The role of small and medium-sized states in the new world order: the example of Azerbaijan

Abstract

Against the backdrop of the transformation of the global system, the role of small and medium-sized states is increasingly increasing. Despite their limited resources, these states can become important actors in international relations through smart diplomacy, regional cooperation and soft power. The Republic of Azerbaijan, with its geographical location, energy potential and multifaceted foreign policy, demonstrates exemplary experience in this area. This article examines the geopolitical and diplomatic role of small and medium-sized states based on the example of Azerbaijan against the background of the main trends of the new world order. In the contemporary international relations system, the formation of a new world order is accompanied by the growing role of small and medium-sized states. In geopolitical spaces where the interests of global powers collide, such states act as balancers, mediators, and guarantors of regional stability. The Republic of Azerbaijan serves as a remarkable example in this context. Owing to its strategic geographical position, energy resources, and multi-vector diplomacy, Azerbaijan plays the role of a bridge between regional and global powers. Its foreign policy is based on balanced approaches, multilateral cooperation, and active participation in international organizations. These features have transformed Azerbaijan into a key actor not only in the South Caucasus but also across the broader Eurasian space. This article analyzes the increasing significance of small and medium-sized states in the new world order, examines Azerbaijan’s role and strategic functions, and explores future challenges and perspectives.