DEVELOPMENT OF AN IN VITRO GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM L.) COLLECTION: A NOVEL BIOTECHNOLOGY APPROACH IN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

In modern Kazakhstan, garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivation is limited, with few domestic summer and winter varieties available. In vitro culture provides a promising biotechnology approach for rapid, uniform, and disease-free propagation of garlic, ensuring preservation of genetic resources and supporting food security. This study aimed to establish an in vitro garlic collection using local varieties, including Arman and Zailiyskiy. Explants were carefully selected and sterilized, followed by growth on MS-based culture media supplemented with BAP and NAA. Shoot induction and rooting were monitored, assessing plantlet survival, contamination rates, and morphological development. Results showed high survival and efficient shoot induction in domestic varieties, confirming the suitability of in vitro culture for propagating and preserving local germplasm. The established collection offers significant scientific value by maintaining genetic diversity and providing material for breeding programs. Practically, it enables the introduction of disease-resistant, high-yielding garlic forms into agricultural production. This approach contributes to sustainable agriculture, reduces dependence on imported planting material, and supplies ecologically safe, high-quality food. In conclusion, establishing an in vitro garlic collection represents a novel and relevant biotechnology strategy in Kazakhstan, enhancing productivity and supporting national food security.