AGROZOOTHENIC REGULATIONS, BIOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF NEWLY CREATED MULBERRY SILKWORM BREEDS

Abstract

    Sericulture is one of the oldest agricultural fields. The purpose of this operation is to buy natural silk. Most natural silk is obtained from mulberry silkworms and a small amount from oak silkworms.

    Sericulture began to develop five thousand years ago in China's Shandong Peninsula. Learning how to spin silk from a cocoon began 2800 years ago in China.

    In the 6th century, sericulture moved to Europe and Greece and developed rapidly. In the 7th century, they began to deal with this type of economy in Transcaucasia. In the 7th century, sericulture developed widely in Azerbaijan. Since 1953, the feeding of new, highly productive white cocooned mulberry silkworm breeds has been started.

     A major turning point in the development of cocooning and sericulture in Azerbaijan occurred at the beginning of the 70s of the last century. At the initiative of Heydar Aliyev, who was the leader of our country at that time, the Council of Ministers adopted a decision dated March 3, 1971 "On the measures for the further development of sericulture in the Republic of Azerbaijan". This decision greatly boosted the development of cocooning and sericulture, expanded its material and technical base, industrial potential, and as a result, the supply of cocoons in the republic increased by 36.1 percent. Planting a lot of mulberry seedlings on uncultivable land belonging to collective farms and state farms, roadsides, cities and towns will significantly increase the fodder base of agriculture. He had condemned it in court. At the same time, attention has been paid to scientific research in this field.

    In those years, 5-6 thousand tons of wet cocoons and 350-400 tons of raw silk were produced annually in our republic, and tens of millions of square meters of various types of silk cloth were woven. More than 150 thousand peasant families were engaged in cocoon production.

    The mulberry silkworm (Bombyx Mori L.) has passed a long evolutionary path and differs sharply from its ancestor in a number of biological characteristics. It is completely adapted to a sedentary life, in contrast to its wild type (preparation of food). Therefore, it is difficult to assume that a domesticated mulberry silkworm will survive without the help of humans.

    It should be noted that the mulberry silkworm belongs to the group of cold-blooded creatures and its body temperature is not constant. Therefore, the air of the environment where the worms are fed and kept has a direct effect on its entire life activity, especially its productivity.

    The mulberry silkworm goes through 4 stages during its individual development cycle – culminating in the grena, caterpillar (worm), pupa and butterfly stages. Of these, the pupal and butterfly stages are very short, the worm stage is relatively short, and the grena stage is very long.

    At this stage, mulberry silkworms spend 5 years and 4 sleeps. Every dream separates ages. During sleep, worms completely refuse food and change their shell. It is strictly forbidden to feed worms while sleeping. Because the feed given at this time prevents the worms from changing their shells and causes their death. Under normal feeding and temperature conditions, 1st instar takes 4 days, 2nd and 3rd instars 3 days each, 4th instar 5 days, and finally 5th instar 8-10 days.

    Increasing the yield of silk in exchange for the spent feed is one of the main issues and is of great importance in increasing the economic efficiency of sericulture. The practical solution to this problem depends, among other measures, on the sex composition of the cocoon worms taken for feeding.

    It should be noted that if mulberry silkworms are not provided with normal temperature and food, their age and sleep may be prolonged. If the mulberry silkworms are provided with the necessary agrozootechnical care, the feeding period is completed as 30 days.