The concept of emotional burnout syndrome

Abstract

Burnout syndrome is a reaction of the body that occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to professional stresses of moderate intensity. This is a process of gradual loss of emotional, cognitive and physical energy, manifested in symptoms of emotional, mental exhaustion and physical fatigue. The syndrome of emotional burnout is expressed in the reduction of personal achievements.

For the first time, American psychologists drew attention to the phenomenon of burnout when social services for the unemployed, disabled, wives of alcoholics, survivors of violence, veterans of the Vietnam War, etc. began to appear in the USA in the 60s of the XX century. Everyone came to rehabilitation centers with their difficulties and psychological problems, gradually more often from visitors complaints about inattention, indifference and even rudeness of employees began to sound. The term "burnout" was introduced by the American psychiatrist H.J. Freudenberg in 1974. to characterize the psychological state of healthy people who are in intensive and close communication with clients (patients) in an emotionally loaded atmosphere when providing professional assistance. At the moment, CMEA is understood as a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and a decrease in personal effectiveness, which can occur among specialists engaged in different types of "helping professions" [1, 2].