Underground engineering facilities in populated areas

Abstract

Underground engineering facilities have a great place in the development process of the country. They serve to overcome various obstacles on communication routes, increase traffic safety, reduce the intensity of land transport in populated areas and the length of the travel section. The construction of underground engineering facilities is associated with great difficulties and financial costs. The cost of their construction depends on such natural factors as: the depth of the location of the object, physical-mechanical properties of the rocks, temperature, hydro-geology of the area, tectonics and others. The peculiarity of their construction is also expressed in the large volume of work to be carried out, the use of complex machines and equipment, the narrowness of the working space, the change of mining and geological conditions during the movement of equipment and equipment, and the observance of safety rules. In addition to the mentioned, the course of the work process depends on such important links as: pressure, ventilation, water and others.

Underground engineering facilities of settlements develop at an ever-increasing rate along with cities and are an integral part of them. The integrated development of the underground space of cities makes it possible and contributes to the rational use of the land area, simplification of transport services for the population, improvement of road safety, reduction of street noise and air pollution from exhaust gases.

City underground engineering facilities can be conventionally combined into several groups: engineering and transport (different types of tunnels and parking lots); service sectors (store, cinema, exhibition hall, storage, archive, etc.); industrial and energy (workshop, laboratory, thermal station, etc.); engineering networks and constructions (pipeline, transformer, gas distribution station, etc.); Civil defense facilities. Underground engineering facilities allow to release a significant part of the usable area in the territory of the settlement.