Stem Cell Aging Across Species: Translational Insights, Clinical Outcomes, and the Future of Personalized Regenerative Medicine

Authors

  • David Aphkhazava PhD, Full Professor of Biochemistry at Alte university, Tbilisi, Georgia; Invited Lecturer (Professor) of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, Tbilisi Georgia, Full professor of Biochemistry Georgian National University SEU, Tbilisi Georgia, Invited Lecturer (Professor) of Biophysics and Microbiology, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia. Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6216-6477
  • Levan Gulua PhD, Professor, Head of bachelor program of Biomedicine at University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • Mariam Velijanashvili Professor, University Unilevel, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • Akaki Sarishvili Professor, University Unilevel, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • Nina Inauri Assistant Professor, Tbilisi State University (TSU), Tbilisi, Georgia
  • Nino Chichiveishvili MD, University Unilevel, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • Lolita Shengelia PhD, Invited lecturer of Georgian National University, Tbilisi, Georgia; Invited lecturer of Georgian American University, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • Nodar Sulashvili MD, PhD, Doctor of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences In Medicine, Invited Lecturer (Professor) of Scientific Research-Skills Center at Tbilisi State Medical University; Professor of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology of International School of Medicine at Alte University; Professor of Pharmacology of Faculty of Medicine at Georgian National University SEU, Associate Affiliated Professor of Medical Pharmacology of Faculty of Medicine at Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani University; Associate Professor of Medical Pharmacology at School of Medicine at David Aghmashenebeli University of Georgia; Associate Professor of Biochemistry and Pharmacology Direction of School of Health Sciences at the University of Georgia. Associate Professor of Pharmacology of Faculty of Dentistry and Pharmacy at Tbilisi Humanitarian Teaching University; Tbilisi, Georgia; Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9005-8577.
  • Ananya Naik MD, Alte University, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • Manish Reddy Mogilahalli Ramachandrappa MD, Alte University, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • Anuja Dhananjay Naikwade MD, Alte University, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • Ramashish Subhashchandra Vishwakarma MD, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • Syed Shah MD, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • Chanchal Rathod MD, Alte University, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • Omolola Daniel Ademilade Oluwasemilore MD, Alte University, Tbilisi, Georgia

Keywords:

stem cell aging, regenerative medicine, senescence, personalized therapy, comparative biology, C. elegans, mouse, primate, clinical translation

Abstract

Stem cell aging is a central determinant of tissue decline, regenerative failure, and the onset of age-related diseases. Across species—from Caenorhabditis elegans to mice and primates—the gradual deterioration of stem cell function mirrors systemic aging and the loss of physiological resilience. Advances in regenerative medicine and single-cell technologies have unveiled key cellular mechanisms of stem cell senescence, including genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic drift, and altered intercellular signaling. Experimental evidence from both invertebrate and mammalian models has revealed that interventions targeting these pathways can restore stem cell potency and extend lifespan and healthspan.

This review synthesizes cross-species insights into the biology of stem cell aging and its translational relevance. Model organisms have elucidated conserved longevity networks such as insulin/IGF-1 and mTOR signaling that regulate self-renewal and differentiation. Mammalian studies highlight additional layers, including telomere attrition, NAD⁺ depletion, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which collectively compromise regenerative potential. Notably, work in primates has demonstrated that rejuvenated or senescence-resistant stem cells can counteract systemic aging and restore organ function, representing a critical milestone toward clinical translation.

Emerging technologies—such as CRISPR-based epigenetic modulation, single-cell transcriptomics, and artificial intelligence–driven aging clocks—are enabling a shift toward personalized regenerative medicine. Integrating comparative biological data with individualized molecular profiling will allow the development of targeted anti-senescence interventions and prediction of therapeutic outcomes. Ultimately, manipulating the biological age of stem cells holds the promise of redefining medical practice—from reactive disease treatment to proactive maintenance of cellular youth and tissue vitality throughout the human lifespan.

Published

2025-10-27

How to Cite

David Aphkhazava, Levan Gulua, Mariam Velijanashvili, Akaki Sarishvili, Nina Inauri, Nino Chichiveishvili, Lolita Shengelia, Nodar Sulashvili, Ananya Naik, Manish Reddy Mogilahalli Ramachandrappa, Anuja Dhananjay Naikwade, Ramashish Subhashchandra Vishwakarma, Syed Shah, Chanchal Rathod, & Omolola Daniel Ademilade Oluwasemilore. (2025). Stem Cell Aging Across Species: Translational Insights, Clinical Outcomes, and the Future of Personalized Regenerative Medicine. Reviews of Modern Science, (11). Retrieved from https://ojs.publisher.agency/index.php/RMS/article/view/6979

Issue

No. 11 (2025): Reviews of Modern Science

Section

Biological Sciences

License

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