TAXONOMY AND ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF MICROMYCETE FUNGI IN URBAN ECOSYSTEMS

Abstract

This research examines the taxonomic composition and ecological functions of micromycete fungal biota based on soil samples collected from various functional zones (industrial, residential, parks, and recreational areas) in Baku city. The aim was to assess the species diversity and trophic specialization characteristics of fungal biota under urbanization conditions and determine their functional roles in soil ecosystems. A total of 43 micromycete species were isolated and identified from the soil samples using the dilution method and Saburo and Czapek

Dox media. Among these, representatives of genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Alternaria, Cladosporium, and others were predominant. The results showed that in areas affected by industrial and transport influences, the abundance of saprotrophic and stress-resistant species increased, while in parks and green areas, ecological diversity and the proportion of symbiotic species were higher. The bioindicator potential of micromycetes was assessed, and their correlation with the degree of urbanization was statistically confirmed. These results highlight the significant role of micromycetes in maintaining ecological stability and monitoring soil health in urban soils.