Development Trends of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Kazakhstan

Abstract

In Kazakhstan, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have gradually shifted from being peripheral market actors to representing a meaningful part of the country’s broader economic transition. Their contribution extends beyond employment creation; SMEs increasingly serve as channels for technology adoption, local market diversification, and regional economic activity. This article reviews the current trajectory of SME development by looking at macroeconomic influences, sectoral movement, and operational constraints frequently reported by firms. It then highlights emerging opportunities tied to digitalization, agritech modernization, and Kazakhstan’s growing role in transcontinental logistics. The discussion aims to provide a balanced picture of both progress and persistent challenges, offering insights that may be useful for policymakers and practitioners supporting the sector’s evolution.