Conceptual and methodological approaches to ensuring the environmental safety of gas stations

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a steady trend towards the increase in road transport, which leads to an increase in the number of transport infrastructure facilities concentrated mainly in urban areas. The growth in the number of motor vehicles contributes to the growth of demand for liquid fuel and the need to build new gas stations, which have a detrimental effect on the poor environmental situation of the urban environment.

Many studies and publications are aimed at ensuring the environmental safety of gas stations (gas stations), including in the field of architecture and construction, urban planning. The fundamental works in this field of research were the works of foreign scientists: Aleksashina V. V., Bespalov V. I., Weitsaker E., Vetrovaya N. M., Gordon V. A., Gorodkov A.V., Danilov-Danilyana V. I., Israel Yu.a., Ilyicheva V. A., Kapitsa P. L., Kolchunova V. I., Lovins B., Lovins E., Meadows D. L., polosina I. I., Reimers N. F., Slesareva M. Yu., Telichenko V. I., Tetiora A. N., Khomich V. A., Shcherbina E. V. and others.

The following scientists were engaged in ensuring the environmental safety of urban transport infrastructure facilities: Akhtyamov R. G., Bakaeva N. V., Bespalov V. I., Vlasov D. N., Danilina N. V., Zaitsev V. V., Lozhkina O. V., Lozhkina O. V., Nemchinov M. V., Sikova N. V., Sokolova E. V. and others.

Sokolova E. V. in her work conducted research on the assessment of atmospheric pollution by emissions from gas station sources confirming the excess of MPC norms within the boundaries of housing construction. He proposed and developed a project for an apparatus for the absorption extraction of gasoline vapors from exhaust gases from fuel storage tanks at gas stations.

Zaitsev V. V. developed a mathematical model for optimizing the impact of gas stations on the environment. In this model, the influence of external objects on the ecology of the gas station impact zone is additionally considered. He proposed a rational way of functioning of gas stations as a system of queues with a limited time of stay of vehicles in it.

Perfiliev S. A. in his work considered various planning solutions for the placement of structures at gas stations. In order to reduce the harmful impact on the environment, recommendations for the planning of gas stations were developed and a technology for refueling vehicles was proposed, which reduces the emission of harmful substances. The practical value of the work lies in the development of rational planning solutions for gas stations and methods for refueling cars, reducing the amount of harmful emissions from cars and the time spent on refueling, reducing the area of the occupied territory.

Akhtyamov R. G. dealt with the problems of reducing the environmental hazard of motor transport infrastructure facilities located in the urbanized territory.  The author analyzed the environmental impact of car infrastructure. In order to improve the system for assessing the magnitude of emissions of petroleum products vapors during the operation of gas stations and a scientifically based choice of technology to minimize the negative impact of gas stations on the atmosphere, the author has developed a comprehensive research method. Developed an algorithm for assessing atmospheric air pollution by emissions of petroleum products vapors and determining environmentally acceptable emissions of petroleum products vapors.

Dontsova T. V. in her work drew attention to the imperfection of the method for calculating the concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere. In its calculations, it does not take into account the effect of a combination of pollutants from several sources of atmospheric pollution. To assess the background pollution of the atmosphere in the event of pre-project decisions on the choice of alternative sites for new industrial facilities, a balance method has been developed for the ingress of harmful substances into each district of a large city on the principles of biosphere compatibility.

In the work of N. V. Sapozhkova he solved the problem of choosing an anti-vehicle control system and protection measures based on the developed methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the negative impact of vehicles on the environmental situation of the urban environment. The factorial effect of road transport as a source of pollution of the urban environment was studied.

Abroskin A. A. was engaged in the issue of environmental monitoring of atmospheric air to ensure the environmental safety of construction projects. The analysis of data on available sources of atmospheric pollution was carried out: assessment of the intensity of road transport, assessment of emissions from a stationary source, assessment of the level of improvement and dust content in the air. A dynamic monitoring system has been proposed that takes into account the complex impact of pollution sources (Industrial, Road Transport, undeveloped dusty areas, temporary sources of pollution), changes in meteorological factors and urban conditions, as well as the time factor of the most unfavorable factors.

One of the sources of emissions of harmful substances on the territory of gas stations is vehicles passing through the territory and waiting for the queue for refueling.

Among the many factors affecting the release and distribution of harmful substances in the surface layer of the atmosphere from sources of pollutants at gas stations, one of the determining factors is the aerodynamics of air flows at gas stations and in the adjacent territory.

In the work of I. E. Sinitsyna, new environmental laws and aerodynamic relations of the development and design of buildings and structures, the adoption of architectural and planning decisions of residential microdistricts and settlements, environmental expertise of technological and urban planning projects are considered.

Rastyapina O. A. has developed an integrated approach to the design of gas-protected green zones in the main territories, which makes it possible to determine the parameters necessary to reduce the average daily size of the gas-protected green zone (height, density, width, etc.) and the maximum one-time concentration of carbon monoxide, including from road transport to the maximum allowable value.

1. S. Lyubomishchenko was engaged in mathematical modeling of the processes of movement of the air environment and pollutants in urban planning conditions. In this study, it was found that an effective way to solve problems describing the distribution of pollutants in the surface layer of the atmosphere and the movement of air is to use a complete system of Navier-Stokes equations with parameterization of turbulence exchange. This makes it possible to characterize the processes of transport of heat, moisture, pollutants with the help of universal equations in the form of transfer, taking into account the heterogeneity of the shape and properties of the underlying surface.

The study of the distribution of harmful substances from the enterprises of the construction industry was carried out by Kabaeva I. V.. Developed a mathematical model describing the movement of dust particles characteristic of emissions into the atmosphere from the construction industry. A methodology for determining the proportion of pollutants entering a certain territory from a particular enterprise has been developed and implemented