BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SOCIAL FACTORS DETERMINING HUMAN PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

Abstract

Human psychological well-being is a complex state shaped by the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. Biological factors, including genetic predisposition, physical health, chronic illnesses, and physiological processes, may influence an individual’s emotional and psychological state. Genetic characteristics do not fully determine psychological well-being; rather, their effects emerge through interaction with the environment, living conditions, and individual characteristics. Among psychological factors, personality traits, self-awareness, self-attitude, cognitive style, emotional regulation, stress-coping abilities, and psychological resilience are of particular importance. Constructive thinking, emotional literacy, and the ability to adapt to difficulties contribute to maintaining psychological balance. The social environment is also an important determinant of psychological well-being. Healthy relationships with family members, friends, peers, and other social groups strengthen a sense of social connectedness and security. In contrast, social isolation, conflicts, discrimination, and limited access to social support may increase emotional distress.