonstrate the dynamic nature of prices and their impact on purchasing power, allowing students to recognize the effects of inflation on their financial stability.

Furthermore, the article examines how these models are employed in teaching. Topics such as the growth of money through savings and deposits, selecting optimal interest rates, making loan decisions, and understanding price changes are explored. The application of these models equips students with practical skills, enhancing their financial awareness and decision-making abilities. By bridging the gap between mathematics and everyday life, mathematical modeling fosters a deeper understanding of finances, ultimately helping students make informed financial choices and develop stronger financial literacy. Through this approach, students are empowered to make sound decisions, building a foundation for their future financial success

MUSICAL IDIOMS: REFLECTION OF CULTURAL CONCEPTS AND THEIR ROLE IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT A CREATIVE UNIVERSITY

2025-12-14T17:57:35+00:00

This article is devoted to the study of musical phraseology as a specific fragment of the national linguistic picture of the world, reflecting the cultural and historical characteristics of society. The role of music in the formation of linguistic meanings is considered, the functions of musical phraseology in speech are analyzed, as well as their significance in teaching foreign languages to students of musical specialties. Particular attention is paid to the interdisciplinary potential of musical images, the phenomenon of phraseological conceptualization, and the mechanism of metaphorization underlying the formation of stable expressions. The methodological effectiveness of using musical phraseology in teaching a foreign language, especially in the context of training music students, is substantiated

Абайдың «Ақыл» сөздері: ұлттың ойлау жүйесі

2025-12-14T15:33:53+00:00

This article explores the worldview of the thinker Abai and his role as a reformer of Kazakh consciousness through the lens of his prose work Words of Edification (Gakliya). Abai’s reform of traditional modes of thinking within the historically shaped Kazakh consciousness is not limited to his critique of proverbs, but also lies in his thoughtful re-evaluation of common judgments—sometimes made knowingly, sometimes not—urging a deeper, more critical engagement with these ideas. Through logical reasoning, Abai insists on the need to deepen certain concepts, interpretations, and judgments. His reformism lies in the creative introduction of new modes of thinking into the national mindset, worldview, and cognitive foundation.

Abai revealed the golden thread of recognizing truth and self-awareness, presenting a simple yet effective system for understanding these profound ideas. He utilized straightforward thinking methods to explain complex truths. For instance, he uses reductio ad absurdum (proof by contradiction) to expose flawed patterns of thinking commonly accepted through simplistic worldviews:

“Now it seems God grants wealth to some good-for-nothing without any effort. Yet when someone prays to God, works honestly, and seeks benefit through honest labor, God refuses to reward his effort—does not even allow him to feed his family properly, keeps him poor. He afflicts a harmless, innocent person with illness and disgrace, while letting thieves and villains remain healthy. Of two siblings with the same parents, He makes one wise and the other foolish.”

This method, reminiscent of formal logic, was also used by Socrates. By employing a Socratic method, Abai encourages people to re-evaluate the logic and validity of their commonly held beliefs, to weigh right and wrong in the scales of reason. Thus, he cultivates the necessity of rethinking, guiding the development of critical thinking.

People often rely on ingrained cognitive patterns, the origins of which are frequently unknown. These patterns are especially hard to shed when rooted in religion or politics. Breaking these entrenched molds requires individuals with creative, critical minds. Abai’s innovation lies in his ability to challenge these internalized norms and guide people toward truth and self-awareness.

Тағам атауларының менталдық бейнесі және фразеологиялық мағына жасаудағы қызметі

2025-12-14T15:39:38+00:00

Мақала қазақ тіліндегі құрамында (компонент) тамақ, азық-түлік атаулары бар фразеологиялық бірліктердің когнитив репрезентациясын және олардың фразеологиялық бірліктердің жасалуындағы рөлін зерттейді.

Осыған дейінгі зерттеулерде тағам, азық-түлік атаулары кездесетін фразеологизмдер лексика-семантикалық тұрғыдан ғана жүйеленіп, топтастырылып келді, ал когнитивтік лингвистика бағытында терең зерттеу жүргізілмеді.

Зерттеуіміздің жаңалығы қазақ тіліндегі тағамға қатысты фразеологизмдер «когнитивтік метафора теориясы» сүйене отырып, тағам, азық-түлік атауларының нақты өмір тәжірибелердегі абстрактілі ұғымдармен байланыстырылған метафоралық жүйе қалыптастырғаны талданады. Зерттеу нысанасы ретінде құрамында тамақ, азық-түлік атаулары бар фразеологизмдер алынып, бұл фразеологизмдер тақырыптық (концептуалды) жүйеді топтастырылды және олардың мағыналық өрісі құрылды,

І. Кенесбаевтың “Фразеологиялық сөздігі” - 124; А. Қайдардың “Тысяча метких и образных выражений” сөздігінен - 48, жалпы саны - 172 тағам, азық-түлік атауы және фразеологизмдер анықталып, тақырыптық категорияларға топтастырылды, талдау жасалды және зерттеу нәтижелері цифрлық құралдар көмегімен визуализацияланды. Зерттеу нәтижесі тағам атауларының қазақ тіліндегі тұрақты тіркестер құрамында когнитивтік және мәдени репрезентация факторы ретінде маңызды рөл атқаратынын көрсетті.

PERSONALITY PHENOMENON: FACTORS INFLUENCING PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

2025-12-14T17:54:14+00:00

The article examines the phenomenon of personality as one of the main research objects of social and humanitarian sciences and explains the leading role of upbringing in its formation on scientific grounds. It is emphasized that personality is a complex system resulting from the interaction of biological, psychological and social factors. It is noted that the upbringing process is a strategic tool that forms the value system of the personality, behavioral models, skills for entering social relations and moral qualities. The article comparatively analyzes the functions of social institutions such as family, school, society and mass communication in the development of personality. The stages of personality development - early childhood, school period and adolescence - are described, and the essence of the upbringing effect at each stage is explained. The analyses show that in conditions of effective upbringing, the creative potential, social adaptation skills and emotional-intellectual development of the individual are formed more dynamically. As a result, the article substantiates the importance of modern upbringing concepts as the main mechanisms affecting the harmonious development of the personality and puts forward scientific and practical recommendations for improving the upbringing system.

L` emprunt linguistique dans le français

2025-12-14T23:44:19+00:00

As we have seen, the vocabulary of the French language, as well as that of any other language, is constantly changing. Its lexicon varies and is enriched at any time. Among the various sources of lexical enrichment, it is necessary to highlight borrowing from other languages. This linguistic phenomenon is closely connected with the development of society, with the history of the people. It is determined by several material and psychological factors. The progress of science and technology, that of political life and human mentality, commercial and cultural relations between peoples largely contribute to borrowing. It is true that the term “loan” has a rather vague meaning, or too broad, in some linguistic works. It is therefore important, above all, to find a definition that is more precise. Leroy, in his book on linguistic borrowing, remarks on the given language that elements that have penetrated it after the more or less precise date marking conve

Қазіргі қазақ әдебиетіндегі түс көру мотиві (А.Алтай «Түсік» әңгімесі негізінде)

2025-12-15T10:07:05+00:00

This paper explores the motif of dreaming in contemporary Kazakh literature, with a particular focus on A. Altai’s short story «Tusik (miscarriage)». Dreams in literature serve as a gateway into the complex inner world of characters, revealing their subconscious desires, fears, and moral dilemmas. Drawing on both Freudian and Jungian psychoanalytic theories, the study examines how dreams function as a symbolic representation of the unconscious, providing insight into the psychological and philosophical dimensions of human existence.

From a Freudian perspective, dreams reflect repressed wishes and internal conflicts, allowing characters to confront moral and emotional challenges within a symbolic framework. Jungian theory further expands this understanding by interpreting dreams as expressions of archetypes and the collective unconscious, highlighting the mythopoetic and transformative aspects of dream experiences.

Through the analysis of «Tusik», the paper demonstrates how the dream motif in Kazakh prose not only advances the narrative but also deepens the psychological portrait of the character, reveals moral and existential crises, and constructs a liminal, metaphysical space between life and death, consciousness and the unconscious. The study concludes that the dream motif in contemporary Kazakh literature is a multi-layered literary device that integrates psychological, philosophical, and mythopoetic functions, enriching both the narrative structure and thematic depth of the work.

Kazakh Literature and Ecocriticism (Based on the Poems of Abai Qunanbaiuly)

2025-12-15T10:13:13+00:00

The article examines the ecological issues in Kazakh literature and the artistic-cognitive significance of nature lyric. The study is based on theoretical concepts such as ecocriticism, ecological discourse, artistic ecology, and ecological consciousness, analyzing the interaction between humans and nature within the framework of national worldview. Using the works of Abai Qunanbaiuly as examples, the depiction of nature is considered as a measure of human spiritual and moral responsibility. The article highlights the role of literature in fostering ecological awareness and demonstrates the educational, philosophical, and psychological potential of literary texts.

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN TEACHING ENGLISH

2025-12-15T11:09:43+00:00

This study focuses on the advantages and limitations of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching English. In recent years, AI technologies have been increasingly applied in education to support teaching and learning. AI provides many tools, such as chatbots, language learning apps, and intelligent tutoring systems, which can improve students’ learning experience. One of the main advantages of AI is personalization. AI programs can adapt lessons to each student’s level, giving them exercises that suit their abilities. This helps students learn grammar, vocabulary, reading, and speaking skills more effectively. AI also delivers immediate feedback, enabling learners to identify and correct mistakes right away. This is especially valuable for developing writing and speaking abilities. Additionally, AI helps teachers reduce the time spent on routine tasks such as checking assignments or creating worksheets, allowing them to concentrate more on teaching, supporting students, and offering meaningful guidance. Another advantage is that AI can make lessons more dynamic and interactive through games, digital quizzes, and simulated conversations, which increases students’ motivation and engagement. However, there are limitations to using AI in English teaching. Some students may become too dependent on technology and spend less time practicing real communication skills. Not all students have equal access to devices or stable internet, which can create gaps in learning opportunities. Moreover, AI systems cannot fully understand emotions, culture, or context, which are very important in learning a language. Sometimes, AI feedback may be too rigid or fail to recognize nuanced language use, idioms, or expressions. Another important consideration is ethics. Using AI involves handling personal data, which raises privacy concerns. There is also the risk of bias in AI algorithms, which may affect how students are assessed or what content they receive. Therefore, while AI provides many opportunities for learning, its use should be balanced and carefully monitored by teachers. In conclusion, AI has great potential in English education. It can make learning more personalized, interactive, and efficient, while also supporting teachers in their work. However, it cannot completely replace human teachers, who are essential for guidance, cultural understanding, and emotional support. The most effective approach is to combine AI tools with traditional teaching methods to create a well-rounded and meaningful learning experience for all students.

COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF LEARNING A LANGUAGE WITH AI SUPPORT

2025-12-15T11:14:56+00:00

This article explores the cognitive aspects of language learning with the support of artificial intelligence (AI)

The study analyzes how learner’s cognitive processes – attention, memory, perception, information-processing speed, and metacognition – change when AI tools are used [6]. It is demonstrated that AI-based chatbots, adaptive platforms, automated text-analysis systems, and generative models enable the personalization of learning strategies and help reduce cognitive load. The article also shows that AI support enhances motivation, provides immediate error correction, and strengthens the development of speaking skills. Furthermore, the role of AI technologies in optimizing the language-learning process and their impact on cognitive development are discussed in a comprehensive manner.

A NEW PARADIGM FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN A PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY IN KAZAKHSTAN: HOW TO USE AI TO RESTORE DIALOGUE, EMPATHY, AND CRITICAL THINKING

2025-12-15T11:46:11+00:00

This paper proposes a new paradigm for teaching foreign languages in pedagogical universities, where Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not employed as a substitute for human teachers, but as a catalyst to revive authentic dialogue, cultural empathy, and critical reflection — core values enshrined in Kazakhstan’s national education strategy. Grounded in President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev’s 2024 Address, which calls for AI to “strengthen, not weaken, the human dimension of education,” this study argues that AI’s greatest pedagogical value lies not in its linguistic accuracy, but in its cultural blindness — exposing the silent, sacred rituals of communication that algorithms cannot replicate. Through low-tech, high-impact classroom practices — such as critically analyzing AI-generated responses to culturally nuanced prompts (e.g., “How to say ‘no’ in Kazakh culture?”) and co-creating authentic dialogues rooted in Kazakh traditions like “Қош келдіңіз!” and “Құтты болсын!” — students learn that language is not merely grammar, but a vessel of dignity, respect, and identity. The approach is theoretically anchored in Hymes’ (1972) communicative competence, Vygotsky’s (1978) sociocultural theory, and Gadamer’s (1975) hermeneutics, and is fully aligned with Kazakhstan’s Law on Education (2007), the Concept of Higher Education Development (2023–2029), and the Order of the Government No. 248. This model empowers future educators to use AI not to automate, but to humanize language learning — transforming classrooms into spaces where technology serves humanity, not replaces it.

AI-ASSISTED ENGLISH VOCABULARY LEARNING: A NEW APPROACH FOR DIGITAL-AGE STUDENTS

2025-12-15T11:55:58+00:00

This article investigates the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in facilitating English vocabulary acquisition for modern students. The digital age demands innovative educational approaches, and AI offers solutions to the limitations of traditional methods. The study aims to analyze the key AI-driven methodologies, such as adaptive learning and spaced repetition, and evaluate their effectiveness in enhancing vocabulary retention, engagement, and autonomy. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, including a comprehensive review of recent scholarly literature and a comparative analysis of popular AI-powered platforms like Duolingo, Memrise, and conversational AI chatbots. The findings indicate that AI-assisted learning leads to statistically significant improvements in long-term vocabulary retention and fosters higher levels of student motivation through personalized and interactive experiences. The article concludes that the integration of AI into language learning curricula is not merely beneficial but essential for meeting the needs of digital-native learners, highlighting both its practical implications and potential challenges.

PERSONALIZED LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

2025-12-15T12:12:25+00:00

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed traditional language education by enabling highly personalized and adaptive learning experiences. AI-driven tools—such as intelligent tutoring systems, natural language processing applications, speech recognition technologies, and adaptive learning platforms—offer learners individualized guidance, real-time feedback, and customized learning trajectories. These systems analyze learners’ proficiency levels, learning styles, and progress data to tailor instructional content that meets their unique linguistic needs. As a result, AI enhances learner engagement, supports differentiated instruction, and improves the overall effectiveness of language acquisition. This study examines the role of AI in facilitating personalized language learning, highlights its pedagogical advantages, and discusses the challenges and future prospects of integrating AI technologies into language education.

CYBERBULLYING AMONG TEENAGERS: THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

2025-12-14T15:25:35+00:00

The article provides an understanding of cyberbullying among minors and gives its theoretical and criminal-legal characteristics within the framework of the law. In the modern information society with the expansion of digital communications, a new and serious threat to psychological and emotional well-being has arisen - cyberbullying. This phenomenon is a form of aggression and harassment that is carried out via the Internet and social resources.

The article describes a recently emerged and widespread type of bullying among teenagers - cyberbullying. The causes, types and consequences of this phenomenon are outlined. The authors also consider ways to prevent cyberbullying

РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МОБІЛЬНИХ ПРЯМОШУКОВИХ МЕТОДІВ ПРИ ВИВЧЕННІ ПРОЦЕСІВ ДЕГАЗАЦІЇ ВУГЛЕВОДНЕВИХ ФЛЮЇДІВ В СТРУКТУРАХ КОНТИНЕНТАЛЬНИХ ОКРАЇН СВІТОВОГО ОКЕАНУ

2025-12-14T23:39:27+00:00

Відкриття на морських акваторіях багатьох тисяч підводних вулканів, ділянок газовиділення і покмарків, а також виявлення зон накопичення водню в промислових масштабах, потребує нових підходів до розуміння особливостей і можливих проявлень різноманітних процесів дегазації глибинних флюїдів, їх зв’язку з геодинамікою, регіональною геологією та формуванням корисних копалин, в тому числі нафти і газу.

У багатьох випадках скупчення нафти і газу, газогідратів та підгідратного газу, а також ділянок газовиділення можна розглядати як результат вірогідного активного впливу локалізованих потоків вуглеводневих флюїдів, які є продуктами дегазації і представлені водно-газовою або газовою середою у масі гірських порід літосфери, на породи глибинних та приповерхневих структур різного віку та генезису [Шестопалов и др., 2018; Багдасарова, 2014; Дмитриевский, Валяев, 2002].

У складі реєстрованого сумарного сигналу на земній поверхні, над нею, на рівні моря та над ним значну частку становить компонента літосферного походження, а розподіл інтенсивності випромінювання вздовж профілів має впорядковану структуру, тісно пов’язану із будовою та динамікою Землі, що дає можливість отримати інформацію про структуру геосередовища під морським дном [Шуман, Савин, 2011]. Це доводить принципову можливість застосування нових методів дослідження будови локальних і регіональних структур Землі.

Застосовані технології частотно-резонансного (ЧР) сканування дозволяють дистанційно визначити ймовірну глибину геологічних джерел активної міграції, дають додаткову інформацію про можливе розташування джерел дегазації і скупчень вуглеводнів. Існує багато прикладів, коли за даними ЧР сканування виправдовувались попередні (до буріння) прогнозні оцінки локальних структур на перспективність виявлення скупчень вуглеводнів або їх відсутність. Тобто, є неочікувані і унікальні факти прогностичного характеру, за даними ЧР-сканування, які важко, але у майбутньому треба краще зрозуміти і науково пояснити.

Запропоновані технології ЧР-досліджень, деякі результати застосування яких наведені нижче, ще потребують детального теоретичного обґрунтування, розвитку та вдосконалення. Наразі отримані результати можуть бути активно використані при виконанні регіональних і локальних досліджень на різних етапах пошуку та розвідки родовищ багатьох видів корисних копалин [Левашов и др., 2012; Якимчук и др., 2019, 2020, 2021, Yakymchuk et al, 2024].