The role of the gut microbiome in the development and recovery from ischemic stroke

Abstract

The intestinal microbiome, consisting of trillions of microorganisms, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and outcome of stroke. Recent evidence suggests that an imbalance in the microbiome (dysbiosis) may contribute to increased systemic inflammation, increased intestinal barrier permeability, and impaired neuroregeneration.

An increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, the growth of opportunistic bacteria such as Enterobacter, Megasphaera, and Desulfovibrio, and a decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria like Faecalibacterium and Roseburia have been linked to the severity of stroke and poor functional outcomes.

Modulating the microbiome through the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and diet interventions can improve intestinal barrier function, decrease inflammation, and enhance neurorehabilitation outcomes. Understanding the interaction between the gut and brain (gut-brain axis) offers promising prospects for developing novel therapeutic strategies for stroke recovery.