Environmental problems caused by pesticides

Abstract

The most important of the global problems in agriculture is the destruction of most of the obtained products in the field and then in the warehouses by pests and diseases. They use a number of methods to fight pests, insects, rodents, fungi, and weeds in cultivated fields. The most widespread of these methods is the use of pesticides. Pesticides are chemicals. There are the following types of pesticides: acaricides - against ticks, antifeedants, insecticides - against lice, herbicides - against weeds, zoocides - against harmful vertebrates, bactericides, viroids, fungicides - against viruses and fungi.

Pesticides not only destroy pests, but also pose a great threat to human life and health. This is because they are xenobiotic compounds. According to the information provided by the World Health Organization, the use of pesticides around the world causes 20,000 people to die every year, and nearly 1 million people are poisoned. Pesticides also cause serious damage to nature. Thus, only 1% of the used pesticides achieve any desired goal, the remaining 99% fall into the environment and pollute the soil and air. Studies show that pesticides are also found in areas where they are not used. For example, in the blubber of walruses in Antarctica. This shows that pesticides circulate in nature. Some types of pesticides can remain in the soil for up to 20 years [1].Taking into account the danger of pesticides to the human body and the environment, a research work was conducted in our laboratory. The purpose of the research work is to clean the soil from pesticides by means of microorganisms. For this, soil samples with pesticides were taken from different regions of Azerbaijan. First, microorganisms were separated from those soils in a special environment, and then they were cultivated using a shaker. Plant seeds were planted in the soil samples. Planted plants were watered with ordinary water and microorganism solution. The obtained results confirm that it is possible to clean the soil from pesticides using microorganism solutions.