Digital Transformation of Justice in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

The rapid development of information technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced modern justice systems, making digital transformation an inevitable process. This article examines the role of artificial intelligence in the modernization of justice, focusing on its potential to enhance efficiency, accessibility, and decision-making within judicial systems. It analyzes the practical applications of AI in courts, including administrative automation, legal research, risk assessment, and decision-support tools, with reference to experiences from various countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, China, and Estonia. Alongside its benefits, the article highlights the major ethical and legal challenges associated with the integration of AI into judicial decision-making, including risks to judicial independence, transparency, accountability, equality before the law, data protection, and privacy. Particular attention is given to issues of algorithmic bias, the “black box” nature of AI systems, and the limits of automation in evaluating the unique factual circumstances of individual cases. The study emphasizes that while AI can serve as an effective auxiliary tool, it must not replace human judgment. The article concludes that successful integration of AI into the justice system requires a balanced approach that preserves fundamental principles of justice, ensures human oversight, strengthens regulatory frameworks, and promotes multidisciplinary cooperation to address ethical risks.