Decoding the Human Genome for Implications of Health and Disease

Abstract

The human genome carries a great deal of information that is useful in understanding basic mechanisms of health and disease. This review provides a summary of recent advances in genome sequencing and bioinformatics for an improved understanding of genetic causes of susceptibility, the progression of diseases, and response to treatments. For example, by deciphering the human genome, it is now possible for scientists to identify genetic mutations associated with given diseases and hence lay the path to precision medicine, where treatments could be tailored according to specific individual genetic profiles. The article explores some of the developments in genomics, such as identifying biomarkers for the early detection of disease and understanding the genetic basis of complex disorders including, but not confined to, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions. This report further considers the ethical, social, and clinical implications of such handling and, therefore, outlines the need for responsible handling of genetic data. Results support the viewpoint that genomics holds significant transformative potential in renewing disease prevention, improving patient results, and shaping future personalized health