Scientific Research and Experimental Development

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ АЛГОРИТМОВ МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ФОНДОВОГО РЫНКА НА ОСНОВЕ МОДЕЛЕЙ ВРЕМЕННЫХ РЯДОВ

Ахметжан Дана Муратбекқызы — 2026-08-17

Предмет исследования. Сравнительный анализ эффективности классических статистических моделей и алгоритмов машинного обучения при прогнозировании временных рядов финансовых активов.

Цель работы. Выявить наиболее точные и вычислительно эффективные модели для краткосрочного прогнозирования на фондовом рынке.

Методология. Тестирование эконометрических моделей (ARIMA, GARCH) и нейросетевых архитектур (LSTM, GRU) выполнено на дневных котировках индекса S&P 500 за 3.01.2018–29.12.2023 гг. (1509 наблюдений); сопоставление моделей выполнялось по показателям RMSE, MAE, MAPE и R².

Результаты. GRU превосходит LSTM по точности (RMSE 23,19 против 27,58; R² 0,971 против 0,958) и по вычислительной эффективности (на 24,6% меньше параметров, на 71,7% меньше эпох обучения). Модель ARIMA-GARCH (RMSE 44,36; R² 0,914) остаётся конкурентоспособной для низковолатильных активов. Точность прогнозирования направления движения цены у обеих нейросетей не превысила 53%.

Область применения. Разработка торговых стратегий, систем поддержки решений для финансовых аналитиков и дальнейшие исследования в области финансового прогнозирования.

Ключевые слова: машинное обучение, прогнозирование фондового рынка, модели временных рядов, ARIMA, GARCH, LSTM, GRU, S&P 500, сравнительный анализ.

Методы повышения эффективности деятельности предприятия в современных условиях

Бадуанова Нургуль Дулатовна — 2026-08-17

Эффективное функционирование предприятия в условиях рыночной экономики диктует необходимость использования новых подходов к организации управления. Как правило, основными критериями повышения эффективности деятельности предприятия в современных условиях являются использование новейших технологий, компьютерной техники, а также формирование высокоэффективных информативно-управленческих технологий. Управление современным предприятием — сложный процесс, базирующийся на выборе и реализации определенных текущих решений и стратегических задач, которые помогут обеспечить финансовую устойчивость, стабильность и социально-экономическое развитие организации.

Для улучшения эффективности и стабильности на рынке любому предприятию необходимо добиваться роста прибыли и рыночной стоимости, а также усиливать свои конкурентные позиции. Благодаря информационным технологиям и развитию в сфере технологий эффективность управления возросла. Информационные технологии — это новейшие методы обработки и анализа экономической информации, которая нужна для принятия решений. Обоснованность принимаемых решений в значительной степени определяются эффективностью используемых при обработке информации методов экономического анализа. Совершенствование технологий аналитической обработки экономической информации является одним из ключевых элементов повышения эффективности всей технологии управления.

Цифровизация архитектурной и градостроительной деятельности в Казахстане: преобразование городского пространства

Карымсакова Сагдат Урустеновна — 2026-08-17

В данной статье автором рассматривается влияние цифровизации архитектурной и градостроительной деятельности на преобразование городского пространства в Казахстане. Изучение и внедрение цифровых технологий в эти области с учетом современных вызовов и потребностей общества может привести к значительным изменениям в городском пространстве и способствовать его преобразованию, улучшить эффективность проектирования, повысить качество и безопасность строительства, сократить сроки и затраты на строительство, улучшить инфраструктуру и сделать городское пространство более функциональным и комфортным для его жителей. Преобразование городского пространства в Казахстане является важным направлением развития городов, где цифровизация может сыграть значительную роль. Прозрачность процессов в архитектурной и градостроительной деятельности может быть значительно увеличена благодаря информационным платформам и цифровым базам данных. Цель данной статьи состоит в том, чтобы изучить современные цифровые технологии и их влияние в преобразовании городского пространства. В данной работе фокус направлен на использование географических информационных систем (ГИС), информационных моделей зданий (BIM). В частности, авторами выделены возможности использования геопортала государственного градостроительного кадастра Республики Казахстан в преобразовании городского пространства. Цифровые базы данных способствуют повышению прозрачности процессов, так как они обеспечивают хранение и обмен информацией между участниками проекта, способствуют эффективному управлению данными. Внедрение таких технологий позволяет следить за всем процессом строительства, начиная от начального этапа проектирования и заканчивая завершением строительства и эксплуатаций объекта.

Современные подходы к реализации проектного менеджмента

Кусаинов Нурлан Тимурович — 2026-08-17

Проектное управление представляет собой основополагающий элемент системы менеджмента компании [1]. В условиях интенсификации деятельности хозяйствующих субъектов и высокой конкуренции эффективная система проектного управления выступает как ключевой фактор успеха, предоставляющий конкурентное преимущество. Эффективный менеджмент организации обеспечивается изучением и грамотным применением моделей проектного управления, однако в стремительно меняющихся условиях рынка необходимым представляется переход к новым моделям проектного управления, дающим возможность выстраивать высокоэффективную систему менеджмента проектов [2]. Наиболее перспективными являются гибкие методы проектного менеджмента, основанные на хорошо выстроенных механизмах и схемах коммуникаций и информационного обмена стейкхолдеров. В связи с этим актуальным является исследование особенностей современных методик проектного менеджмента.

Современные концепции управления и оценки проектных рисков

Оспанов Аргын Канышевич — 2026-08-17

Управление рисками в области строительства представляет собой важнейший аспект для успешной реализации проектов. В этой статье обсуждаются ключевые риски, оказывающие влияние на строительные процессы, а также современные подходы к их выявлению и снижению. Оценивается воздействие колебаний цен на строительные материалы, задержек в поставках, ошибок в проектной документации, административных препонов и погодных условий. В работе также представлены как количественные, так и качественные методики оценки рисков, такие как SWOT-анализ, метод Дельфи и метод ожидаемой денежной стоимости (EMV). В заключение статьи сформулированы стратегические рекомендации для повышения устойчивости строительных проектов и уменьшения вероятности возникновения серьезных угроз

Digital Transformation and SME Development in Kazakhstan: Evidence, Constraints, and Policy Priorities

Zhen Li — 2026-08-17

This article examines the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kazakhstan using official statistics and traceable institutional sources. The analysis distinguishes observed outcomes from survey findings and forecasts. Official statistics show that SMEs accounted for 40.9 per cent of GDP in 2025, while Mastercard’s 2025 survey reported widespread adoption of digital payments. E-commerce and IT-service exports also expanded, but these aggregate gains do not establish that all firms possess advanced digital capabilities. The article argues that Kazakhstan has developed strong digital foundations, while skills, finance, rural connectivity and the effective use of business data remain important constraints. Policy recommendations focus on targeted training, interoperable public infrastructure, responsible data use and differentiated support for micro and rural enterprises.

ESG Strategy and Corporate Performance in Kazakhstan’s Energy Sector: A Comparative Analysis of Leading Enterprises

Zhen Li — 2026-08-17

This study examines the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) strategy adoption and corporate performance within Kazakhstan’s energy sector through a comparative analysis of six leading enterprises: Samruk-Kazyna, KazMunayGas, Samruk-Energy, Karachaganak Petroleum Operating (KPO), Tengizchevroil (TCO), and KazTransOil. Using a qualitative comparative case study approach grounded in secondary data from corporate sustainability reports, annual reports, and peer-reviewed academic studies, the research investigates how ESG governance frameworks, environmental performance metrics, technology adoption, and transparency mechanisms vary across state-owned and joint-venture enterprises. The findings reveal that while all examined enterprises have made measurable progress in emission reductions, resource efficiency, and governance reform, significant disparities persist in reporting frameworks, technology deployment, and investment scale. International joint ventures (KPO, TCO) demonstrate comparatively stronger environmental performance outcomes, whereas national champions (KMG, Samruk-Energy) exhibit more comprehensive strategic alignment with national carbon neutrality targets. The study also identifies greenwashing risks arising from inconsistent ESG ratings and limited standardisation. These results carry important implications for sustainable business strategy in resource-dependent economies.

THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PROCESS AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Nino Tchanturia — 2026-08-17

This paper examines how university students use Artificial Intelligence tools in their academic work — how often, for what purposes, and with what consequences for productivity and academic integrity. Drawing on survey data from 120 students collected via a structured Google Forms questionnaire, the study finds that AI adoption is already near-universal: 70.6% of respondents use AI tools every day, and ChatGPT and Google Gemini account for the largest share of that activity. Students rely on AI chiefly to generate ideas and structure their writing (82.4%), to simplify difficult course material (58.8%), and to create visual presentations (47.1%). Three quarters of respondents report that AI has saved them time and improved the quality of their work, yet the ethical picture is considerably more complicated. Just over half the sample takes an intermediate position on whether AI use violates academic integrity — neither fully endorsing nor fully rejecting it — reflecting a broader institutional uncertainty that universities have yet to resolve. The paper closes with practical recommendations for AI governance policy, curriculum design, and integrity frameworks.

Alternative Financial Instruments in the Digital Economy: The Role of Crowdfunding in Kazakhstan

Serikbayev Aslan — 2026-08-17

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of crowdfunding as an alternative and innovative source of financing, its significance for the development of the modern economy, and prospects for its application in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Key crowdfunding models and principles of their functioning are examined, and their advantages and limitations are identified. Particular attention is paid to a comparative analysis of the development of crowdfunding in Kazakhstan and the United States of America, including a study of successful practices, statistical indicators, and the main differences in the structural and institutional conditions of the market.
Key barriers hindering the spread of crowdfunding in Kazakhstan have been identified: insufficient public awareness, limited access to international platforms, and an inadequate regulatory framework. The concluding section of the article outlines promising areas for the development of crowdfunding in the country, including possible measures of state support, the creation of national specialised platforms, and the development of integration with international crowdfunding ecosystems.

ЦИФРОВЫЕ КАДРЫ ДЛЯ УМНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ «ЗЕЛЕНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ» КАЗАХСТАНА: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОДГОТОВКИ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

Кирбaсова Лейла Габитовна — 2026-08-17

Анализ роли цифрового персонала в обеспечении функционирования и развития “умных” предприятий “зеленой экономики” в условиях цифровой трансформации, декарбонизации и меняющихся требований рынка труда , с учетом современных научных достижений, нормативно - правовых документов, актуальных тенденций социально-экономического развития Республики Казахстан .рольцифровизацию персонала в обеспечении функционирования и развития “умных” предприятий “зеленой экономики” в условиях цифровой трансформации , декарбонизации и меняющихся требований рынка труда, с учетом современных научных достижений и нормативных требований .Правовые документы, современные тенденции социально - экономического развития Республики Казахстан.

Исследование проводится с использованием системного и сравнительного подходов, анализа нормативно - правовых документов Республика Казахстан в отношении цифровизации, развития искусственного интеллекта, перехода к “зеленой экономике” и достижения углеродной нейтральности, а также анализа современных исследований в области цифровых и “зеленых” компетенций, образования и рынка труда .

Авторы доказали, что цифровая трансформация и переход Казахстана к более экологически устойчивой модели развития создают качественно новые требования к человеческому капиталу . Для “умных” предприятий “зеленой экономики” недостаточно готовить специалистов, обладающих только цифровыми или только экологическими знаниями . Необходимо развивать комплексный набор компетенций: цифровая грамотность, работа с данными и искусственным интеллектом, экологическое мышление, понимание основ сохранения ресурсов .декарбонизация, способность к непрерывному обучению и самостоятельному поиску технологических решений .

Подготовка цифровых специалистов для “зеленой экономики” должна рассматриваться как одно из условий достижения стратегических целей Казахстана , включая переход к низкоуглеродному развитию и достижение углеродной нейтральности к 2060 году . Особое внимание уделяется обновлению образовательных программ , развитию партнерских отношений между университетами и промышленными предприятиями , расширению практико - ориентированной подготовки , развитию системы непрерывного образования и повышению роли корпоративного обучения . Управление такими специалистами также требует изменения традиционных подходов : необходимо расширять самостоятельность работников , стимулировать инновационную инициативу , создавать возможности для удаленной гибридной занятости , профессионального роста и постоянного повышения квалификации

The Relationship Between Green Marketing Strategy and Corporate Social Responsibility

Zhang Zhiping — 2026-08-17

In today’s consumer terrain, the integration of green marketing strategy and corporate social responsibility is very significant. The integration has led to production of quality products, alignment of brands with their respective values and the impact of the general market to society and well-being. This study seeks to understand the synergies between green marketing and corporate social responsibility from the following dimensions; historical evolution, theoretical underpinnings, challenges and the role of regulations in the market. The study will use key theoretical frameworks such as Stakeholder theory, the Triple Bottom Line, Shared value concept and diffusion of innovation to achieve the study’s goals. Findings from literature indicate that integrating Green Marketing and CSR poses critical challenges such as green washing, cost considerations and measuring effectiveness. To avert these challenges, recommendations such as transparency and investing in sustainable practices was fronted. Summative, embracing the synergies between Green Marketing and CSR benefit both the businesses but also society and environment paving way for a more sustainable and equitable future.

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Cyberspace and Its Geopolitical Model

Tamta Kodua — 2026-08-17

21st century Cyberspace International Relationships One by one The most important In dimensions It was formed by states , international Organizations , private Companies And Society Daily Activities Growing up Digital Attitude Cyberspace No Only technological , but also Political , economic And Security Also in the field Action . This In process Special importance Acquires Artificial Intelligence (AI), which Cybersecurity Opportunities simultaneously Expands And New Type Dangers It originates .

Artificial Intelligence Development In cyberspace Power Balance sheet Change One by one Important As a factor Maybe Let's consider .AI 's With the help Possible Cyberattacks Automation , large Volume Data Fast Analysis , targets Identification , malicious Programs Adaptation And Social Engineering More Sophisticated Methods Use . Same Time , artificial Intelligence Important Opportunities creates Defensive For cybersecurity — threats Early Discovery , Network Anomalies Detection And On cyber incidents Fast Response In the direction .

Accordingly , AI And Cyberspace Interaction International Security New Geopolitical Model Formation One by one Important As a basis It appears to us .

Language Policy as a Method of Inter-Ethnic Conflict Regulation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Saparbayuly Madi — 2026-08-17

This article examines language policy as a principal instrument of inter-ethnic conflict regulation in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). Drawing on a mixed-methods analytical framework that integrates content analysis of normative-legal acts, secondary statistical data from the Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2023), and comparative analysis of multilingual governance models in Belgium, Switzerland, Singapore, and Latvia, the study addresses the central question of whether Kazakhstan's hierarchical bilingual arrangement — in which Kazakh functions as the state language and Russian retains official status — constitutes a structurally stable approach to ethno-linguistic tension management. The findings indicate that Kazakhstan's language policy has successfully operationalized a "soft Kazakhization" trajectory that elevates the status of the titular language while maintaining pragmatic protections for the Russian-speaking community, thereby preserving a low-to-medium inter-ethnic conflict risk profile across the observation period (1999–2023). The study identifies four core regulatory mechanisms embedded in this policy: constitutional-legal scaffolding, educational trilingualism, onomastic and symbolic reconfiguration, and institutional consultative pluralism (the Assembly of Peoples of Kazakhstan). Nonetheless, the article also identifies structural vulnerabilities including sociolinguistic stratification in the labor market, uneven implementation of the trilingual education program, and tensions arising from the Latin-script orthographic transition. The article contributes to the comparative literature on language planning, ethnopolitics, and post-Soviet state-building by offering a theoretically grounded, empirically supported assessment of Kazakhstan's model. Policy implications are discussed with reference to international standards and regional analogues.

ОБЕССМОЛИВАНИЕ НАФТАЛАНСКОЙ НЕФТИ ПРИРОДНЫМ БЕНТОНИТОМ

Маммадова Айнур Тейюб кызы — 2026-08-17

Актуальность: Нафталанская нефть обладает уникальными лечебными свой-ствами, но высокое содержание смолисто-асфальтеновых веществ 18-22% ограничивает её применение в медицине и нефтехимии.

Цель: Обосновать эффективность адсорбционного обессмоливания нафталанской нефти активированным бентонитом Казахского месторождения.

Методология: Лабораторная перколяция через неподвижный слой бентонита при 60°C, соотношение нефть:сорбент 10:1. Содержание САВ определяли по ГОСТ 11858-66. Результаты: Однократная адсорбция снизила содержание смол с 19,4% до 4,1%, асфальтенов с 2,3% до 0,4%. Выход целевого продукта 87,6%.

Научная новизна: Установлены оптимальные параметры обессмоливания нафталанской нефти местным бентонитом.

Практическая значимость: Технология позволяет получать медицинское и техническое сырье с содержанием САВ <5%.

DIVERSITY, COMORBIDITY AND THE OPENING OF MUSEUM AND GALLERY SPACES TO VISITORS

Daniela Valachová — 2026-08-17

Museums and galleries represent important cultural, educational and social spaces whose contemporary role extends beyond the preservation and presentation of cultural heritage to the creation of conditions for its accessible, meaningful and participatory mediation. This paper addresses the openness of museum and gallery spaces in relation to visitor diversity, with particular attention to visitors whose needs cannot be reduced to a single characteristic or category of disadvantage. In this context, the concept of comorbidity is used as a conceptual starting point for considering the coexistence of multiple characteristics, needs and barriers that may influence an individual's opportunities to participate in cultural life. Particular attention is paid to the shift from traditionally understood physical accessibility towards a broader concept of linguistic, social, digital, sensory and programmatic accessibility. The paper also highlights the role of museum and gallery education in creating opportunities for participation, communication and interaction. The aim is to theoretically emphasise the need to perceive museum and gallery visitors as complex individuals and cultural institutions as flexible spaces that do not provide only one universal mode of visiting, but enable different pathways to participation, experience, learning and the shared creation of cultural meaning.

Access to an Available Service: Non-Discrimination, Reasonableness and the Right to Health in the Codification of Uzbek Health Legislation

Firuza A. Mukhitdinova — 2026-08-17

Rights-based claims about preventive health services are usually framed as demands for new provision, and meet the resource objection available under progressive realisation. This article advances a different claim. Where a diagnostic service is already recognised as clinically indicated and already provided within a health system, but reaches children according to place of residence and family means rather than clinical need, the obligation engaged is non-discrimination, which is of immediate effect. Drawing on General Comment No. 20 and on comparative constitutional jurisprudence concerning restricted access to available interventions, the article applies this framework to the codification of Uzbek health legislation.
Keywords: right to health; non-discrimination; place of residence; accessibility; health legislation; Uzbekistan; developmental dysplasia of the hip

Does Akim PR Work? A Survey-Experimental Study of Proximity, Technocratic Achievement and National Symbolism in Kazakhstan’s Local Executive Communication

Ayubayeva Amina — 2026-08-17

Akim public relations in Kazakhstan now operates in a dense digital environment where local executive officials are expected to be visible, responsive, competent and symbolically close to citizens. Yet visibility does not automatically produce trust. The same communicative forces that push akims toward impressive public content - proximity to ordinary residents, demonstrable administrative achievement and national-symbolic language - may undermine credibility when citizens interpret the message as staged. This article develops a survey-experimental study of three akim PR strategies: proximity to people, technocratic achievement and national symbolism. The proposed experiment involves 200 participants randomly assigned to four equal groups: neutral administrative information, proximity content, technocratic content and national-symbolic content. The dependent variables include trust in the akim, perceived sincerity, perceived competence, perceived integrity, perceived staging, willingness to share the message and willingness to submit a request through official channels. The article introduces the concept of the staging penalty, defined as the decline in trust caused by perceived performativity in official communication. The study connects public communication theory, organizational trust, political authenticity, open government, digital media logic and Kazakhstan-specific research on civil servants’ communicative competencies. The practical contribution is an Authenticity Stress Test for akimat communication, designed to move local executive PR from personal image protection toward verifiable governance

Историко-культурное наследие региона Ұлытау: современные направления сохранения, исследования и популяризация

Берік Әбдіғалиұлы — 2026-08-17

В статье рассматривается историко-культурное значение региона Ұлытау в истории Казахстана, а также современные направления сохранения, исследования и популяризации его историко-культурного наследия. Охарактеризованы особенности археологических памятников, исторических мавзолеев, средневековых городищ и объектов наследия эпохи Улуса Жошы, расположенных на территории Ұлытау. Особое внимание уделено научно-исследовательской, реставрационной, музейной и культурно-просветительской деятельности Национального историко-культурного и природного музея-заповедника «Ұлытау».

Кроме того, рассматриваются вопросы цифровизации историко-культурного наследия, проведения археологических исследований, реставрации и развития культурного туризма. Определены актуальные проблемы сохранения и эффективной популяризации исторического наследия региона, обоснована необходимость повышения его национального и международного значения посредством научного изучения историко-культурных объектов Ұлытау, внедрения цифровых технологий и совершенствования туристической инфраструктуры.

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF OIL AND GAS FACILITY IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURAL LAND AND CROP PRODUCTION

Arzu Jamil gizi Safarli — 2026-08-17

This paper assesses the environmental risks posed by oil and gas facilities to adjacent agricultural land and crop production through a systematic probability-impact risk framework. Five principal contamination pathways — soil hydrocarbon contamination, irrigation water pollution, heavy metal uptake by crops, salinisation from drilling fluids, and atmospheric deposition — are characterised and prioritised. The scientific novelty lies in the quantification of crop yield losses attributable to each pathway using a dose-response modelling approach, integrating published experimental data with field measurements from oil-producing regions of Azerbaijan to calibrate exposure estimates to the local semi-arid context. Soil hydrocarbon contamination and irrigation water pollution are identified as critical risk pathways, with combined estimated crop yield reductions of 18–34 % in high-exposure buffer zones within 2 km of production facilities

The Role of Quantum Chemistry in Catalyst Design for Chemical Technologies and Nanoengineering

Anano Sheverdashvili — 2026-08-17

Quantum chemistry has become one of the central intellectual and practical tools in modern catalyst design because it links atomic-scale electronic structure to measurable catalytic performance. In chemical technologies and nanoengineering, where catalyst behavior is governed by subtle changes in composition, coordination environment, morphology, defect structure, support interactions, and operating conditions, quantum-chemical methods provide a framework for rationalizing activity, selectivity, and stability before large-scale experimental screening is undertaken. The emergence of density functional theory (DFT), post-Hartree–Fock methods for benchmark calculations, ab initio molecular dynamics, embedded quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics approaches, and more recently machine learning integrated with quantum chemistry has transformed catalyst discovery from a largely empirical enterprise into a predictive discipline. These methods are now routinely used to identify active sites, map reaction pathways, quantify adsorption energetics, interpret spectroscopic signatures, construct scaling relations, and reveal the origin of structure–property relationships in homogeneous, heterogeneous, electrochemical, photocatalytic, and single-atom catalytic systems (Nørskov et al., 2009; Seh et al., 2017; Sankar et al., 2020; Casillo et al., 2025).

In nanoengineered systems, the importance of quantum chemistry is even more pronounced. Nanocatalysts expose a high density of undercoordinated atoms, strain fields, interfaces, ligands, and support-mediated electronic effects that are difficult to isolate experimentally but can be examined directly through theory. Quantum-chemical analysis helps distinguish geometric effects from electronic effects, predict the consequences of size and shape changes, and guide the stabilization of metastable yet highly active structures such as single atoms, subnanometer clusters, defect-rich oxides, and heterostructured interfaces (Negreiros et al., 2012; Cao et al., 2016; Kraushofer et al., 2022). At the same time, the field faces important challenges related to functional accuracy, dynamic restructuring, solvation, electric fields, entropy, and the complexity gap between model catalysts and working materials. This review examines the conceptual foundations, methodological developments, and practical applications of quantum chemistry in catalyst design, with special emphasis on its role in emerging chemical technologies and nanoengineering. The review also outlines current limitations and future directions, arguing that the next phase of catalyst innovation will rely on tighter integration between quantum chemistry, operando characterization, data science, and autonomous experimentation (Lewis et al., 2023; Du et al., 2024; Shao et al., 2025).

PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIFE SKILLS OF PUPILS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER THROUGH BAKING

Barbora Kováčová — 2026-08-17

The development of practical and life skills represents an important component of the education of pupils with autism spectrum disorder. Educational activities based on real-life situations can provide opportunities for the development of independence, motor coordination, attention, communication and social interaction. The paper presents a pedagogical experiment focused on the development of practical and culinary skills of pupils with autism spectrum disorder through baking activities. The experiment was implemented in a special primary school and was based on structured learning, visual support, individualisation and gradual sequencing of individual work tasks. Particular attention was paid to the adaptation of the activity to the individual abilities, sensory characteristics and level of independence of the pupils. The results of the pedagogical observation indicate that baking can represent a meaningful educational activity through which pupils with autism spectrum disorder acquire practical experience applicable in everyday life. At the same time, the activity creates opportunities for developing autonomy, concentration, fine motor skills, following sequential instructions and experiencing success in a meaningful activity.

PILOT EVALUATION OF A MOTOR PROGRAMME AIMED AT SUPPORTING MOTOR PERFORMANCE IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH DYSPRAXIA

Martina Magová — 2026-08-17

The paper presents the results of a pilot evaluation of a motor programme designed to support the development of motor competencies and motor performance in preschool children with dyspraxia. The programme was developed as a systematically structured intervention aimed at strengthening selected basic motor skills and supporting successful participation in movement activities. The research sample consisted of five preschool-aged boys with dyspraxia who participated in the programme over a three-month period, with three intervention sessions per week. Selected motor competencies were assessed before and after the intervention using seven motor tasks focusing on locomotor skills, jumping abilities, and balance. The results indicated a positive change in the performance of all five participants. The mean total score increased from 15.4 points at baseline to 25.8 points at post-intervention assessment. The greatest improvement was observed in hopping on the right leg and in two-foot jumping tasks. Due to the very small sample size and the ordinal nature of the assessment, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare baseline and post-intervention scores. All five participants demonstrated a positive direction of change in the total score. The two-tailed test yielded p = 0.0625, which did not reach statistical significance at the α = 0.05 level. Given the directional hypothesis of improvement following the intervention, the one-tailed test yielded p = 0.03125. The calculated effect size was r = 0.84, indicating a very large effect. The findings suggest a positive trend in the development of the assessed motor competencies and provide preliminary support for the potential of a systematically structured motor programme to enhance the motor performance of preschool children with dyspraxia. However, due to the pilot nature of the study and the very small sample size, the findings should be interpreted with caution and further investigated in a larger sample.

МОДЕЛЬ-БАЗИРУЮЩИЕСЯ, МОДЕЛЬ-СВОБОДНЫЕ И ГИБРИДНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ РОБОТОВ: АНАЛИЗ ПОДХОДОВ И ГРАНИЦ ПРИМЕНИМОСТИ В СРЕДАХ С КОНТАКТНЫМ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕМ

Шмидт Александр Дмитриевич — 2026-08-17

В статье рассматриваются современные подходы к обучению роботов на основе искусственного интеллекта: модель-базирующие, модель-свободные и гибридные методы обучения с подкреплением. Проведён сравнительный анализ их эффективности, включая sample-эффективность и точность прогнозирования динамики. Отдельное внимание уделено ограничениям традиционных алгоритмов ИИ при работе в средах с контактным взаимодействием, трением, параметрической неопределённостью и нелинейностями. Показано, что существующие методы преимущественно апробированы на моделях жёстких тел без учёта контактов, что формирует исследовательский разрыв и обосновывает необходимость разработки физически-информированных (physics-informed) архитектур самообучения роботов

CITIES OF KAZAKHSTAN METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF ALMATY)

Sh.Sh.Karbayeva — 2026-08-17

The socio-economic development of Kazakhstan's cities is closely related to improving the quality of life of the population, ensuring economic growth, developing employment and human capital, improving infrastructure, promoting regional development, increasing innovation potential, ensuring sustainable urban development, and increasing the competitiveness of cities. In this regard, the growth of the gross domestic product of Almaty is one of the best indicators among the regions of Kazakhstan. Qualitative and sustainable socio-economic development of the city involves diversifying the city's economy and actively attracting investments.
The growth of Almaty's gross domestic product is one of the best indicators among the regions of Kazakhstan. The qualitative and sustainable socio-economic development of the city is closely related to the diversification of the city's economy and the active attraction of investments.
Almaty is recognized worldwide as the economic center of our country and a rapidly developing city that plays an important role in the development of Kazakhstan and the entire Central Asia. Almaty is distinguished by its advantageous geographical location, as an important transport and logistics center connecting the East and the West, with its developed economy, business and cultural relations, as well as the introduction of innovations into production and social life.
The presented article comprehensively examines the features of teaching the socio-economic development of Almaty, a city with such potential, through effective methods and approaches in general education schools. To do this, first of all, an analysis of typical educational programs was conducted, and the demographic situation of the city, economic potential, development of the service sector, transport infrastructure and urbanization processes were analyzed from the perspective of the content of geographical education.
The Standard Curriculum for Teaching Geography of Kazakhstan in Secondary Schools includes the section "Socio-Economic Development of Regions". It provides students with an overview of the natural resource potential of the regions of Kazakhstan, the characteristics of the population, the territorial organization of the economy and social indicators, and the learning objectives include identifying factors of development of regions, conducting a comparative analysis of specialization areas based on statistical and cartographic materials, as well as identifying current issues and prospects for regional development.
The article presents a methodology for achieving these learning objectives.described systematically. The methodology is interconnectedcharacterized by active learning methods. This allows students to strengthen their ability to apply knowledge in real-life situations, develop problem-solving and decision-making competencies, and improve their skills in working with geographic data and effectively using digital tools in analyzing cartographic and statistical information.

SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

Marcela Čarnická — 2026-08-17

An integral part of every person's life is communication, which is realized through speech and language. Everyone acquires the language system from birth. However, in a child with a medical disability, speech development may be delayed and slowed down as a result of the diagnosis. In the article, we briefly describe the sound level of language, which is an important key not only to successful communication, but also necessary for later learning to read and write. The text explains the difference between phonemic and phonological awareness, briefly describes the specifics of Treacher Collins syndrome and hearing impairment. The article contains a description of special pedagogical support for a child with Treacher Collins syndrome and associated hearing impairment.

BRITISH COUNCIL TEACHING ENGLISH – МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ОНЛАЙН-ПЛАТФОРМА СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО УРОВНЯ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЕЙ ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА

Кязимова Ирина Ивановна — 2026-08-17

В данной научной работе раскрывается специфика организации методического процесса обучения и рассматривается роль развития и совершенствования уровня подготовки учителей и преподавателей. В число целей и задач продуктивного функционирования учебного процесса входит создание условий как для обучения, так и для развития всех участников образовательного процесса. Совершенствование уровня подготовки преподавателей можно назвать одним из важнейших направлений профессиональной деятельности и фактором, повышающим качество учебно-воспитательного процесса. Международные программы, онлайн-платформы, повышающие квалификацию учителей, помогают их личностному росту, расширению профессионального кругозора, обогащению педагогического потенциала. Одной из организаций, способствующей развитию педагогической деятельности учителей является Британский Совет обучения учителей. Международная организация Объединённого Королевства по культурным связям и образовательным возможностям (British Council Teaching English. (London, UK). International organization for cultural relations and educational opportunities), базирующаяся в Лондоне. Данная научная статья анализирует актуальные темы методической науки, которые получают наиболее частое освещение в международной программе Британского Совета по развитию и повышению квалификации преподавателей. Эти темы рассматриваются с различных позиций современных экспертов-учёных, которые представляют их в своих докладах, публикациях, презентациях на различных ресурсах онлайн-платформы Британского Совета (British Council Teaching English).

Psychoeducational interventions for reducing emotional distress in women with cancer during rehabilitation

Janbayeva Ayazhan Bakhytzhanovna — 2026-08-17

Cancer is associated not only with physical impairment but also with substantial psychological burden, including anxiety, depressive symptoms, fear, emotional tension, changes in self-perception, and difficulties in social adaptation. These problems are particularly relevant among women with breast cancer and malignancies of the reproductive system, for whom treatment may additionally affect body image, femininity, interpersonal relationships, and social functioning. The aim of this review was to analyze the role of psychoeducational and related psychological interventions in reducing emotional distress and facilitating psychological adaptation during cancer rehabilitation. Four Russian-language studies addressing emotional distress, psychological and psychotherapeutic rehabilitation, social support, and psychological interventions in women with cancer were analyzed. The reviewed evidence indicates a high prevalence of emotional distress and anxiety-depressive symptoms among cancer patients and demonstrates the potential benefits of interventions combining psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral techniques, relaxation and self-regulation training, psychological support, and work with illness-related beliefs. Particular attention should be given to the development of adaptive coping skills, acceptance of the illness situation, mobilization of personal resources, and effective use of social support. The findings support the integration of structured psychoeducational components into comprehensive rehabilitation programs for women with cancer.

ТҮРКІ ӘЛЕМІН ӨРКЕНДЕТУДЕГІ МӘДЕНИ БІРЛІК ПЕН ӨРКЕНИЕТТІ ҚҰРУ: БІЛІМ, ҒЫЛЫМ ЖӘНЕ ТАРИХТЫҢ ИНТЕГРАЦИЯЛЫҚ ПАРАДИГМАСЫ

Л. Әділбекова — 2026-08-17

Мақалада XXI ғасыр жағдайындағы түркі әлемінің мәдени тұтастығын нығайтудағы білім, ғылым және тарихи сананың интеграциялық әлеуеті өркениеттік көзқарас тұрғысынан қарастырылады. Түркі өркениеті адамзат өркениетінің маңызды құрамдас бөлігі ретінде бағаланып, оның қалыптасуы мен дамуындағы тарихи факторлар жүйелі түрде сараланады. Автор түркі халықтарының ортақ тарихи жадының, мәдени мұрасының және ғылыми дәстүрінің қазіргі интеграциялық үдерістердегі рөлін талдай отырып, Ұлы Жібек жолының өркениеттер арасындағы білім алмасу кеңістігі болғанын негіздейді. Сонымен қатар орта ғасырлардағы түркі ойшылдарының әлемдік ғылымға қосқан үлесі бағаланып, қазіргі Түркі мемлекеттері ұйымының білім мен ғылым саласындағы ынтымақтастығының негізгі бағыттары айқындалады. Түркістан қаласында құрылып жатқан Түркі өркениеті орталығының түркі халықтарының ортақ ғылыми-білім беру кеңістігін қалыптастырудағы стратегиялық миссиясы көрсетіледі.

Speech and Communication Strategies in the Professional Training of Seafarers: Linguocultural Features of Maritime Discourse

Medea Imnadze — 2026-08-17

One of the foundations of communication theory is the theory of speech acts, which is considered as a strategy and tactics of speech behavior. The implementation of communication is largely associated with the addressee's attempt to influence the interlocutor. In accordance with pragmatic goals, the speaker chooses a certain speech program, which is organized based on the goal of the relationship, it is precisely this communicative strategy that forms a certain "vector" of the relationship. The more precisely (more adequately) the communicative strategy is chosen, the more successful the results of the speech relationship are for the speaker.

The concepts of communicative strategy and tactics are actively used in modern studies of various discourses. In many cases, communicative strategy is associated with motives, intention, some general (macro) goal and chooses a more adequate way to achieve it. This task is solved by communicative (speech) tactics, which are defined as one or more actions that implement strategies (Isers 2006:110).

Commands and Their Means of Expression in English

Medea Imnadze — 2026-08-17

Speech act is an elementary unit of speech communication. The basis of a speech act is the speaker's desire to have an emotional impact on the addressee through informative or non-informative, official or unofficial communication situations. In the structure of language and in speech communication, forms of expression of emotions occupy an important place.

Means of expressing will can be an order, a prohibition, a warning, a request, advice. In the field of speech act, imperative forms play a large role, which express the will of one of the persons.

The grammatical category of verb change is represented by the verb, showing the speaker's attitude to the content of the utterance, or the attitude of the situation to the real world. The verb is a grammatical means of modal meanings. The imperative is an ancient linguistic category that is constantly being replenished with new forms. The imperative is a universal category in languages of various groups and systems (e.g. English, Russian, Georgian, Hungarian, Azerbaijani, Uzbek, etc.), and in each of them it has its own characteristics.

In all fields of human activity - be it technology or medicine, linguistics or engineering, maritime affairs or other ... there are individuals who express the will of the individual, and these people are older than others either in age or in position.

Interest in the forms expressing the will of the subject of speech is explained by the imperative meaning of expression, the diversity of its systematization and, at the same time, the expression of the concepts of the functional-semantic field of special monographic works.

The scientist A.B. Bondarenko and his scientific works on this topic are noteworthy.

The content of the thought expressed by the speaker may be understood as a possibility or desire, as an obligation or necessity. The speaker's assessment of what he or she says, and therefore the relationship between what he or she says and reality, is called modality.

SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVES ON EPILEPSY: INTEGRATING NEUROIMMUNOLOGY, GENETICS, PRECISION PHARMACOTHERAPY, TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE, EMERGING THERAPEUTIC INNOVATIONS, AND COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Nodar Sulashvili — 2026-08-17

Epilepsy is a heterogeneous and multifactorial neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures arising from pathological neuronal hyperexcitability and hypersynchronous network activity. Contemporary scientific understanding has progressively expanded beyond a predominantly electrophysiological model toward an integrated framework encompassing neuroimmunology, genetics, molecular neuroscience, precision pharmacotherapy, translational medicine, and comprehensive clinical management. This scientific perspective examines epilepsy as a dynamic systems disorder in which genetic susceptibility, ion-channel dysfunction, altered neurotransmission, synaptic remodeling, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, metabolic disturbances, vascular abnormalities, and structural brain pathology interact to initiate and sustain epileptogenesis. Particular emphasis is placed on neuroimmune mechanisms, including microglial and astrocytic activation, cytokine signaling, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, and autoimmune processes involving neuronal surface and intracellular antigens. The recognition of autoimmune epilepsy has strengthened the rationale for immunological evaluation and mechanism-based interventions in selected patients. Genetic and epigenetic investigations have simultaneously revealed substantial molecular heterogeneity involving ion channels, synaptic proteins, developmental pathways, mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, transcriptional regulation, DNA methylation, histone modification, and regulatory non-coding RNAs. These discoveries provide an increasingly sophisticated foundation for molecular classification and individualized therapeutic strategies. The therapeutic landscape continues to evolve through advances in antiseizure pharmacotherapy, therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacogenomics, pharmacovigilance, immunotherapy, targeted molecular treatment, neuromodulation, metabolic interventions, and emerging disease-modifying approaches. Nevertheless, pharmacoresistance remains a major clinical challenge, while adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, comorbidities, treatment adherence, and unequal access to specialized care continue to influence outcomes. Precision pharmacotherapy therefore requires integration of clinical phenotype, genetic and molecular characteristics, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic information, biomarkers, therapeutic response, and patient-specific risk factors. Advanced neuroimaging, electrophysiology, multi-omics technologies, computational neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and digital health are increasingly enabling earlier diagnosis, improved epileptogenic network characterization, prognostic assessment, and individualized treatment selection. Translational research provides an essential bridge between mechanistic discoveries and clinically applicable interventions, particularly in the pursuit of antiepileptogenic and neuroprotective therapies capable of modifying disease progression rather than merely suppressing seizures. The contemporary epilepsy science supports a multidisciplinary, precision-oriented paradigm integrating molecular mechanisms, neuroimmune regulation, genetic architecture, advanced diagnostics, pharmacological innovation, safety surveillance, and personalized clinical care. Continued interdisciplinary collaboration and rigorous translational investigation are essential to overcome pharmacoresistance, reduce neurological and psychosocial burden, improve therapeutic safety, and establish more predictive, preventive, and disease-modifying approaches to epilepsy management worldwide. The clinical implications of this integrated model extend across the lifespan and across etiological subtypes, including developmental, structural, genetic, autoimmune, metabolic, post-traumatic, vascular, infectious, and neurodegenerative epilepsies. Age-dependent differences in neurodevelopment, pharmacokinetics, comorbidity profiles, and treatment vulnerability further reinforce the necessity of individualized care. Comprehensive management should consequently incorporate seizure control, cognitive and psychiatric assessment, and prevention of medication-related harm, psychosocial support, patient education, and continuous reassessment of therapeutic effectiveness. Future research should prioritize validated biomarkers, mechanistically informed clinical trials, longitudinal real-world evidence, interoperable data systems, and equitable implementation of innovative technologies. Such approaches may accelerate the transition from reactive seizure management toward precision prevention, early intervention, and durable improvement in neurological function and quality of life. This transformation requires patient-centered, evidence-based, ethically responsible implementation of emerging scientific discoveries.