WATER RESOURCES OF KAZAKHSTAN: CURRENT STATUS AND MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

Abstract

The article examines the water resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan, their current quantitative and qualitative status, as well as key water management challenges under conditions of climate change and increasing water demand. The study is based on the analysis of hydrological, statistical, and analytical data reflecting the present state of surface and groundwater resources. Particular attention is paid to regional water availability, the transboundary nature of river runoff, and the impact of economic activities on water quality. The results indicate that the main challenges facing Kazakhstan’s water sector include declining water resources, uneven spatial distribution, pollution of water bodies, and insufficient efficiency of the existing water management system. The paper emphasizes the necessity of implementing integrated water resources management principles, improving monitoring systems, and strengthening international cooperation on transboundary water use. The findings of the study can be applied in the development of strategic planning documents and practical measures aimed at enhancing water security and ensuring sustainable development of the Republic of Kazakhstan