The role of innovation in enhancing economic competitiveness in Kazakhstan
Keywords:
modernization, technological changes, industry, innovation, industrial modernization, post-industrial economy, fundamental research, new technologies, export licenses, and innovative developmentAbstract
The article explores a model for the technological modernization of foreign industries and provides recommendations on applying foreign expertise in the context of Kazakhstan. The primary goal was to achieve a new, upgraded economy, with the United States taking the lead in the international race for modernization. Industry modernization involves a systematic, coordinated transformation process. Looking back, Japan's modernization journey allowed it to transition from a developmental model to progressive development, paving the way for its unique path to maturity and global contribution.
China's leadership has acknowledged the necessity of sharing foreign technology and modernization experiences to overcome backwardness and reach a global standard. Successful implementation on a large scale requires effective coordination among various stakeholders, including economic entities, advanced scientific institutions, and other relevant parties.
