Thermochemical gasification and activation of coal–biomass briquettes

Abstract

Today, the main method of thermal treatment of municipal solid waste is its direct incineration. At the same time, technologies based on processes such as gasification, pyrolysis, and combustion in slag melts are also known, including those utilizing plasma torches; however, they are used on a very limited scale and have virtually no impact on the overall volume of waste utilization [1–3]. During the gasification process, the feedstock is mainly converted into synthesis gas consisting of H₂, CO, and CO₂. Paper and cardboard constitute a significant portion of municipal solid waste (up to 40% in developed countries). The second largest category worldwide is organic matter, including food waste and other household waste, while metals, glass, and plastics account for 7–9% of total waste [4]. Compared with the conventional combustion of solid fuels, another advantage of municipal solid waste gasification is the almost complete gasification of carbon, resulting in a significantly lower degree of incomplete fuel combustion; consequently, the producer gas and ash residues contain no unreacted carbon or soot [5].