ECO-BİOLOGİCAL CHARACTERİSTİCS OF ALFALFA İN CULTİVATED SOİLS

Abstract

Fodder crops, including alfalfa, are of great importance among agricultural crops. Alfalfa plant is widely used in animal nutrition as a complete food product. At the same time, the alfalfa plant is a perennial forage plant, showing high productivity by remaining in the fields for up to 5 years. This plant is harvested several times starting from early spring and until the end of autumn, it is fed to animals as a mass of green grass. The green mass of the alfalfa plant is dried in the open field and used as dry hay. It should be noted that the nutritional value of both green and dry mass of alfalfa plant is highly appreciated. At the same time, silage, haystack , briquettes, grass meal, etc. can be made from the alfalfa plant used in the purchase of fodder.As it can be seen, the economic importance of the alfalfa plant is wide-scale, and in all cases it is characterized by high quality of fodder. At the same time, the amount of biogenic elements and humus substance increases in the soil where alfalfa is planted, which leads to an increase in the productivity of the soil. This is the basis for the creation of a rotational cropping system in the field of agriculture. It has been determined that the cultivation of other agricultural crops in the fields planted with alfalfa is observed with an increase in productivity up to 20%.

As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the soil planted with alfalfa is quite fertile compared to the background soil. It should be noted that soil fertility is evaluated by the amount of humus in its content. In other words, the more or less amount of humus in the soil determines its productivity. If we take into account that the source of the formation of humus in the soil is mainly fodder plants, including alfalfa and its cultivated varieties, then the biological and economic importance of the alfalfa plant becomes clear once again.