World Scientific Reports

Compressive Behaviour of Modified Polymeric Aggregate Concrete: An Empirical Modelling

Gregory U. Udie — 2026-02-09

Waste tyres are one of the most significant environmental nuisances the world has to contend with today due to their non-biodegradability in nature. The traditional indiscriminate methods employed in disposing of these waste materials constitute serious environmental hazards and are severely threatening our health, safety and environment. Therefore, recycling these waste tyres into construction materials serves as a suitable means to properly dispose of this vast amount of used rubber tyres. This work, therefore, presents a comprehensive review of the engineering properties of recycled waste rubber tyres. used for reinforced composite concrete production in civil infrastructural works. The experimental research method was adopted in this study, where composite concrete of grade 25 in a nominal mix of 1:2:4 with varying proportions of the polymeric chips as partial replacement to coarse aggregates, ranging from 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, up to 60% were used to produce concrete cubes of 150 x 150 x 150mm as specimens and subjected to slump test, and compressive strength test, in order to determine the workability, strength and structural integrity of the concrete. The result of this experiment showed that replacing 5% of natural aggregates with polymeric material in concrete production improved its compressive strength by 3.1% at 7 days of curing and 3.5% at 28days of curing. However, with further increment of the polymeric material to 10%, 20% and above, the compressive strength reduced drastically below the minimum permissible levels. It is hereby recommended that to produce a sound composite lightweight concrete with improved compressive strength for structural stability, a moderate percentage, precisely less than 10% of this polymeric material should be used as partial replacement

Comparative analysis of flood monitoring information systems

Bekbossynov Adil Bauyrzhanuly — 2026-02-09

Against the backdrop of global climate transformations and the increasing frequency of extreme meteorological phenomena, floods are becoming one of the most widespread and destructive natural disasters. According to the World Meteorological Organization, in the period from 2000 to 2023 the consequences of floods affected more than 1.5 billion people, which allows them to be regarded as the predominant type of natural hazard [1]. Overflowing water masses have a significant negative impact on economic systems, infrastructure facilities, and the agricultural sector, and also pose a direct threat to the life and health of the population. In this regard, the implementation of modern digital solutions becomes particularly important, including machine learning methods and artificial intelligence technologies that ensure increased forecasting accuracy and reduced response time [2]. Floods are among the most large-scale in terms of consequences and regularly recurring natural disasters worldwide. According to information from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), over the past decades there has been a noticeable increase in both the frequency and the intensity of floods, including in territories that were not previously considered high-risk areas [3]. Climate transformations, urbanization processes, disruption of natural ecosystems, and inefficient water resource management contribute to the growing vulnerability of territories and populations to flood and inundation events. It is projected that by 2050 the number of people living in areas of potential flood risk may more than double [4]. This problem is most pronounced in countries characterized by extensive river systems, mountainous terrain, and densely populated lowland areas. The Republic of Kazakhstan also belongs to the group of vulnerable states, as seasonal flood events and emergency situations caused by intense rainfall, rapid snowmelt, and river overflow are recorded annually on its territory. For example, during the spring periods of 2017 and 2023, large-scale floods were documented in several regions of Kazakhstan, resulting in the evacuation of a significant number of residents, damage to infrastructure facilities, and substantial economic losses [5]. Traditional approaches to flood monitoring and response are often characterized by delays and insufficient accuracy of results, as they are based on outdated technological solutions, are susceptible to human factors, and have limited capacity to account for large volumes of real-time information. Under conditions of accelerating natural process dynamics and the growing number of data sources (satellite imagery, meteorological indicators, sensor networks, and IoT devices), the need for the development of automated monitoring systems is increasing, ensuring the rapid collection, processing, and analytical interpretation of information for timely managerial decision-making [6]. The development of artificial intelligence technologies, machine learning methods, and Big Data analytics tools creates fundamentally new opportunities for solving the tasks of automated flood detection and forecasting. Intelligent algorithms are capable of effectively identifying hidden relationships within heterogeneous data streams and adapting to changing operating conditions in real time [7]. The application of such technological solutions contributes to improving the accuracy of predictive assessments, reducing the response time of emergency services, and ultimately ensuring a decrease in human casualties and the minimization of socio-economic damage.

ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ ЦИФРОВАЯ ПЛАТФОРМА ДЛЯ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ДОСУДЕБНОГО КОЛЛЕКТИВНОГО УРЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ЗАДОЛЖЕННОСТИ

Саидулы А. — 2026-02-09

Современный финансовый сектор Казахстана сталкивается с системной проблемой: процедуры досудебного урегулирования просроченной задолженности и реструктуризации долгов во многих организациях остаются фрагментарными, бюрократизированными и слабо контролируемыми. Коммуникации между кредитором и заёмщиком часто ведутся через разнородные каналы, обращения клиентов обрабатываются вручную, а согласование условий реструктуризации занимает недели и месяцы. В результате возрастают кредитные риски, увеличиваются расходы на персонал и документооборот, усиливается социальное напряжение, а часть кейсов переходит в судебную плоскость.

Международная практика показывает, что цифровые механизмы онлайн‑разрешения споров (Online Dispute Resolution, ODR) позволяют сокращать сроки и стоимость урегулирования, а также повышать доступность процедур для граждан и организаций [1–4]. В исследованиях последних лет подчёркивается потенциал алгоритмической поддержки (в том числе методов машинного обучения и обработки естественного языка) для классификации обращений, подготовки предложений и прогнозирования сценариев урегулирования [1,3,10]. Одновременно фиксируются риски непрозрачности и предвзятости алгоритмов, что требует этических рамок, аудита и сохранения ключевой роли человека в принятии решений [5,9,12].

ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНЫЙ ПАРК КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СВАРОЧНОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ: КЕЙС ЗАПАДНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА

Амангалеев С. — 2026-02-09

Западный Казахстан, будучи стратегически важным регионом с доминирующей ролью нефтегазового сектора, формирует устойчивый спрос на сварочное оборудование, расходные материалы и услуги высокоточной механической обработки [1]. Интенсивное развитие нефтепереработки, трубопроводного строительства и смежных отраслей сопровождается высокими требованиями к объемам, качеству и оперативности поставок. Однако существующая промышленно-производственная и логистическая инфраструктура региона не в полной мере отвечает этим потребностям, что приводит к значительной импортозависимости и связанным с ней логистическим и ценовым рискам.

ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ ПЕННАЯ ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ОЧИСТКА ТЕПЛООБМЕННОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ: ТЕХНИКО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ДЛЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ

Мурзагалиев А.Е. — 2026-02-09

В условиях роста технологической сложности производственных процессов и ужесточения требований к энергоэффективности и экологической безопасности поддержание работоспособности теплообменного оборудования приобретает критическую важность. Загрязнение теплообменных поверхностей приводит к существенному снижению коэффициента теплопередачи, росту энергопотребления, увеличению эксплуатационных затрат и сокращению срока службы оборудования. Особенно остро данная проблема стоит в нефтегазоперерабатывающей и смежных отраслях, где снижение эффективности теплообмена напрямую влияет на производственные показатели и себестоимость продукции. В связи с этим актуальным является поиск и внедрение инновационных, ресурсосберегающих и экологически ориентированных технологий очистки, способных обеспечить устойчивое функционирование производственных систем. Целью представленного исследования стала разработка и технико-экономическое обоснование специализированного оборудования для высокоэффективной пенной химической очистки теплообменников и воздушных охладителей.

3D-СКАНИРОВАНИЕ И РЕВЕРС-ИНЖИНИРИНГ КАК КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО РЕМОНТНОГО СЕРВИСА В КАЗАХСТАНЕ

Кондрашихин В. — 2026-02-09

Предприятия нефтегазовой, химической и смежных отраслей Казахстана сталкиваются с существенными экономическими и технологическими вызовами, связанными с обеспечением непрерывности производства. Высокие затраты и длительные простои оборудования, обусловленные недостаточной локальной ремонтной базой, зависимостью от импортных запасных частей и ограниченными возможностями традиционных сервисов, напрямую снижают производственную эффективность и конкурентоспособность [3]. В условиях глобальных трансформаций цепочек поставок и усиления политики импортозамещения, развитие отечественного высокотехнологичного ремонтного сервиса переходит из разряда опциональных улучшений в категорию стратегических задач экономической и технологической безопасности [1, 8, 13].

РАЗРАБОТКА ИНТЕГРАЦИОННОЙ ПЛАТФОРМЫ ДЛЯ РЫНКА ЮРИДИЧЕСКИХ УСЛУГ: БИЗНЕС-МОДЕЛЬ И СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ НА ПРИМЕРЕ КАЗАХСТАНА

Калдыбаев А. — 2026-02-09

Юридическая помощь является критически важным элементом правовой системы и социальной защиты. В Казахстане, как и во многих странах, население и бизнес сталкиваются с постоянной потребностью в квалифицированных юридических услугах, спектр которых охватывает гражданско-правовые, административные, уголовные, семейные, трудовые и корпоративные вопросы [1]. Однако процесс поиска и выбора подходящего специалиста сопряжен со значительными трудностями: отсутствием централизованной информации, временными затратами на анализ предложений, непрозрачностью ценообразования и несистематизированными данными о репутации и опыте юристов [2]. С другой стороны, сами юристы и адвокаты сталкиваются с проблемами привлечения клиентов, высокой стоимостью маркетинга и необходимостью детализации заказов.

В этой связи актуальность разработки единой интеграционной цифровой платформы, решающей указанные проблемы, приобретает не только практическое, но и социально-экономическое значение. Такая платформа способна стать катализатором повышения эффективности рынка юридических услуг, обеспечивая его цифровизацию, прозрачность и доступность. Целью данного исследования является разработка концепции и механизма функционирования единой системы интеграции информации о юридических услугах в Казахстане с возможностью подбора специалистов в разных отраслях юриспруденции.

Methodology for Using Statistics in High School Geography Classes

Murat Maira — 2026-02-09

The growing emphasis on data-driven learning and competency-based education has increased the importance of statistical methods in high school geography classes. Statistics enables students to interpret spatial patterns, analyze socio-economic and environmental phenomena, and develop critical thinking skills necessary for understanding complex geographic processes. This study explores a methodology for integrating statistical analysis into high school geography teaching in order to enhance students’ functional literacy, analytical reasoning, and problem-solvingabilities.

The research is grounded in an interdisciplinary framework that combines principles of geographic education, statistical literacy, and constructivist learning theory. Using secondary educational data, curriculum documents, and classroom-based case examples, the study applies descriptive and comparative methods to examine how statistical tools—such as tables, graphs, diagrams, and basic quantitative indicators—can be effectively incorporated into geography lessons. Particular attention is given to student-centered activities, real-world datasets, and inquiry-based learning tasks that connect statistical skills with geographic content.

The findings suggest that the systematic use of statistics in geography classes improves students’ ability to interpret geographic information, identify trends and correlations, and make evidence-based conclusions. The methodology supports deeper conceptual understanding of topics such as population dynamics, economic development, climate variability, and environmental change. Moreover, integrating statistics fosters interdisciplinary learning and strengthens students’ preparedness for further academic study and real-life decision-making.

This study contributes to geography education research by proposing a practical and pedagogically grounded framework for teaching statistics within the geography curriculum. The results highlight the need for updated teaching strategies and teacher training programs that promote the effective use of statistical methods as a core component of modern geographic education.

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A TOOL FOR TEACHING SPATIAL DIMENSIONS OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY

Yerbolat Yelay — 2026-02-09

This research investigates the role of digital technologies as effective tools in teaching the spatial dimensions of social inequality within geography education. With the rise of geographic information systems (GIS), interactive digital mapping, and online geospatial learning platforms, educators now have greater capacity to engage students in analyzing complex patterns of socio-spatial disparities. The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a teaching methodology that integrates digital geographic technologies into classroom practices to enhance learners’ spatial reasoning, critical analysis, and understanding of how social inequalities manifest across regions. Using a mixed-methods approach combining pedagogical intervention, student performance assessment, and qualitative feedback, the study demonstrates that digital tools significantly improve students’ ability to interpret spatial data, recognize regional inequalities in access to resources and services, and apply geographic concepts to real-world issues. Findings highlight that digital technologies foster active learning, encourage student participation, and contribute to deeper comprehension of socio-spatial phenomena. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for implementing digital geographic resources in diverse educational settings, emphasizing their potential to transform geography instruction and prepare students for competency in analyzing socio-spatial inequality.

Methods of using artificial intelligence technologies in project-based learning in the Fundamentals of Geoeconomics section of school geography

Zyba Kadyrbekova — 2026-02-09

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has significantly transformed contemporary educational practices, positioning AI as a key instrument for knowledge construction, data analysis, and digital innovation in school education. Beyond its technical functions, AI increasingly influences pedagogical models, learning personalization, and the development of higher-order cognitive skills. This study examines the role of artificial intelligence technologies in project-based learning within the “Fundamentals of Geoeconomics” section of school geography, focusing on their potential to enhance students’ understanding of spatial-economic processes and global economic interdependencies.

The research adopts an integrated analytical framework that combines insights from digital pedagogy, constructivist learning theory, and geoeconomic education. Drawing on educational practice, curriculum documents, and classroom-based project activities, the study employs comparative and qualitative analysis to assess how the integration of AI-based tools relates to students’ learning outcomes across different instructional contexts. Particular attention is given to the role of AI in supporting information processing, data visualization, scenario modeling, and decision-making in geoeconomic projects.

The findings indicate that the use of AI technologies in project-based learning contributes to improved student engagement, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. AI-supported projects are shown to facilitate deeper conceptual understanding of regional development, spatial inequalities, and global economic dynamics by enabling students to work with real-world datasets and simulate alternative development scenarios. However, the results also reveal that the benefits of AI integration are unevenly distributed. Educational environments with higher levels of digital infrastructure, teacher preparedness, and technological accessibility benefit disproportionately, while less-resourced schools face structural constraints that may limit the effectiveness of AI-based instruction.

This study contributes to the literature on digital geography education by synthesizing pedagogical, technological, and spatial-economic perspectives within a project-based learning framework. The findings underscore the need for coordinated educational policies and teacher training programs that promote inclusive and ethically informed access to artificial intelligence technologies, ensuring that AI supports balanced, meaningful, and sustainable learning in school geography.

WATER RESOURCES OF KAZAKHSTAN: CURRENT STATUS AND MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

Gulmira Berdygulova — 2026-02-09

The article examines the water resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan, their current quantitative and qualitative status, as well as key water management challenges under conditions of climate change and increasing water demand. The study is based on the analysis of hydrological, statistical, and analytical data reflecting the present state of surface and groundwater resources. Particular attention is paid to regional water availability, the transboundary nature of river runoff, and the impact of economic activities on water quality. The results indicate that the main challenges facing Kazakhstan’s water sector include declining water resources, uneven spatial distribution, pollution of water bodies, and insufficient efficiency of the existing water management system. The paper emphasizes the necessity of implementing integrated water resources management principles, improving monitoring systems, and strengthening international cooperation on transboundary water use. The findings of the study can be applied in the development of strategic planning documents and practical measures aimed at enhancing water security and ensuring sustainable development of the Republic of Kazakhstan

CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN: IMPLEMENTATION AND ADAPTATION IN GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION

Askerbekova Aigul — 2026-02-09

Climate change education (CCE) has become a central component of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), aiming to equip learners with the knowledge, skills, and values necessary to address climate-related challenges. While international research highlights increasing integration of climate change into education curricula, Central Asian contexts remain underrepresented. This article examines the implementation and adaptation of climate change education in Kazakhstan’s geography education context. Drawing on international ESD and CCE literature and Kazakhstan-specific policy documents, the study adopts a qualitative document analysis approach. The findings indicate that climate change education in Kazakhstan is primarily embedded within geography and environmental science programs and remains largely knowledge-oriented. Competencies such as systems thinking, dealing with uncertainty, and socio-scientific reasoning are weakly developed. The paper discusses structural and pedagogical challenges and proposes pathways for strengthening climate change education through interdisciplinary integration, competency-oriented pedagogy, and digital tools.

Geographical assessment of the dynamics of spatial boundary changes in the city of Almaty

Kulmukhanova Damira — 2026-02-09

Rapid urban transformation significantly influences the sustainability trajectory of contemporary metropolitan regions. Understanding the dynamics of spatial boundary changes is essential for ensuring balanced territorial development and effective urban governance. The city of Almaty, as the largest metropolitan center of Kazakhstan, has undergone substantial spatial restructuring since 1991 due to demographic growth, administrative reforms, economic concentration, and infrastructure expansion. This study provides a comprehensive geographical assessment of the dynamics of spatial boundary changes in Almaty by integrating geospatial analysis with bibliometric mapping.

Scientific publications indexed in the core collections of Web of Science, Scopus, and Dimensions databases were reviewed to identify dominant research trends in urban boundary studies. A systematic analysis of the literature was conducted to determine the interdisciplinary landscape of spatial boundary research. Simultaneously, GIS-based spatial assessment was applied to evaluate territorial expansion, land-use transformation, and administrative boundary enlargement between 1991 and 2024.

The results reveal distinct phases of urban expansion characterized by peri-urban integration, asymmetric growth patterns influenced by topographic constraints, and increasing pressure on ecological systems. Bibliometric findings demonstrate that research on urban boundary dynamics is predominantly concentrated in environmental studies, regional urban planning, geography, and remote sensing. The study confirms the continuing importance of geographical analysis as a leading framework for understanding spatial restructuring processes in metropolitan environments. Prospective research directions include predictive spatial modeling and the integration of advanced geoinformation technologies to enhance sustainable urban planning strategies.

Innovative Methods for Developing Practice-Oriented Competencies of Learners Based on Local Geographic Toponyms

Savanchiyeva Armanay — 2026-02-09

This study investigates innovative pedagogical methods for developing practice-oriented competencies in learners through the integration of local geographic toponyms into educational practice. The research aims to explore how contextualized place names can serve as a basis for experiential learning activities that enhance analytical, spatial, and research skills among students. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including curriculum analysis, the design and implementation of instructional modules incorporating local toponyms, and assessment of learner outcomes through performance tasks and reflective evaluations. Findings indicate that embedding local geographic references into teaching significantly increases student engagement and motivation, strengthens spatial reasoning, and promotes the practical application of theoretical knowledge. The use of toponym-based tasks facilitated meaningful connections between the learning environment and real-world contexts, fostering interdisciplinary competencies across geography, culture, and community studies. The results suggest that innovative toponym-centered methods can effectively support the development of practice-oriented skills essential for contemporary education. This research contributes a scalable methodological framework for educators seeking to enhance competency-based learning using localized geographic resources.

Prospects for the development of water tourism based on hydraulic structures under conditions of sustainable development of Qonaev city

Akbota Beken — 2026-02-09

. The development of water tourism has become an increasingly important component of sustainable urban and regional development, particularly in cities possessing significant hydraulic infrastructure and water resources. Hydraulic structures such as reservoirs, dams, canals, and waterfront facilities can serve not only technical and economic functions, but also act as key drivers of recreational, tourism, and socio-economic development. This study examines the prospects for the development of water tourism in the city of Qonaev, focusing on the potential use of existing hydraulic structures within the framework of sustainable development.

The research adopts a geographical and analytical approach, drawing on spatial analysis, tourism statistics, urban development documents, and field observations. Descriptive and comparative methods are applied to assess the current state of water infrastructure, tourism resources, and environmental conditions in Qonaev. Particular attention is given to the multifunctional role of hydraulic structures in supporting recreational activities, improving accessibility to water spaces, and enhancing the city’s tourism attractiveness.

The findings indicate that Qonaev possesses significant potential for water tourism development due to its favorable geographical location, proximity to major water bodies, and existing hydraulic facilities. Hydraulic structures can support various forms of tourism, including recreational boating, ecotourism, sport fishing, and waterfront leisure activities. However, the results also reveal challenges related to environmental sustainability, infrastructure modernization, safety standards, and integrated urban planning.

This study contributes to the literature on sustainable tourism and urban water management by highlighting the role of hydraulic structures as strategic resources for tourism development. The findings emphasize the need for balanced planning strategies that integrate tourism growth with environmental protection, social inclusion, and long-term economic sustainability in the development of water tourism in Qonaev city

SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR PREPARING FUTURE GEOGRAPHY TEACHERS TO ORGANIZE EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

Zhanat Sdykova — 2026-02-09

The article reveals the scientific and methodological foundations for preparing future geography teachers to organize extracurricular activities in modern schools. Based on competence-based and activity-based approaches, the study clarifies the structure of professional readiness of pre-service geography teachers, including value-motivational, cognitive, methodological and reflective components (Hevko et al., 2020; Santos et al., 2019). Special attention is paid to extracurricular forms of geographical education—local-lore and tourist work, field trips, geography clubs, research projects, and community-oriented events—as key environments for developing pupils’ spatial thinking, environmental awareness, and civic responsibility (Honcharuk et al., 2021; The Ankur Education, 2017).

Methodologically, the article synthesizes best practices of problem-based learning, fieldwork pedagogy, and independent practice in geography. On this basis, a university training model is proposed in which students systematically learn to design, implement, and reflect on extracurricular activities (Saidirasilovna, 2025; GA, 2024, 2025). Empirical evidence on the impact of extracurricular engagement on pre-service teachers’ professional development is also analyzed. It is demonstrated that participation in clubs, projects, and field experiences significantly strengthens communication, leadership, classroom-management skills, and confidence in organizing geography-related events (Frontiers in Education, 2025).

The results substantiate the need to embed a structured system of extracurricular preparation into geography teacher-education curricula and offer methodological recommendations for universities and schools aimed at improving the quality of geography teaching through purposeful out-of-class activity.

ხელოვნური ინტელექტის გამოყენება გეოგრაფიის გაკვეთილზე გარემოსდაცვითი საკითხების სწავლებისას

მაია ბლიაძე — 2026-02-09

თანამედროვე საგანმანათლებლო რეალობაში ხელოვნური ინტელექტის (AI) ინტეგრაცია საგნობრივ სწავლებაში ერთ-ერთი მნიშვნელოვანი მიმართულებაა, რომელიც სწვალების ინოვაციურ მიდგომებსა და ახალი პედაგოგიური სტრატეგიების განვითარებას მოითხოვს. გეოგრაფიის სწავლება, როგორც სივრცითი და ანალიტიკური მეცნიერება, განსაკუთრებით ხელსაყრელია AI ტექნოლოგიების გამოყენებისთვის, რაც იძლევა საშუალებას მოსწავლეებმა რეალურ მონაცემებზე დაყრდნობით შეისწავლონ გარემოსდაცვითი პროცესები და გააანალიზონ გლობალური ცვლილებების ტენდენციები. მოცემული სტატია განიხილავს ხელოვნური ინტელექტის გამოყენების პოტენციალს გეოგრაფიის სწავლების პროცესში გარემოსდაცვითი საკითხების შესასწავლად, როგორც სწავლების ხარისხის ამაღლების, ისე გარემოსდაცვითი ცნობიერების გაღრმავების თვალსაზრისით.

ხელოვნური ინტელექტის ინტეგრაცია გეოგრაფიის სწავლების პროცესში ხელს უწყობს მდგრადი განვითარების მიზნების მიღწევას. გარდა ხარისხიანი განათლებისა (მიზანი 4) და კლიმატის ცვლილებასთან ბრძოლისა (მიზანი 13), აღნიშნული მიდგომა უკავშირდება მიზანს 6 – სუფთა წყალი და სანიტარია, რადგან მოსწავლეები AI-ის მეშვეობით სწავლობენ წყლის რესურსების დაცვისა და მდგრადი გამოყენების მნიშვნელობას, და მიზანს 12 – პასუხისმგებელი მოხმარება და წარმოება, რომელიც აისახება რესურსების ეფექტიან გამოყენების, ნარჩენების შემცირებისა და ეკოლოგიურად სუფთა ცხოვრების წესის გააზრებაში. ამგვარად, AI გეოგრაფიის გაკვეთილზე ხდება არა მხოლოდ ტექნოლოგიური ინოვაცია, არამედ ინსტრუმენტი მდგრადი განვითარების პრინციპების პრაქტიკული სწავლებისთვის.

აბსტრაქტულ-ფიგურატიული მეტარეალიზმის დეკლარაცია: სახვითი ხელოვნების თანამედროვე მიმდინარეობის შემდგომი კვლევა და ანალიზი

გაიანე მანასიანი — 2026-02-09

The present article consolidates and expands my prior research, analysis, and findings related to the formulation of Abstract-Figurative Metarealism — a contemporary fine art movement. Although the concept of metarealism had previously appeared in philosophical and cultural theory, it had not been scientifically defined as a distinct fine art movement. After publishing my first scientific publication on Abstract-Figurative Metarealism in 2024, followed by a second one in 2025, the given 2026 study further examines the movement’s conceptual foundations through theoretical inquiry, comparative analysis with realism, surrealism, magic realism, abstraction, and reflection on artistic practice. Abstract-Figurative Metarealism is defined as an approach that does not negate reality but reveals its multilayered structure by integrating rational and irrational perception, abstraction and figuration, and the unconscious, preconscious, conscious, and — most importantly — superconscious levels of experience. The article suggests that this art movement represents a distinct mode of artistic thinking and intuitive insight rather than a stylistic hybrid. Abstract-Figurative Metarealism positions art as a form of research and knowledge production. By consolidating theoretical discourse and artistic methodology, the study situates Abstract-Figurative Metarealism within contemporary art as an evolving and independent fine art movement.

ҚАЗІРГІ ЗАМАНҒЫ ҚОҒАМДАҒЫ ДЕМОКРАТИЯЛЫҚ ҚҰНДЫЛЫҚТАРДЫҢ РӨЛІ

Сулейменов Асан Муханбетович — 2026-02-09

Мақалада демократиялық қоғамдағы сана еркіндігі ұғымы философиялық және әлеуметтік-теориялық тұрғыда талданып, оның қоғамдық тұрақтылықты қамтамасыз етудегі рөлі ашылады. Автор Қазақстандағы демократиялық үдерістердің қалыптасу ерекшеліктерін, жергілікті өкілді органдардың әлеуметтік құрамын және қоғамдық сананың даму деңгейін сараптайды. Сондай-ақ шетелдік демократиялық даму үлгілеріне салыстырмалы талдау жасалып, демократиялық институттарды жетілдіруге бағытталған нақты ұсыныстар ұсынылады. Мақала демократиялық реформаларды ұлттық менталитет пен саяси мәдениет ерекшеліктерін ескере отырып жүзеге асыру қажеттігін негіздейді.

THE BALKAN REGION AS A GEOPOLITICAL SPACE

Toğrul Ali Teyyub — 2026-02-09

This article presents an analysis of the Balkan region as a geopolitical space. The study aims to examine the historical, geographical, political, and economic characteristics of the region, as well as the interests of international actors. The Balkan Peninsula, located in southeastern Europe and bordered by the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Adriatic Sea, occupies a strategic position at the crossroads of major transit corridors. This location makes the region a focal point for both transportation and energy routes connecting Europe with Asia and the Middle East, as well as a site of competition among major powers. The article analyzes the geopolitical features of the Balkans, including its ethnic and religious diversity, energy and economic potential, and the challenges the region faces. Global and regional actors such as the European Union, NATO, Russia, Turkey, and China seek to advance their interests in the Balkans, increasing its strategic importance. At the same time, ethnic tensions, political fragmentation, and security risks remain key factors affecting regional stability. Both classical geopolitical theories (Mackinder, Spykman, Mahan) and contemporary approaches are addressed in the study. The future prospects of the Balkans are linked to regional cooperation, the development of energy projects, and political and economic reforms. The article is relevant not only for academic research but also for practical decision-making in international politics and security. In conclusion, the Balkan region remains a geopolitical space at the intersection of challenges and opportunities, and its analysis is essential for understanding both regional and global politics.

ОСТРЫЙ ИНФАРКТ МИОКАРДА У ПАЦИЕНТА МОЛОДОГО ВОЗРАСТА: ОБЗОР КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО СЛУЧАЯ

Рысқұлова Нұрай Нұржанқызы — 2026-02-09

В данной исследовательской статье рассматривается острый вопрос инфаркта миокарда, который по-прежнему занимает одно из ведущих мест в структуре глобальной смертности. В то время как заболевание чаще регистрируется у пациентов пожилого возраста, в последние годы усиливается клинический и научный интерес к инфаркту миокарда у лиц моложе 45 лет как к значимой причине заболеваемости и летальных исходов. Особую важность приобретает изучение специфических этиологических факторов, характерных для данной возрастной категории. В этой работе анализируется роль в развитии инфаркта миокарда у молодых пациентов играют традиционные сердечно-сосудистые факторы риска, включая гиперлипидемию, табакокурение, мужской пол, артериальную гипертензию, ожирение и неблагоприятный семейный анамнез по ранним сердечно-сосудистым заболеваниям. В этой связи возрастает значение усиления мер первичной и вторичной профилактики среди молодого населения с учётом различий в профиле факторов риска и прогностических особенностей по сравнению со старшими возрастными группами. Помимо этого, инфаркт миокарда в молодом возрасте сопровождается значительными социально-экономическими последствиями, связанными с утратой трудоспособности и ухудшением качества жизни

THE SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE ON FAMILY MEDICINE AS A CORNERSTONE OF INTEGRATED PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: FEATURES, SCOPE, CHALLENGES, EXPANDED ROLES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY WORLDWIDE

Nodar Sulashvili — 2026-02-09

The evolving landscape of healthcare in the twenty-first century underscores the critical importance of family medicine as a foundational pillar of integrated primary health care systems. As global populations confront unprecedented demographic, epidemiological, and sociocultural shifts, the role of family medicine has expanded beyond the traditional confines of episodic care to encompass comprehensive, continuous, and patient-centered services that bridge preventive, curative, and rehabilitative domains. This scientific discourse seeks to critically examine the scope, challenges, and expanded roles of family medicine while elucidating the strategic directions necessary to enhance its contribution to global health outcomes. Recognizing family medicine as a central component of resilient health systems, this analysis situates the specialty within the broader framework of primary health care reform, emphasizing its capacity to address complex, multifactorial health demands and to mitigate disparities in access, quality, and equity of care across diverse populations and sociopolitical contexts. Family medicine’s conceptual foundations rest upon principles of continuity, comprehensiveness, coordination, and holistic patient engagement, which collectively position it as a linchpin in achieving the triple aim of health care: improving population health, enhancing patient experience, and optimizing system efficiency. By integrating evidence-based clinical practice with population-level interventions, family medicine practitioners serve not only as first-contact providers but also as facilitators of interprofessional collaboration, health promotion, and community-based preventive strategies, thereby aligning individual patient care with the objectives of public health and social determinants of health frameworks. The scope of family medicine in contemporary health systems has broadened considerably in response to the rising prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases, multimorbidity, aging populations, and the persistent burden of communicable diseases in certain regions. In this context, family medicine operates at the intersection of clinical care, health system management, and community engagement, necessitating competencies that extend beyond traditional diagnostic and therapeutic skills to include health policy literacy, quality improvement methodologies, and leadership in interdisciplinary teams. The expanded roles of family physicians increasingly encompass population health surveillance, integration of digital health technologies, chronic disease management, mental health care, and the coordination of complex care pathways for patients with multiple comorbidities. These developments reinforce the argument that family medicine is not a peripheral or supplementary specialty but rather a central domain capable of shaping health system resilience, optimizing resource allocation, and ensuring equitable access to essential services. Furthermore, the discipline’s commitment to lifelong patient relationships facilitates longitudinal data collection, early identification of risk factors, and the implementation of preventive interventions that collectively reduce the burden on secondary and tertiary care systems, yielding measurable improvements in health outcomes at both individual and population levels. Despite its centrality to integrated primary health care, family medicine faces a constellation of systemic, structural, and professional challenges that threaten its effectiveness and sustainability. Workforce shortages, uneven distribution of practitioners, limited access to continuing professional development, and variable recognition within national health policies constrain the ability of family medicine to fulfill its potential. Moreover, the increasing complexity of healthcare delivery, characterized by rapid technological advances, rising patient expectations, and the proliferation of specialized services, necessitates that family physicians adapt to new modes of care while maintaining the continuity and relational aspects that define the specialty. Financial and policy frameworks in many countries continue to undervalue primary care services, resulting in inadequate remuneration, insufficient support for practice infrastructure, and a persistent misalignment between the perceived prestige of specialties and the strategic priorities of health systems. These challenges are compounded in low- and middle-income countries, where resource limitations, fragmented service delivery, and sociocultural barriers impede the full realization of family medicine’s integrated role. Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted strategy that encompasses educational reform, policy advocacy, interprofessional collaboration, and investment in primary care infrastructure, all aimed at reinforcing the specialty’s capacity to deliver high-quality, accessible, and equitable care. In parallel, the twenty-first century presents unprecedented opportunities for the evolution and enhancement of family medicine. Advances in health informatics, telemedicine, genomics, and precision medicine have opened new avenues for personalized, data-driven care within primary care settings, enabling family physicians to predict, prevent, and manage disease with greater accuracy and efficiency. Global health initiatives and international frameworks, including the World Health Organization’s declaration on universal health coverage, underscore the strategic importance of strengthening primary care systems with family medicine at the center. These developments invite a reconceptualization of the family physician’s role, positioning the specialty as a proactive agent of system transformation, capable of harmonizing individual care with community health priorities, advocating for health equity, and contributing to sustainable health policy design. The integration of family medicine into national and regional health strategies can facilitate the alignment of care delivery with broader socioeconomic objectives, promote resilience in the face of emerging health threats, and enhance the responsiveness of health systems to dynamic population needs. The discourse on family medicine’s expanded role also intersects with contemporary debates on health professional education, workforce development, and intersectoral collaboration. Preparing physicians to operate effectively within complex primary care environments requires curricular innovation, experiential learning in community settings, and the cultivation of competencies in leadership, communication, and systems thinking. Additionally, fostering a research-oriented culture within family medicine can generate evidence to guide practice, inform policy, and strengthen the specialty’s legitimacy within the broader medical profession. Global exchanges, collaborative networks, and knowledge-sharing platforms can accelerate the dissemination of best practices, enhance standardization of care, and support the continuous evolution of family medicine in alignment with emerging health challenges. The family medicine constitutes a critical cornerstone of integrated primary health care, with a scope that encompasses direct clinical care, preventive interventions, population health initiatives, and system-level leadership. Its expanded roles in the twenty-first century reflect both the growing complexity of health systems and the increasing demand for equitable, continuous, and patient-centered care. While challenges persist, including workforce constraints, policy limitations, and resource disparities, strategic investments in education, infrastructure, technology, and policy support can enable family medicine to fulfill its potential as a global driver of health system resilience and population well-being. This scientific discourse emphasizes that recognizing, supporting, and continuously evolving the role of family medicine is essential not only for optimizing patient outcomes but also for advancing global health equity and sustainability in the twenty-first century.

THE KEY ASPECTS OF ADVANCING INTEGRATED PRIMARY HEALTH CARE THROUGH FAMILY MEDICINE: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, COMPREHENSIVE TRENDS AND LONG-TERM OUTLOOKS IN GENERAL

Nodar Sulashvili — 2026-02-09

Integrated primary health care has increasingly been recognized as a foundational strategy for improving population health outcomes, enhancing equity, and strengthening health system efficiency worldwide. Within this context, family medicine occupies a pivotal and irreplaceable role, functioning as the central clinical and organizational pillar through which integrated, person-centered, and continuous care is delivered. This article provides a comprehensive academic analysis of the key aspects involved in advancing integrated primary health care through family medicine, with particular emphasis on conceptual frameworks, policy implications, global trends, and long-term outlooks. By synthesizing theoretical perspectives, empirical evidence, and comparative international experiences, the study elucidates the multidimensional contributions of family medicine to contemporary health systems and highlights its strategic relevance in addressing complex and evolving health challenges. From a conceptual standpoint, family medicine is grounded in core principles that align intrinsically with integrated primary health care, including continuity, comprehensiveness, coordination, and patient-centeredness. These principles provide a robust theoretical foundation for understanding how family medicine bridges preventive, curative, rehabilitative, and palliative services across the life course. The article examines how these conceptual frameworks have evolved in response to demographic transitions, epidemiological shifts toward chronic and multimorbid conditions, and the growing recognition of social and environmental determinants of health. Family medicine is positioned not merely as a clinical specialty but as a systemic integrator that connects individuals, families, communities, and health systems, enabling holistic and context-sensitive care delivery. Policy implications constitute a central focus of the analysis, as the effectiveness and sustainability of family medicine are closely linked to governance, financing, and regulatory environments. Evidence consistently demonstrates that health systems prioritizing strong primary care infrastructures anchored in family medicine achieve superior outcomes in terms of access, quality, cost-effectiveness, and equity. The article explores policy mechanisms that support the advancement of integrated primary health care, including workforce planning, education and training frameworks, payment models incentivizing longitudinal and preventive care, and governance structures that embed family physicians in decision-making processes. Conversely, policy fragmentation, underinvestment in primary care, and misaligned incentives are identified as persistent barriers that constrain the full potential of family medicine, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. Global trends further underscore the expanding scope and strategic importance of family medicine. Across diverse regions, family physicians are increasingly engaged in chronic disease management, mental health care, preventive services, community-based interventions, and public health initiatives. The integration of digital health technologies, such as telemedicine, electronic health records, and decision-support systems, has enhanced access, continuity, and care coordination, especially in underserved and remote populations. At the same time, the article critically examines challenges associated with technological integration, including digital inequities, data privacy concerns, and the need to preserve the relational and humanistic dimensions of care that define family medicine. Comparative global experiences illustrate both convergence around core principles and contextual variation in implementation, reflecting differences in resources, culture, and health system organization. The long-term outlook for advancing integrated primary health care through family medicine is shaped by emerging demographic, epidemiological, technological, and environmental pressures. Aging populations, rising multimorbidity, health workforce shortages, and increasing system complexity necessitate adaptive, resilient, and patient-centered care models. Family medicine is uniquely positioned to respond to these demands by fostering continuity, strengthening care coordination, addressing social determinants of health, and enhancing system resilience during public health emergencies and crises. The article emphasizes the importance of sustained investment in education, research, and professional development to ensure that family physicians are equipped with the competencies required for leadership, innovation, and evidence-based practice in evolving health system contexts. The advancing integrated primary health care through family medicine represents both a strategic necessity and an ethical imperative for modern health systems. By aligning conceptual foundations with supportive policy frameworks, responding to global trends, and anticipating long-term challenges, family medicine can continue to serve as a cornerstone of accessible, equitable, and high-quality health care. This analysis provides a comprehensive academic foundation for policymakers, educators, and health professionals seeking to strengthen integrated primary health care and underscores the enduring relevance of family medicine in achieving sustainable health outcomes globally.

RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE IN CHILDREN

Terebaev B.A. — 2026-02-09

Relevance. Surgical correction of Hirschsprung’s disease in children is one of the most complex and relevant problems in pediatric surgery. Significant progress in addressing this condition has been achieved over recent decades due to the introduction of high-technology surgical treatment methods. However, despite improvements in many operative techniques and approaches, the rate of unsatisfactory functional outcomes in the long-term postoperative period remains as high as approximately 30% among all operated patients.

Aim. To improve and implement minimally invasive surgical methods for the treatment of rectal and rectosigmoid forms of Hirschsprung’s disease in children.

Materials and Methods. From 2017 to 2025, 95 preschool-aged children with rectal and rectosigmoid forms of Hirschsprung’s disease were treated as inpatients at the Pediatric Surgery Clinic of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute. The patients were divided into two comparative groups. The first (control) group included 29 patients (30.5%) who underwent traditional open surgical procedures. The second (main) group consisted of 66 patients (69.5%) who underwent video-assisted transanal endorectal Swenson-like procedures with resection of the aganglionic segment.

Results and Discussion. A comparative analysis of surgical interventions for rectal and rectosigmoid forms of Hirschsprung’s disease was performed based on a differentiated approach to the selection of corrective methods and techniques. Traditional open surgical procedures were carried out using the Soave–Lyonushkin method in 17 patients (17.9%) and the O. Swenson method in 12 cases (12.6%). The rationale for choosing these open techniques was that, in preschool-aged children with rectal and rectosigmoid forms of Hirschsprung’s disease, submucosal dissection can be performed relatively easily even in the presence of a long aganglionic segment of the colon.

Minimally invasive video-assisted transanal endorectal procedures with resection of the aganglionic segment of the colon for rectal and rectosigmoid forms of Hirschsprung’s disease were performed using the Swenson-like method in 18 patients (18.9%) and the De La Torre–Mondragón technique in 48 patients (50.5%).

Conclusion. The conducted studies clearly demonstrate that in the treatment of rectal and rectosigmoid forms of Hirschsprung’s disease in children, preference should be given to minimally invasive transanal endorectal pull-through techniques, as they are less traumatic, more tissue-sparing, and more effective in terms of radicality and physiological appropriateness of the intervention. Traditional extensive open surgical procedures are characterized by greater technical complexity, insufficient functional outcomes, and comparatively poorer immediate and long-term results, often necessitating repeated surgical corrections and prolonged rehabilitation measures.

TACTICS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE IN YOUNG CHILDREN

Terebaev B.A. — 2026-02-09

INTRODUCTION. Hirschsprung’s disease is one of the most common congenital disorders of the colon in children and requires mandatory surgical treatment. Despite significant progress in pediatric surgery, the problem of choosing the optimal surgical strategy and method of operative intervention remains relevant. The incidence of postoperative complications and functional disorders necessitates further improvement of surgical approaches.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included 41 patients with rectal and rectosigmoid forms of Hirschsprung’s disease who were treated at the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Multidisciplinary Children’s Clinic of Tashkent State Medical University during the period from 2020 to 2025. All children underwent transanal endorectal proctoplasty according to the De La Torre–Mondragón technique with resection of the aganglionic segment. Diagnosis was based on the analysis of complaints, medical history, clinical findings, and the results of radiographic, ultrasonographic, and laboratory investigations.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Surgical intervention was predominantly performed in young children, which is associated with more favorable anatomical and functional conditions for transanal demucosation. In most cases, good and satisfactory functional outcomes were observed. The early postoperative period proceeded without severe complications. In the long-term follow-up, anastomotic stenosis was detected in 3 patients and was successfully managed using conservative methods.

CONCLUSION. Transanal endorectal proctoplasty according to the De La Torre–Mondragón method is an effective and safe surgical technique for the treatment of distal forms of Hirschsprung’s disease in children. This method reduces surgical trauma, accelerates rehabilitation, and improves functional outcomes, making it a preferred option in clinical practice.

TRANSANAL ENDIRECTAL SURGERY FOR HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE IN YOUNG CHILDREN

Terebaev B.A. — 2026-02-09

The results of surgical treatment of 41 children with rectal and rectosigmoid forms of Hirschsprung’s disease aged from 3 months to 18 years, who were hospitalized at the clinic of Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute during the period from 2020 to 2025, were analyzed. The conducted studies allowed us to conclude that in the treatment of rectal and rectosigmoid forms of Hirschsprung’s disease in young children, preference should be given to transanal endorectal pull-through procedures according to the De La Torre–Mondragón method with resection of the aganglionic segment of the colon, as this technique is less traumatic, tissue-sparing, and the most effective in terms of radicality and physiological appropriateness of the intervention.

ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT IN ELDERLY PATIENTS: CLINICAL FEATURES, RISKS, AND OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES

Shishabay Kuanysh Ganiuly — 2026-02-09

Background: Population aging has led to a growing number of elderly patients requiring anesthesia for surgical procedures. Age-related physiological changes, comorbidities, and altered pharmacological responses increase perioperative risks and complicate anesthetic management in this population.

Objective: This review aims to analyze current evidence on anesthetic management in elderly patients, focusing on clinical features, perioperative risks, and strategies for optimizing anesthetic care to improve safety and outcomes.

Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Publications from 2005 to 2025 addressing anesthetic management, perioperative risks, and optimization strategies in patients aged 65 years and older were analyzed and synthesized qualitatively.

Results: Elderly patients exhibit significant cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, hepatic, and neurological changes that influence anesthetic risk. Altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics necessitate dose adjustment and individualized drug selection. Common complications include hemodynamic instability, respiratory depression, postoperative delirium, and cognitive dysfunction. Evidence supports the use of comprehensive preoperative assessment, multimodal and opioid-sparing anesthesia, careful intraoperative monitoring, and structured postoperative care to reduce complications and enhance recovery.

Conclusion: An individualized, physiology-based approach to anesthetic management is essential for improving perioperative safety and outcomes in elderly patients. Optimized anesthetic strategies tailored to aging-related vulnerabilities can reduce complications and support functional recovery.

Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Transplantation: From Predictive Analytics to Precision Graft Management

Elmira Sadullayeva — 2026-02-09

The field of solid organ transplantation is currently navigating a pivotal transition from standardized, population-based clinical protocols to a highly individualized paradigm defined by precision medicine and computational intelligence. This report provides an exhaustive analysis of the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) across the transplant continuum — from the optimization of organ allocation and real-time graft viability assessment to personalized immunosuppressive dosing and non-invasive monitoring. Evidence from major clinical registries in the United States and Europe, including the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), Eurotransplant, and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT), demonstrates that advanced ML architectures such as Random Survival Forests (RSF), Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM), and Deep Neural Networks (DNN) consistently surpass traditional scoring systems like the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) in predictive accuracy for both waitlist mortality and long-term graft survival.¹ Furthermore, the emergence of normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) integrated with AI-driven metabolic profiling and mitochondrial injury markers, specifically Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN), offers a sophisticated mechanism to rehabilitate and utilize extended criteria organs, thereby addressing the critical global organ shortage.⁵ The report also examines the clinical implementation of automated dosing systems for tacrolimus, which have shown superior performance compared to clinician-guided adjustments in randomized trials.⁸ Finally, the analysis addresses the essential role of explainable AI (XAI) frameworks, such as SHAP and LIME, in ensuring algorithmic transparency, and contrasts the evolving regulatory landscapes of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union AI Act.⁹ This synthesis underscores the potential for AI to enhance graft patency, reduce procedural futility, and promote equitable access to life-saving interventions.

REHABILITATION OF CANCER PATIENTS: CONTEMPORARY CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES TO PROBLEM SOLVING

Arman Khozhayev — 2026-02-09

This scientific and analytical publication describes modern directions of rehabilitation of cancer patients with various localization of the tumor process. The currently available methods of rehabilitation treatment and scientific directions that require further research to improve the quality of life of this contingent of patients are described. The use of a comprehensive program of medical rehabilitation in cancer patients will restore their vital conditions as much as possible and will optimize the processes of physical, psychological and social adaptation of these patients, which is the main task of oncology and rehabilitation today

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СЛЕДА И ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ ЭНЕРГОЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ ПИЛОТНОЙ ЛИНИИ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА БИОРАЗЛАГАЕМОЙ УПАКОВКИ ИЗ АГРООТХОДОВ КАЗАХСТАНА

Баранбаева Жұлдыз Хамидоллақызы — 2026-02-09

Внедрение технологий глубокой переработки агроотходов в биоразлагаемые материалы требует комплексной оценки экологической эффективности и инженерно-технической реализации. Целью исследования являлась разработка методики оценки жизненного цикла (LCA) для локализованных условий Казахстана и проектирование модульного прототипа пилотной производственной линии для отработки технологии. На основе методологии ISO 14040:2006 создана математическая модель для расчета углеродного следа (Carbon Footprint) с использованием локализованных данных по выбросам при сельхозпроизводстве, транспортировке и энергогенерации в РК. Расчёты показали, что чистая экономия выбросов CO₂-экв. при замещении 1 тонны полипропилена упаковкой из агрокомпозита составляет от 2.1 до 3.4 тонн, в зависимости от сценария утилизации агроотходов. Спроектирован модульный прототип линии, включающий блок подготовки сырья, двухшнековый экструдер с зоной дегазации, гранулятор, термопластавтомат и участок финишной обработки. Ключевым инженерным решением стала рекуперативная система утилизации тепла от экструдера и системы охлаждения для предварительного подогрева сырья и отопления помещения, что позволило снизить прогнозируемое энергопотребление на 18-22%. Разработана принципиальная схема линии и 3D-модель компоновки. Результаты формируют основу для двух ключевых результатов научно-технической программы: 1) создание верифицированного расчетного модуля экологического следа для поддержки принятия решений и сертификации; 2) готовый к тиражированию проект энергоэффективной пилотной линии для апробации технологии и выпуска опытных партий, что соответствует задачам импортозамещения и формирования «зелёной» промышленности в Республике Казахстан

НАУЧНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СЫРЬЕВОЙ БАЗЫ АГРООТХОДОВ КАЗАХСТАНА ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА БИОРАЗЛАГАЕМЫХ КОМПОЗИТОВ

Тулегенова Зарина Толеубековна — 2026-02-09

В контексте реализации стратегических документов Республики Казахстан, включая Национальный план развития до 2029 года и Концепцию перехода к «зелёной экономике», актуализируется проблема рационального использования агроотходов. Целью исследования являлся комплексный анализ состава, вариабельности и технологической пригодности ключевых видов агроотходов Казахстана (лузги злаковых, соломы зерновых, крахмалосодержащего сырья) для формирования научно обоснованной сырьевой базы производства биоразлагаемых композиционных материалов. Методами химического анализа (определение содержания целлюлозы, лигнина, гемицеллюлозы, золы, влаги по стандартным методикам), сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ) и термического анализа (ТГА, ДСК) охарактеризованы 12 образцов сырья из различных агроклиматических зон. Впервые установлены количественные диапазоны вариативности ключевых параметров: содержание целлюлозы в соломе мягкой пшеницы колебалось от 35.8 до 42.3%, лигнина - от 14.2 до 19.1%, зольности - от 3.8 до 7.5% в зависимости от региона возделывания и сортовой принадлежности. Выявлена сильная отрицательная корреляция между содержанием лигнина и равновесной влажностью материала (r = -0.87). На основе многомерного регрессионного анализа предложен интегральный показатель - индекс технологической пригодности (ИТП), описываемый уравнением: ИТП = 0.45·X₁ + 0.30·X₂ - 0.15·X₃ - 0.10·X₄, где X₁ - содержание целлюлозы (%), X₂ - лигнина (%), X₃ - золы (%), X₄ - влажности (%). Установлено, что лузга риса, произведённая в Кызылординской области, демонстрирует наивысший ИТП (82.4) благодаря оптимальному сочетанию высокого содержания лигнина (17.8±0.6%) и минимальной зольности (1.8±0.2%). Полученные результаты формируют фундамент для создания цифровой базы данных сырья с паспортами качества, что является критически важным этапом для разработки стабильных рецептур биокомпозитов и последующей организации импортозамещающего производства биоразлагаемой упаковки в Республике Казахстан

РАЗРАБОТКА И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ КОММЕРЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРЕПАРАТА «АНТИМОСКИТ» НА ОСНОВЕ BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSIS ДЛЯ БОРЬБЫ С КРОВОСОСУЩИМИ НАСЕКОМЫМИ

Балапанов Жалгас — 2026-02-09

Рост численности популяций кровососущих двукрылых насекомых (гнуса), включая комаров и мошек, представляет собой значительную санитарно-эпидемиологическую и социально-экономическую проблему в Казахстане и других регионах со схожими климатическими условиями. Эти насекомые являются переносчиками опасных заболеваний, таких как малярия, филяриоз, лихорадка Западного Нила, а также причиняют серьезный дискомфорт населению и снижают продуктивность сельскохозяйственных животных [1, 4]. Традиционные химические инсектициды, ввиду развития резистентности у насекомых, высокой токсичности для окружающей среды и накопления в экосистемах, перестают быть эффективным и безопасным решением [4]. Особую сложность представляет обработка водоёмов, где применение химических средств запрещено.

В этом контексте разработка и внедрение экологически безопасных биологических препаратов приобретает стратегическое значение. Мировым стандартом биологической борьбы с личинками комаров и мошек являются препараты на основе бактерии Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), действие которых основано на белковых эндотоксинах, избирательно поражающих пищеварительную систему личинок двукрылых [2, 5, 9]. Актуальность настоящего исследования обусловлена острой необходимостью создания собственного, доступного и эффективного отечественного биопрепарата для Казахстана, что позволит снизить зависимость от импорта, обеспечить стабильные поставки и существенно удешевить профилактические мероприятия

Adolescents’ self-identity and self-concept: psychological bases of the problem

Guliyeva Gulnar Rasim — 2026-02-09

Self-concept plays a vital role in a person's life. It contributes to defining self-identity and successful adaptation, forms and maintains a person's value structure, and ensures personal integrity and the stability of external behavioral manifestations. Furthermore, self-concept can determine a person's direction and is the source of self-esteem and aspirations, which, combined with real achievements, influence motivation and self-satisfaction. Self-concept also encompasses those personal qualities that support the establishment of identity, its manifestation and self-development, and self-realization in the profession, determining one's attitude toward academic activities and interactions with the professional and social environment.

PECS - picture exchange communication system with autism spectrum disorders

Nargiz Firdovsi Sultan — 2026-02-09

Picture exchange communication system (PECS), based on the principles of applied behavior analysis and based on normal language and communication development stages, it is an alternative illustrated communication system developed for individuals with ASD (Bondy & Frost, 2001; Charlop-Christy, Carpenter, Le, LeBlanc, & Kenneth, 2002; Kırcaali-İftar, 2007). PECS is used to teach individuals to communicate in a social context. Initially, using PECS, individuals are taught to give a picture (picture card) to a communication partner to retrieve the desired object (Wong, 2013b). Thus, individuals are enabled to initiate communication to achieve a goal. Studies carried out that PECS leads to an increase in imitation, communication and speaking skills and a decrease in problem behaviors (Bondy and Frost, 2001; Charlop-Christy et al., 2002). The PECS teaching process begins with teaching how to communicate using picture cards.

THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL FACTORS IN YOUTH ADAPTATION TO SOCIETY

Memmedova Fatime Zaur — 2026-02-09

Sosial adaptasiya gənclərin cəmiyyətin norma və dəyərlərini qavraması, mənimsəməsi və davranışlarında tətbiq etməsi ilə xarakterizə olunur. Araşdırma zamanı koqnitiv psixologiyanın əsas nümayəndələrinin yanaşmalarına istinad edilərək göstərilir ki, gənclərin sosial mühiti dərk etməsi koqnitiv sxemlər, freymlər, anlama, qarama, təxəyyül, təfəkkür və yaddaş mexanizmləri vasitəsilə həyata keçirilir və bu proses onların cəmiyyətə adaptasiya səviyyəsinə birbaşa təsir göstərir.

Emosional faktorlar emosional sabitlik, özünüdərk, empatiya və emosional intellekt gənclərin sosial mühitdə davranışlarını tənzimləyən əsas psixoloji mexanizmlərdən biridir. Emosional sabitlik sosial gərginlik və stress şəraitində adekvat reaksiya verməyə, impulsların nəzarətdə saxlanılmasına imkan yaradır, özünüdərk isə gəncin sosial rolları və davranış strategiyalarını real şəkildə qiymətləndirməsini təmin edir. Empatiya və emosional intellekt sosial qarşılıqlı münasibətlərin effektiv qurulmasında, emosiyaların düzgün tanınması və idarə olunmasında mühüm rol oynayaraq gənclərin sosial münasibətlərdə çevik və konstruktiv iştirakına şərait yaradır.

Koqnitiv və emosional mexanizmlərin qarşılıqlı fəaliyyəti gənclərin sosial informasiyanı qavramasını, mənalandırmasını və ona uyğun davranış reaksiyalarının formalaşmasını təmin edir. Koqnitiv proseslər sosial reallığın dərk edilməsinə xidmət etdiyi halda, emosional mexanizmlər bu reallığa münasibəti və davranışın tənzimlənməsini həyata keçirir. Gənclərin cəmiyyətə uğurlu uyğunlaşması koqnitiv və emosional faktorların balanslı inkişafı ilə şərtlənən, sosial adaptasiya və psixoloji rifahı təmin edən kompleks psixoloji proses kimi qiymətləndirilir.

THE ROLE AND BENEFITS OF LEARNING DIFFERENT SECOND FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN TOURISM CAREERS

BATENOVA Iryna — 2026-02-09

This article examines the pivotal role of multilingualism in shaping tourism careers and highlights the benefits of learning different second foreign languages. It argues that language proficiency is not only a personal asset but also a strategic necessity in a globalized tourism industry. The study emphasizes how multilingual skills enhance employability, service quality, cultural competence, and international mobility across diverse sectors such as hospitality, travel agencies, tour guiding, and event management

EMPLOYER BRAND AND COMPANY COMPETITIVENESS

Elsevar Khalilov — 2026-02-09

In the modern business environment, the success of companies is not only measured by the quality of products and services; their employer brand and competitiveness also play an important role. This study analyzed the interaction between employer brand and company competitiveness. The main criteria used to assess the employer brand were the attractiveness of the company for employees, the prestige of the workplace, the ability to attract qualified personnel, and the level of recommendation from others. The competitiveness of the company was assessed based on the stability of its market position, the level of sustainable development, the quality of products and services, and the quality of human resources. The results of the study showed that the company has a high level in terms of both employer brand and competitiveness, and there is a positive interaction between these two indicators. At the same time, strengthening the leadership brand increases the attractiveness of the employer brand, which directly affects the company's market competitiveness. These results emphasize the importance of developing strategies to form an employer brand and increase competitive advantages.

“Left on Read”: Cyber Incivility and Emotional Exhaustion in Hybrid IT Workplaces in Kazakhstan

Malik A. — 2026-02-09

Workplace incivility low-intensity, ambiguous disrespect has become increasingly common in hybrid and digital work settings, yet its manifestation in post-Soviet, multilingual, high power-distance contexts such as Kazakhstan remains underexplored. This study examines how employees in Almaty’s IT and digital organizations experience offline and cyber incivility, how these behaviors relate to emotional exhaustion and work attitudes, and which relational and cultural factors shape their impact. Using a qualitative interpretivist approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen IT professionals working in hybrid formats. Thematic analysis showed that incivility is often subtle, stress-driven, and embedded in everyday digital communication. Cyber incivility such as selective ignoring, abrupt tone, unclear task assignments, and minimal responses was perceived as especially harmful due to heightened ambiguity and lack of contextual cues. In line with Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, repeated exposure to incivility contributed to emotional depletion, reduced motivation, and withdrawal from collaboration. Supervisor trust and forgiving team climates emerged as key buffers, while hierarchical norms and multilingual tone variation intensified sensitivity to disrespectful or unclear communication. The study extends organizational behavior research by highlighting digital ambiguity as a distinct mechanism of resource loss and offers practical recommendations for improving respectful communication in hybrid workplaces

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MODERN PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS IN SOCIAL MEDIA MANAGEMENT

Olga Goloven — 2026-02-09

In recent years, social media management has transformed from a primarily creative activity into a complex operational system requiring structured coordination, speed, and accountability. The growth of multi-platform strategies, increasing content volume, and rising expectations for measurable performance have made project management tools an essential component of digital marketing workflows. This article examines the effectiveness of modern project management solutions in the context of social media management, with particular attention to their practical application across major social platforms. The study analyzes how contemporary tools support planning, production, approval, and performance optimization processes, identifies their advantages and limitations, and evaluates their real-world effectiveness under platform-specific constraints. Based on professional experience and industry analysis, the paper outlines which approaches currently deliver the highest operational value and defines future directions for project management systems in social media marketing

STRATEGIC MODELS FOR COMMERCIALIZING INNOVATIVE LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC METHODS

Makanova Ilona Olegovna — 2026-02-09

This article presents a strategic model for commercializing new laboratory diagnostic methods, using niche methods for assessing mitochondrial function as an example. Based on an analysis of successful cases (Mitome, Jinfiniti, My NAD Test) and regulatory practices (FDA, IVDR), the critically important stages of the transition from a scientific prototype to a marketable product were detailed, namely, clinical validation, intellectual property protection, regulatory registration, and insurance coverage. It was also found that the key factor for market success is not technological superiority, but the comprehensive synchronization of the scientific, legal, and economic components of the project. This model can serve as a practical guide for researchers and entrepreneurs in the field of biomedicine

ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЙ АГЕНТНЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС ДЛЯ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОГО ФИНАНСОВОГО КОНСУЛЬТИРОВАНИЯ И ФИНАНСОВОГО ОЗДОРОВЛЕНИЯ

Искендір Н.К. — 2026-02-09

В последние годы искусственный интеллект (ИИ) превратился из экспериментального направления в инфраструктурную технологию: рост производительности вычислительных платформ и доступность инструментов анализа данных сделали возможным массовое внедрение машинного обучения в прикладные цифровые сервисы [1]. Финансовый сектор относится к числу наиболее ориентированных на данных отраслей, где ИИ применяется для повышения качества скоринга, прогнозирования рисков и персонализации клиентских продуктов. Параллельно развивается финтех-рынок, формируются цифровые экосистемы и платформенные модели, меняющие способы взаимодействия банков и клиентов [3–5].

Однако активное использование ИИ в финансах сопровождается вызовами: необходимостью управления рисками моделей, обеспечением качества и репрезентативности данных, защитой персональной информации и соблюдением регуляторных требований [2,7,8]. В прикладных задачах финансового консультирования эти ограничения особенно существенны, поскольку ошибки рекомендаций могут приводить к финансовым потерям и снижению доверия пользователей.

ҚАЗАҚ МӘДЕНИЕТІНДЕГІ БАЛА ТӘРБИЕСІНІҢ ӨЗЕКТІ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ

Қашақбаева Қапаш Танекеевна — 2026-02-09

Бұл мақалада қазақ мәдениетіндегі бала тәрбиесінің дәстүрлі жүйесі мен қазіргі кезеңдегі өзекті мәселелері философиялық-әлеуметтік тұрғыда талданады. Қазақ халқының бала тәрбиесіне қатысты көзқарастары ұлттық құндылықтар, салт-дәстүрлер және халықтық педагогика негізінде қарастырылады. Зерттеуде жаһандану, урбанизация және цифрлық технологиялардың ұлттық тәрбие жүйесіне әсері анықталып, отбасы институтының әлсіреуі мен ұрпақтар сабақтастығының үзілуі негізгі проблема ретінде айқындалады. Мақалада ұлттық тәрбиені заманауи білім беру жүйесімен үйлестіру жолдары ұсынылады

Social Practices of Women Teachers in China and Kazakhstan: Gender Asymmetry in the Scientific and Educational Space

Kong Zhaozhao — 2026-02-09

This paper provides an in-depth comparative study of the social practices of women teachers in higher education institutions in China and Kazakhstan, with particular attention to gender asymmetry within scientific and educational spaces. Although women constitute a numerical majority in teaching positions, their participation in academic leadership, high-level research, institutional governance, and policy-making remains disproportionately low. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach that combines large-scale survey data (N = 240), in-depth semi-structured interviews (N = 60), and institutional statistical records from eight representative universities, this study reveals persistent structural and cultural barriers shaping women’s academic careers. Quantitative analysis demonstrates significant gender gaps in publication output, grant acquisition, promotion rates, and leadership representation. Structural equation modeling further identifies workload distribution, access to academic networks, mentoring opportunities, and institutional support as key mediating variables. Qualitative findings illustrate how gender norms, family expectations, and invisible labor intensify women’s professional constraints. The study argues that gender inequality is reproduced through routine institutional practices rather than isolated discrimination. Policy recommendations emphasize gender-sensitive evaluation systems, transparent promotion mechanisms, leadership training, and long-term institutional accountability frameworks.

LLM TECHNOLOGIES IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION: THEORETICAL CONCEPTS AND METHODOLOGICAL DIRECTIONS IN GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION

Narkulova Sayyora — 2026-02-09

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has led to the widespread emergence of large language models (LLMs) as powerful tools in educational contexts. In recent years, LLM-based technologies have attracted growing attention due to their potential to support personalized learning, inquiry-based instruction, and the development of higher-order cognitive skills. However, despite increasing interest in their educational applications, the theoretical foundations and methodological directions for integrating LLM technologies into general secondary education remain insufficiently systematized, particularly within subject-specific domains such as geography.

This review article aims to analyze the theoretical concepts and methodological approaches underpinning the use of LLM technologies in general secondary education, with a specific focus on geography teaching. Drawing on contemporary pedagogical theories—including constructivist, cognitive, socio-cultural, and inquiry-based learning frameworks—the study examines how LLM technologies align with modern educational paradigms and disciplinary characteristics of geography education. International and national scholarly sources are systematically reviewed and synthesized using a theoretical-analytical approach.

The analysis reveals that LLM technologies offer significant methodological potential for geography education by supporting learner-centered instruction, differentiated tasks, formative assessment, and the development of critical and creative thinking skills. At the same time, the review identifies key challenges related to curriculum alignment, age-appropriate adaptation, teacher professional competence, and ethical considerations in school settings.

The findings of this study contribute to the theoretical justification of LLM integration in school geography education and provide a conceptual basis for the development of subject-oriented methodological models and future empirical research.

ПОНЯТИЕ И СУЩНОСТЬ ПРЕДМЕТНОГО УМЕНИЯ В СИСТЕМЕ STEM-ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

Баймаханбетова Марал Абаевна — 2026-02-09

Современные тенденции развития образования обусловлены необходимостью подготовки личности, способной к продуктивной деятельности в условиях быстро меняющегося технологического и информационного пространства. В этой связи особую актуальность приобретает STEM-образование (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics), ориентированное на интеграцию научных знаний, инженерного мышления и практико-ориентированной деятельности обучающихся [1]. Ключевым результатом STEM-образования выступает не столько усвоение совокупности знаний, сколько формирование у обучающихся системы предметных умений, обеспечивающих применение знаний в реальных и учебно-практических ситуациях [2].

В условиях обновления содержания образования и перехода к деятельностной парадигме возникает необходимость теоретического осмысления понятия и сущности предметного умения в системе STEM-образования, определения его структуры, функций и педагогического потенциала [3].

В педагогической литературе категория «умение» тесно связана с деятельностью. Умение-это освоенный способ выполнения действий, основанный на осознанном применении знаний и опыта в изменяющихся условиях [4].

Психологический аспект трактует умение как компонент деятельности, формирующийся на основе знаний и навыков и предполагающий сознательный контроль выполнения действий [5]. В отличие от навыка, который характеризуется автоматизированностью, умение сохраняет осознанность и вариативность применения.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING THE «CASE STUDY» METHOD IN TEACHING THE «RESPIRATION» UNIT OF THE SECONDARY SCHOOL BIOLOGY CURRICULUM

Murat Asylay — 2026-02-09

The article examines the pedagogical effectiveness of using the «Case Study» method in teaching the «Respiration» section of the secondary school biology course. The study analyzed the method's impact on increasing students' interest in the subject, developing critical thinking abilities, and forming skills to apply theoretical knowledge in practical situations. The article describes the features of using the «Case Study» method in biology lessons, examples of practical tasks, research results, and the teacher's role in organization. In conclusion, the "Case Study" method is presented as an effective pedagogical approach that allows increasing students' cognitive activity and improving the quality of education

USING ICT IN STUDYING THE SECTIONS “REPRODUCTION” AND “GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT” IN THE COURSE OF BIOLOGY OF SECONDARY SCHOOL

Musakhmetova Elvira — 2026-02-09

This article examines effective ways of using information and communication technologies (ICT) in teaching the sections “Reproduction” and “Growth and Development” in secondary school biology. The role of ICT tools in the educational process is analyzed, including their importance in enhancing students’ cognitive activity and presenting biological processes in a clear and visual way. In addition, the methodological possibilities of organizing biology lessons through digital resources, multimedia materials, interactive platforms, and computer modeling are explored. The pedagogical effectiveness of applying ICT technologies is highlighted, and practical recommendations for biology teachers are provided

Research Gaps in Integrating the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into Geography Education in Kazakhstan: Adapting the Whole-School Approach and Developing an SDG School Mapping Model

Abu Aidana Sarsenbekqyzy — 2026-02-09

The integration of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into school education has become a strategic priority within global educational reform. In Kazakhstan, sustainability-related content is present in the geography curriculum, including themes on global challenges, environmental protection, and spatial thinking, as well as GIS and remote sensing components at the Grade 9 level. However, SDG integration remains largely implicit and fragmented, lacking a systematic mechanism aligned with UNESCO’s Whole-School Approach. This study aims to design, pilot, and evaluate a scalable SDG School Mapping Model that connects curriculum content, GIS-based spatial analysis, school operations, governance processes, and competency-based assessment within a unified framework.

Using a mixed-methods research design, the study combines curriculum content analysis, teacher surveys and interviews, institutional readiness diagnostics, and a quasi-experimental pilot implementation in selected secondary schools. The model integrates SDG curriculum mapping (topic–SDG–indicator–task–assessment), a GIS-based school sustainability dashboard, and a governance monitoring cycle aligned with the “audit–plan–monitor” logic of green school standards.

Preliminary findings suggest that linking GIS with school-level sustainability indicators enhances students’ spatial thinking and sustainability competencies while strengthening institutional coordination and evidence-based decision-making. The proposed model contributes to implementation research by bridging institutional whole-school standards with the spatial-data methodology of geography. It offers a context-sensitive, scalable framework for embedding SDG integration into Kazakhstan’s secondary education system and supports the transformation of sustainability education from fragmented practice into a measurable and institutionally coordinated system.

Professional-Oriented Methodology for Teaching Chemistry in a Medical College for Nursing Students

Bibolatova Saltanat Nuralievna — 2026-02-09

The modernization of vocational medical education requires a shift from content-based instruction to competence-oriented professional training. Chemistry, as a foundational discipline in medical colleges, often remains theoretical and detached from nursing practice, which reduces students’ motivation and limits professional application. This study proposes a professional-oriented methodology for teaching chemistry to nursing students in medical colleges, integrating clinical context, case-based learning, simulation, and interdisciplinary alignment with medical subjects.

The purpose of the research is to develop and justify an instructional model that contextualizes chemical knowledge within nursing practice and enhances professional competence formation. The methodology is based on contextual learning theory, competency-based education, and interdisciplinary integration principles. A quasi-experimental design was implemented with first-year nursing students in a medical college. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through diagnostic testing, surveys, and performance-based assessments.

The findings demonstrate that professionally contextualized chemistry instruction significantly improves students’ conceptual understanding, motivation, and ability to apply chemical knowledge in clinical scenarios. Students exposed to the proposed model showed higher levels of professional reasoning, pharmacological comprehension, and analytical thinking compared to those in traditional instruction.

The study concludes that integrating professional nursing tasks into chemistry teaching enhances vocational relevance and strengthens interdisciplinary connections between chemistry and medical sciences. The model can be recommended for implementation in medical colleges aiming to improve the quality of nursing education.

БАСТАУЫШ СЫНЫП ОҚУШЫЛАРЫНЫҢ МАТЕМАТИКА САБАҚТАРЫНДА ЛОГИКАЛЫҚ ОЙЛАУ ҚАБІЛЕТТЕРІН ДАМЫТУ ЖОЛДАРЫ

Раймханова Меруерт Бауржановна — 2026-02-09

Бұл мақалада бастауыш сынып оқушыларының критикалық ойлауын дамытудағы логикалық есептердің маңызы мен тиімділігі жан-жақты қарастырылады. Логикалық есептер балалардың танымдық белсенділігін арттырып, мәселеге сан қырлы көзқараспен қарауға, шешім қабылдау барысында дәлелді ой айтуға, өз пікірін қорғауға және жаңаша ойлау қабілетін дамытуға көмектеседі. Мақалада логикалық есептердің түрлері, оларды оқытуда қолдану әдістері, нақты мысалдар мен зерттеу нәтижелері негізінде логикалық тапсырмалардың оқушылар дамуына әсері көрсетіледі. Сонымен қатар логикалық есептер арқылы оқушылардың математикалық сауаттылығы, шығармашылық ойлау және ынтымақтастықта жұмыс жасау дағдыларының дамуы талқыланады.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALGORITHM FOR MASTERING THE TOPIC BY STUDENTS USING STATISTICAL METHODS

Rysboeva Kaldygul — 2026-02-09

This review article examines contemporary scientific approaches to the use of statistical methods for analyzing students’ topic comprehension processes and modeling their learning trajectories. The study aims to identify the role of statistical physics methods in explaining learners’ learning dynamics, detecting latent learning states, and constructing mastery algorithms. The review includes six recent studies published in the Scopus database over the past five years.

The analyzed works provide evidence for the effectiveness of Learning Analytics, Educational Data Mining, Hidden Markov Models, machine learning techniques, and statistical modeling in educational systems. According to the authors, students’ learning behavior represents a complex, multilayered system whose dynamics can only be fully revealed through statistical models. The review highlights recurring learning difficulties, gaps in the application of statistical methods, and the theoretical foundations for predicting learning progress.

This review offers a theoretical and methodological basis for studies aimed at constructing algorithms for student topic mastery. The findings demonstrate that the use of statistical methods enhances learning quality, enables the modeling of learning trajectories, and provides objective evaluation of students’ comprehension levels.

ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНАЯ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ЭКОСИСТЕМА ПЕРСОНАЛИЗИРОВАННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ KNOWLEDGE TRACING И ДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ КАРТ ЗНАНИЙ

Ахменов Н. С — 2026-02-09

Введение. Современное образование все чаще разворачивается в цифровой среде и сталкивается с парадоксом масштаба: чем больше доступных данных и контента, тем труднее обеспечить адресную поддержку каждому обучающемуся. Индивидуализация обучения стала одним из центральных направлений развития цифрового образования, поскольку учащиеся демонстрируют неоднородные стартовые знания, темпы освоения и образовательные потребности. В рамках парадигм Educational Data Mining и Learning Analytics образовательные данные рассматриваются как ресурс для построения моделей обучающихся, выявления рисков отставания и повышения эффективности педагогических решений [1]. В условиях цифровой трансформации образования особую актуальность приобретает формирование экосистемных решений, сочетающих адаптацию на уровне обучающегося с инструментами мониторинга качества на уровне класса/организации/системы [2,3].

IMPROVEMENT OF KUMYS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY BASED ON DRY SAUMAL

Abdihaimova Gulzhazira — 2026-02-09

The article discusses the technological features of kumis production based on reconstituted dry saumal. The parameters of fermentation, the influence of temperature regimes and fermentation duration on the formation of the organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the drink are investigated. Data on the optimisation of starter cultures are presented, and conditions are determined that ensure the production of a product comparable in quality to traditional kumis made from fresh mare's milk. The stability indicators and shelf life of the finished beverage under various temperature conditions are studied. The results confirm the promise of using dry saumal for the industrial production of kumis and expanding its geographical distribution

GASIFICATION OF COAL AND BIOMASS WASTE FUEL BRIQUETTES FOR SYNGAS PRODUCTION

Yermagambet Bolat Toleukhanuly — 2026-02-09

Currently, municipal solid waste and waste from coal and agricultural industries constitute a significant part of the fuel and energy balance in many countries worldwide, despite the enormous consumption of oil and gas. Coal is primarily used as an energy, chemical, and technological raw material in various industrial sectors. This natural resource represents a unique material with tremendous potential for processing. Despite the widespread availability of carbon-containing raw materials and biomass, the environmental risk associated with their use as fuel is very high, primarily due to the increased emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere during combustion.

However, it is known that environmental impact from carbon-containing waste can be significantly reduced by using upgraded, synthetic gaseous or liquid fuels obtained through chemical processing. The properties of products derived from carbon-containing waste also depend on the raw materials used in the technological processing. Many wastes are characterized by low carbon content and weak structural integrity, which limits the applicability of solid products from such wastes compared to high-rank coals. Low-rank wastes include coal slurry, some bituminous coals (grades D and G), and municipal solid waste. A distinguishing feature of these wastes is their high volatile matter content (V_daf > 40%). Each year, increasingly stringent requirements are imposed on the utilization of carbon-containing wastes, and many countries have already introduced restrictions on their landfilling. Consequently, there is a growing societal demand for high-quality waste processing technologies. One promising solution is the thermal conversion of low-rank coals, municipal, and agricultural wastes into high-calorific fuel with low volatile matter content – a potential substitute for expensive and scarce coal grades.

РАЗРАБОТКА И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ АПРОБАЦИЯ ГИДРОИМПУЛЬСНОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ОЧИСТКИ НЕРУДНЫХ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Давренбеков С.Ж. — 2026-02-09

В условиях интенсификации горнодобывающей и строительной отраслей, сопровождающейся ростом объемов добычи и переработки минерального сырья, особую значимость приобретает совершенствование технологий обогащения и очистки полезных ископаемых. Традиционные методы переработки минерального сырья характеризуются высокой энергоёмкостью, значительными потерями ценных компонентов, а также существенной экологической нагрузкой, связанной с образованием отходов и загрязнением окружающей среды.

Современные тенденции устойчивого развития, ужесточение экологических требований и необходимость повышения ресурсной эффективности обуславливают спрос на инновационные технологические решения, обеспечивающие повышение качества переработки минерального сырья при одновременном снижении негативного воздействия на окружающую среду. В этом контексте особый интерес представляют технологии гидроимпульсного обогащения и очистки, основанные на использовании импульсных гидродинамических воздействий, позволяющих повысить селективность разделения минеральных компонентов и эффективность очистки сырья.

Развитие и локализация производства линий гидроимпульсного обогащения и очистки полезных ископаемых являются важным направлением технологической модернизации горнодобывающей и строительной отраслей, способствующим снижению зависимости от импортного оборудования, повышению конкурентоспособности отечественных предприятий и формированию инновационного промышленного потенциала. В связи с этим исследование, направленное на обоснование и разработку производственных решений в области создания линий гидроимпульсного обогащения и очистки полезных ископаемых, является актуальным с научной и практической точек зрения.

Study of the physicochemical properties of fuel briquettes obtained from coal and biomass waste

Yermagambet Bolat Toleukhanuly — 2026-02-09

The widespread use of fuel briquettes is one of the sustainable and environmentally friendly ways to generate energy. Therefore, the importance of this topic is increasing every year and is an important step towards the development of alternative fuel sources.

DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMASS-DERIVED CARBON ADSORBENTS FOR WATER PURIFICATION

Yermagambet Bolat Toleukhanuly — 2026-02-09

This article presents a method for producing activated carbon adsorbents from walnut biomass and rice husks using chemical activation with KOH. Carbonization and thermochemical activation were studied at various temperatures (500–900°C), and the material balance, gas composition, and adsorption characteristics of the resulting materials were assessed. SEM and TEM analyses confirmed the formation of a meso- and microporous structure with a high specific pore volume and significant surface area. The resulting adsorbents demonstrated high efficiency in removing organic matter, suspended particles, and BOD from wastewater, especially for samples with KOH (1:4 ratio). The results demonstrate the potential of using agro-industrial waste to produce highly effective sorbents in an environmentally friendly manner.

STUDY OF THE COMPLEXATION ABILITY OF SILVER WITH BENZOIC ACID DERIVATIVES

Aynur Teyyub Mammadova — 2026-02-09

The formation of complexes of transition metals with oxygen-donor ligands is one of the important directions of coordination chemistry. In this regard, the interaction of silver (I) ion (Ag⁺) with organic ligands containing carboxyl groups, especially benzoic acid and its derivatives, is of great interest from a scientific and applied point of view. Benzoic acid derivatives have a carboxyl group attached to an aromatic ring, and both electron-donor and steric effects determine the nature of the metal-ligand interaction.

Among the transition metals, silver has unique chemical properties. It is widely used in the preparation of important compounds that are widely used as alternative energy sources by forming two-, three- and four-phase systems with silver chalcogenides [1-7]. One of the most important properties of silver is its ability to form complex compounds. This property is widely used in analytical chemistry, electrochemistry, photography and industry. Silver forms stable complexes mainly in the +1 oxidation state.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ СИНТЕЗА ПОЛИОКСИХЛОРИДА АЛЮМИНИЯ: ОЦЕНКА ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ОСУЩЕСТВИМОСТИ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ

Арапов Алмас — 2026-02-09

Современное промышленное развитие характеризуется возрастающей нагрузкой на окружающую среду, проявляющейся, с одной стороны, в накоплении значительных объемов техногенных отходов, а с другой – в загрязнении водных ресурсов. Алюминиевая промышленность генерирует большое количество вторичных шлаков, относящихся к опасным отходам, в то время как предприятия различных отраслей нуждаются в эффективных реагентах для очистки сложных сточных вод. Одним из таких реагентов является полиоксихлорид алюминия (ПОХА), отличающийся высокой коагуляционной активностью, работой в широком диапазоне pH и образованием меньшего объема осадка по сравнению с традиционными солями алюминия.

В настоящее время актуальным является поиск баланса между экономической эффективностью и качеством конечного продукта. Существуют два принципиальных подхода к производству ПОХА: традиционный, основанный на использовании высококачественного первичного сырья, и ресурсосберегающий, соответствующий принципам циркулярной экономики, предполагающий утилизацию алюминийсодержащих отходов. Однако в научно-технической литературе отсутствуют прямые сопоставительные данные, позволяющие объективно оценить, может ли продукт из вторичного сырья служить полноценной заменой промышленному стандарту. Целью данного исследования стало проведение комплексного сравнительного анализа двух технологий синтеза ПОХА – из вторичного алюминиевого шлака и первичного металлического алюминия – с оценкой их технологической осуществимости, качества продукции и потенциала для промышленного внедрения.

The Legal, Constitutional, and Ethical Aspects of Medical Assistance in Dying in the State of New York

Iskender Usupbaev — 2026-02-09

This paper will examine the current constitutional debate in the State of New York regarding Medical Aid in Dying (MAID), a practice distinct from but related to palliative care in its focus on end-of-life autonomy and patient dignity. In June 2025, the New York State Legislature approved the Medical Aid in Dying Act, signifying the New York’s fisrt comprehensive legislative recognition of the right of terminally ill, mentally competent adults to request life-ending medication under defined medical safeguards. The bill, now awaiting the governor’s signature, places New York at the center of a national dialogue over whether the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection and substantive due process encompass the right to a medically assisted death. Building on the precedents of Vacco v. Quill (521 U.S. 793 (1997)) and Washington v. Glucksberg (521 U.S. 702 (1997)), this paper argues that New York’s failure to implement the Act after legislative passage would not merely represent a policy hesitation, but a potential constitutional breach that undermines evolving interpretations of personal liberty, bodily integrity, and state responsibility in modern constitutional law.

THE RICH HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF CAUCASIAN ALBANIA

Ahmadova Turkan Yusif — 2026-02-09

Azərbaycan tarixində elə mərhələlər vardır ki, həmin dövrü dərindən araşdırmağa ehtiyac var.
Cənubi Qafqazın qədim dövlətlərindən biri olan Qafqaz Albaniyası Azərbaycanın qədim və erkən orta əsrlər tarixində əsas yer tutur. Məhz buna görə də Qafqaz Albaniyasının tarixinin və mədəniyyətinin öyrənilməsi problemi Azərbaycan tarixşünaslığında mühüm məsələlərdən biridir və tədqiqatçıların diqqət mərkəzindədir.
Şimali Azərbaycanın tarixi keçmişinin uzun bir dövrü Qafqaz Albaniyasının adı ilə bağlıdır. Buna görə də, Qafqaz Albaniyası tarixinin öyrənilməsi Azərbaycan üçün həmişə aktualdır. Bu istiqamətdə aparılan tədqiqatlar keçmişimizlə bağlı problemlərə xeyli işıq salıb.
Azərbaycan tarixində xüsusi iz qoyan və bizi tarixi keçmişimizə qaytaran kifayət qədər səbəb və hadisələr var. Müasir Azərbaycan tarixşünaslığında Qafqaz Albaniyasının öyrənilməsi sahəsində yeniliklər mövcuddur.