INSTITUTIONAL AND INFRASTRUCTURAL PRECONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE PETROCHEMICAL CLUSTER IN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

The article examines the structural and institutional features of forming a competitive petrochemical cluster in the Republic of Kazakhstan as a key element of the national economic diversification strategy. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the internal structure and the factors determining the industry’s long-term competitive advantages, as well as to assess its export potential in the context of global competition.

The study employs methods of system and structural-functional analysis, comparative benchmarking, as well as economic-statistical and forecasting techniques. The empirical base consists of official statistical data of the Republic of Kazakhstan, materials of industry associations, and international organizations.

The research findings reveal that the Kazakhstani petrochemical cluster is at an early stage of formation, characterized by a high dependence on imported technologies and a limited depth of hydrocarbon processing. At the same time, the presence of a significant raw material base, geographical advantages, and state support measures create favorable conditions for establishing stable competitive positions in the global market. Comparative analysis with clusters in the Persian Gulf and Southeast Asia identified promising directions for technological and organizational development, including modernization of production and logistics chains and enhancement of innovation activity.

The main conclusions highlight the need for an integrated approach to cluster development, strengthening scientific and technical cooperation, expanding the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises, and integrating into international production networks. The proposed recommendations can be applied in shaping state policy on cluster development and the export-oriented strategy of the petrochemical sector