BEHAVIORAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM USING THE EXAMPLE OF ZHAMBYL REGION

Abstract

Introduction: According to WHO, 71% or 41 million deaths from non-communicable diseases are recorded annually. Digestive system diseases (DSD) account for 2.5 million cases. The economic costs of noncommunicable diseases create global barriers to socioeconomic development. According to statistics, with an increase in mortality by 10%, economic growth decreases by 0.5% [1].

Objectives: Epidemiological study of the influence of behavioral factors on the development of diseases of the digestive system.

Materials and methods: The most important criterion determining the epidemiological situation is morbidity and mortality rates. At the same time, a comparative analysis of the data on health safety indicators for the Zhambyl region was carried out using statistical collections “Health of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the activities of health care organizations for 2011-2020.” A survey was also conducted, using the standardized and adapted WHO STEPS tool, 391 residents of the Zhambyl region aged from 18 to 69 years (Taraz, Karatau v., Sarykemer v.).

Results: The study was conducted within the framework of the NTP “National Program for the Introduction of Personalized and Preventive Medicine in the Republic of Kazakhstan.” A comparative analysis of the dynamics of the incidence of digestive organs in the Zhambyl region revealed an increase in the primary incidence of DSD in the Zhambyl region - by 29.2%. Indicators of the adult population made the greatest contribution to the increase in the overall incidence of   DSD. Thus, this indicator increased by 2 times during the study period (by 102.%) from 2280.3 (as the lowest indicator) in 2011, to 4616.9 per 100,000 adult population in 2020 (as the highest indicator) [2]. Of the 391 respondents surveyed, 52 (13.3%) are registered with a dispensary, while 339 (86.7%) respondents are not registered with a dispensary, χ2= 210.662, p<0.001. According to the respondents' answers, the amount of salt consumed in one day was up to 5g - 120 (30.7%), 5-10g - 71 (18.2%), 10-15g - 25 (6.4%), do not know - 166 (42.5%), 15-20g - 9 (2.3%), χ2 = 219.013, p<0.001. Characteristics of fruit consumption: once a week – 77 (19.7%), 2 times a week – 88 (22.5%), once a month – 23 (5.9%), daily – 192 (49.1 %), there is no such possibility - 11 (2.8%), χ2 = 263.565, p<0.001, for eating vegetables once a week - 55 (14.1%), 2 times a week - 90 (23.0% ), once a month – 12 (3.1%), daily – 224 (57.3%), there is no such opportunity – 10 (2.6%), χ2 = 396.020, p<0.001. For lovers of fatty foods, the answer was yes - 166 (42.5%), no - 225 (57.5%), χ2 = 8.903, p = 0.003. According to the frequency of eating fatty foods: once a week - 84 (21.5%), 2 times a week - 84 (21.5%), once a month - 57 (14.6%), daily - 67 ( 17.1%), do not use - 99 (25.3%), χ2 = 13.744, p = 0.008. For fans of spicy food, the answer was yes - 207 (42.5%), no - 184 (57.5%), χ2 = 1.353, p = 0.245. According to the frequency of eating spicy food: once a week - 88 (22.5%), 2 times a week - 60 (15.3%), once a month - 66 (16.9%), daily - 57 ( 14.6%), do not use - 120 (30.7%), χ2 = 35.458, p<0.001.

Conclusions: Based on the results of a cross-sectional study, the influence of behavioral factors on the increase in the incidence of  DSD in the population of the Zhambyl region was established.

References:

1.WHO/Digestive diseases/ https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/digestive-diseases-(dds)

1. Health of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the activities of healthcare organizations Stat.sb. - Astana, 2011-2020.