Different Types of Dementia: Commonalities and Distinctions

David Aphkhazava; Archil Chirakadze; Levan Gulua; Nodar Sulashvili; Devanshu Ganje; Krupa Kavale; Tamar Okropiridze; Ananya Naik; Deva Harsha Uday Gundluru; Manish Reddy Mogilahalli Ramachandrappa; AHMAD EL HAGE; Fareeha Aziz Mengal; Anushka Rohidas Temgire; Harshita Vimal Sharma; Ramashish Subhashchandra Vishwakarma; Mohd Amaan khan

Authors

David Aphkhazava PhD, Full Professor of Biochemistry at Alte university, Tbilisi, Georgia; Invited Lecturer (Professor) of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, Tbilisi Georgia, Full professor of Biochemistry Georgian National University SEU, Tbilisi Georgia , Invited Lecturer (Professor) of Biophysics and Microbiology, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia. Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6216-6477
Archil Chirakadze PhD, Georgian Techical University, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Levan Gulua PhD, Professor, Head of bachelor program of Biomedicine at University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Nodar Sulashvili MD, PhD, Doctor of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences In Medicine, Invited Lecturer (Professor) of Scientific Research-Skills Center at Tbilisi State Medical University; Professor of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology of International School of Medicine at Alte University; Professor of Pharmacology of Faculty of Medicine at Georgian National University SEU, Associate Affiliated Professor of Medical Pharmacology of Faculty of Medicine at Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani University; Associate Professor of Medical Pharmacology at School of Medicine at David Aghmashenebeli University of Georgia; Associate Professor of Biochemistry and Pharmacology Direction of School of Health Sciences at the University of Georgia. Associate Professor of Pharmacology of Faculty of Dentistry and Pharmacy at Tbilisi Humanitarian Teaching University; Tbilisi, Georgia; Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9005-8577.
Devanshu Ganje MD, Alte University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Krupa Kavale MD, Alte University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Tamar Okropiridze Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor at Alte University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Ananya Naik Alte University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Deva Harsha Uday Gundluru University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
Manish Reddy Mogilahalli Ramachandrappa Alte University, Tbilisi, Georgia
AHMAD EL HAGE European University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Fareeha Aziz Mengal University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
Anushka Rohidas Temgire Alte University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Harshita Vimal Sharma Alte University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Ramashish Subhashchandra Vishwakarma University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
Mohd Amaan khan University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia

Keywords:

Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, mixed dementia, AT(N) framework, amyloid-β, tau, α-synuclein, TDP-43, neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, small vessel disease, white matter hyperintensities, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, plasma p-tau (p-tau181/p-tau217), neurofilament light chain (NfL), DaTscan, cognitive decline, prevention and risk reduction

Abstract

Dementia represents a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative syndromes characterized by progressive cognitive decline, impaired daily functioning, and behavioral changes. The most common forms include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), each with unique pathophysiological underpinnings. Despite differences, these disorders share converging pathways such as synaptic dysfunction, protein aggregation, and neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the major dementia subtypes, highlights their clinical and molecular features, and discusses overlapping and distinct mechanisms. Understanding both shared and divergent aspects is essential for diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic development.

Different Types of Dementia: Commonalities and Distinctions

Authors

Keywords:

Abstract

Published

How to Cite

Issue

Section

License